Why, become the carrying power of solid rocket motors "new favorite"?
New in XI ' an, August 2 questions: why, become the carrying power of solid rocket motors "new favorite"?
News service reporter Dong Zichang
On August 2, the China's largest diameter, charge the maximum, the most powerful solid-rocket engine-civil space 3.2-meter-segment solid rocket booster engine ground firing tests a complete success, indicates that China has mastered key technology for large segmented solid rocket booster engine.
Lift the solid rocket, people always think it's mysterious. Because it is mainly used for missile weapons in the past, thus "hiding in the grounds for recognition". Now for the aerospace carries and solid rocket motors of deep space exploration coming into view, reveals the strong body and strong motivation. So, why the solid rocket motors will gradually become the field of space launch "new favorite"?
　　Solid dynamics of the innate "gene" advantages
Has easily achieved due to solid rocket motor thrust, high reliability, launching, operation is simple, easy to use and maintain, and other advantages, an important part as a space launch vehicle powered, in countries around the world have played an important role in the development of space launch technology status, plays an important role.
Aerospace Science and technology four hospital 41 Chief Chief Designer Wang Jianru, solid delivery engine, rocket power system structure is simple, has natural advantages in terms of reliability and mobility. Because the prepack into solid propellant engine, after the solid rocket to the launch site and test immediately after the completion of the implementation of the launch, which can shorten the period of launch preparations, ensuring safe launches.
Aerospace Science and technology four Hospital Chief Engineer Wang Chien-hsuan noted that more stable chemical properties of solids, not afraid of leaks, the storage temperature and humidity as well as the environment's not demanding. While solid rocket propellant high energy density, in the same capacity under the condition of rocket could be made smaller and lighter, increasing the flexibility of transport, so that lower launch costs.
In addition, the solid rocket set for long-term storage, fast and easy to transport characteristics in one, meet the needs of mobile emergency space launch loads, versatile solid rockets have a great deal of "useless".
　　Paragraph butted solid driving force multiplier
In the launch vehicle field and solid engine as the Lord of all the solid rocket engine, tying rocket booster engines.
According to reports, all solid launch vehicle is the main technical means of achieving rapid access to space, the world's leading spacefaring nations are developing a solid launch vehicle mature. In addition, the solid boosters and liquid core stage is outside the main composition of a typical power system of carrier rocket, the current foreign bound rocket solid boosters in the dominant.
High waves, said Vice President of aerospace technology Institute, four production in accordance with the structure of combustion chamber of solid rocket motor, is divided into the overall solid rocket motor and segmented solid rocket motor. All solid four-stage launch vehicle has been with the long 11th took flight for the first time succeeded in turning many small satellites into orbit, its unique advantages have been verified.
"Solid engine you want to use a space delivery areas, greater thrust must be to achieve it. "Wang Jianru pointed out that large segmented solid rocket motor thrust, long working hours, large dimensions and other characteristics, is the effective way to achieve high takeoff thrust of launch vehicle. Meanwhile, technology can dramatically reduce engine development conditions of technical difficulty, the difficulty and cost.
Wang Jianru said that as a key technology for large solid engine, segmented docking technology is now commonly used. Is mainly of the combustion chamber is divided into several segments, each independent thermal insulation of the combustion chamber, casting, eventually through a combination of modular Assembly, achieved within a finite diameter charging, heavy-lift technology needs.
Wang Jianru said, is essentially a slow combustion of solid rocket "powder keg", once the piecewise connection problem between, can cause uneven burning, triggering an explosion. Segmented solid rocket manufacturing and Assembly is extremely complex and difficult.
3 m diameter engine developed, making large solid motor development of independent innovation ability and level has been improved. High waves, said now is 2-3 meters to finish the engine test, the next step will further expand-section, is bound to China carrying capacity plays an important role.
(Editors: Zhong Qinghui UN660)
2016-08-02 19:16:44
China News Network

固体火箭发动机为何能成为运载动力“新宠”？
中新社西安8月2日电  题：固体火箭发动机为何能成为运载动力“新宠”？
　　中新社记者 董子畅
　　8月2日，中国直径最大、装药量最大、推力最大的固体火箭发动机——民用航天3米2分段大型固体火箭助推发动机地面热试车圆满成功，标志着中国已经掌握大型分段式固体火箭助推发动机关键技术。
　　提起固体火箭，人们总觉得它很神秘。因为它以往主要用于导弹武器上，因而“藏在深闺人难识”。如今用于宇航运载和深空探测的固体火箭发动机开始走进人们的视野，展露出它强健的体魄和超强的动力。那么，固体火箭发动机为何会逐渐成为航天发射领域的“新宠”？
　　固体动力的先天“基因”优势
　　由于固体火箭发动机具有易实现大推力、可靠性高、发射操作简单、使用维护方便等优点，作为航天运载火箭动力的重要组成，在世界各国航天运载技术发展中均占据了重要地位、发挥着重要作用。
　　航天科技四院41所首席专家、固体运载发动机总设计师王健儒表示，固体火箭动力系统结构相对简单，在可靠性和机动性方面有着先天的优势。由于固体推进剂预先装填进发动机内，固体火箭运至发射场后，测试完成后即可实施发射，因而可以缩短发射准备周期，确保安全发射。
　　航天科技四院总工程师王建指出，固体推进剂化学性能更为稳定，不怕泄漏，对储存的温湿度以及力学环境要求不苛刻。同时固体火箭推进剂能量密度高，在相同运载能力条件下火箭可以做得更小、更轻，可以提高运输的灵活性，使发射成本降低。
　　此外，固体运载火箭集长期储存、检测快速和便于运输的特点于一身，正符合机动应急空间发射一些载荷的需要，机动性强的固体火箭在此有了很大的“用武之地”。
　　分段对接让固体助推动力倍增
　　在运载火箭领域，固体发动机主要作为全固体运载火箭的主发动机、捆绑式运载火箭的助推发动机使用。
　　据介绍，全固体运载火箭是实现快速进入空间的主要技术手段，世界主要航天国家均发展有成熟的全固体运载火箭。除此之外，固体助推器加液体芯级是国外典型运载火箭动力系统的主要组成方式，目前国外捆绑运载火箭中固体助推器占主体地位。
　　航天科技四院副院长高波表示，四院生产的固体火箭发动机按照燃烧室结构形式，分为整体式固体发动机和分段式固体发动机。全固体四级运载火箭已经伴随着长征十一号参加了首次飞行，成功将多颗小卫星送入预定轨道，其独特的优势已经得到验证。
　　“固体发动机要真正运用到宇航运载领域，必须要达到更大推力才行。”王健儒指出，分段式固体发动机具有推力大、工作时间长，结构尺寸大等特点，是运载火箭实现大起飞推力的有效途径。同时，采用分段技术，可大幅降低发动机技术难度、研制条件难度以及研制成本。
　　王健儒说，作为实现固体发动机大型化的关键技术，分段对接技术在目前国际上被普遍使用。其主要是将燃烧室分成若干段，每段燃烧室独立绝热、浇注，最终通过模块化组合装配，实现有限直径内大装药、大推力的技术需求。
　　王健儒还指出，固体火箭本质上就是缓慢燃烧的“炸药桶”，一旦分段之间的连接部分出现问题，就会导致燃烧不均匀，引发爆炸。所以分段式固体火箭的制造组装极为复杂困难。
　　直径3米发动机的研制成功，使中国大型固体发动机自主创新的研制能力和水平得到进一步提升。高波表示，目前完成的是2段式3米发动机的试验，下一步，将进一步扩展段式，必将对中国运载能力的提升起到巨大的推动作用。
(责任编辑：钟庆辉 UN660)
2016-08-02 19:16:44
中国新闻网