Drops bid and whether the alleged monopoly? Attorney: bad to say-drip drop, Uber-IT information

The afternoon of August 1 message, drop this afternoon travel to acquire upon publication in China, set off a discussion on antitrust issues. China's e-Commerce Research Center special researcher, leading IT lawyer Zhao occupation told reporters, drops takeover involving antitrust problem is the concentration of business operators, but because both sides of business data has not yet been released to the outside world, it is difficult to determine whether it would be vetoed by China's Ministry of Commerce.

Zhao occupation says drops bid and China involving antitrust problem is the concentration of business operators. Called the concentration of business operators, operators merged, by way of acquiring their equities or assets take control and take control through contracts and other three cases.

According to anti-monopoly method, operators concentrated need prior to China Commerce anti-monopoly Council for declared of standard is: all enterprise Shang a annual in global range within of turnover total over 10 billion yuan, and at least two home in China territory of turnover are over 400 million Yuan; or, all enterprise Shang a fiscal year in China territory of turnover total over 2 billion yuan, and at least two home in China territory of turnover are over 400 million Yuan.

It is worth mentioning that, concentration reporting criteria is turnover, not market share. Zhao occupation said, even two home enterprise of market share of and over one-second, if turnover of and not to 2 billion yuan, and each home of turnover not to 400 million Yuan, General also not need to declared, unless according to China State on operators concentrated declared standard of provides, collection of facts and evidence showed that operators concentrated has or may has excluded, and limit competition effect, China Commerce anti-monopoly Council can active survey. Instead, even as market share and not to one-second, compliance with the standards are needed to declare the turnover.

He drops bid and China, should be applied is whether the total turnover of the two companies last year exceeded 2 billion yuan, more than 400 million yuan each. If this standard is reached, need to be declared in advance and approved cannot be acquired.

However, said Zhao occupation, drops and high turnover of China refers to the company's own revenue, rather than transactions on the platform because the order transaction amounts in most, if not all belong to the network about truck drivers, and not to the platform cannot be calculated as revenues. But because the parties are non-listed companies, earnings are not open, and it is unclear whether reporting standards.

In addition, the merger process involves complex transactions, from initial negotiations, agreed, signed to the final completion of delivery took a long time, even if the concentration of reporting standards, generally starts only after the formal contract reporting process, not just initial intention for reporting, follow-up of contracts, delivery through review. "Drops announced bid and China, there is just initial intention, or has just signed, if the concentration of reporting standards, next only to declare. "Occupation of Zhao said.

Zhao occupation revealed, if drops drops acquisition excellent step China meet declared standard and to China Commerce anti-monopoly Council declared, China Commerce review main see this up acquisition whether will excluded or limit competition, currently network about car industry participation Enterprise compared more, also has China car, and easy to with car, and operators concentrated of review practice in the, most are is directly through, less part is additional restrictive conditions, only very minority case is directly rejected of. Because antitrust law does not in principle opposed to enterprises through the normal market operation and merge, way bigger and stronger, even monopolies, mainly against the use of monopoly to remove competition and anti-competitive behavior.

滴滴出行收购优步是否涉嫌垄断？律师：不好说 - 滴滴出行,Uber - IT资讯

8月1日下午消息，今天下午滴滴出行对优步中国的收购一经公布，就掀起了关于反垄断问题的探讨。中国电子商务研究中心特约研究员、知名IT律师赵占领向记者表示，滴滴出行收购案，涉及的反垄断问题主要是经营者集中，但因双方的营业数据暂未对外界公布，因此难以判定是否会因此被中国商务部否决。

赵占领称，滴滴收购优步中国，涉及的反垄断问题主要是经营者集中。所谓经营者集中，包括经营者合并、通过取得股权或者资产的方式取得控制权以及通过合同等方式取得控制权等三种情形。

根据反垄断法，经营者集中需要事先向中国商务部反垄断局进行申报的标准是：所有企业上一年度在全球范围内的营业额合计超过100亿元，并且至少两家在中国境内的营业额均超过4亿元；或者，所有企业上一会计年度在中国境内的营业额合计超过20亿元，并且至少两家在中国境内的营业额均超过4亿元。

值得一提的是，经营者集中申报的标准是营业额，不是市场份额。赵占领表示，即使两家企业的市场份额之和超过二分之一，如果营业额之和不到20亿元、每家的营业额不到4亿元，一般也不需要去申报，除非根据《中国国务院关于经营者集中申报标准的规定》，收集的事实和证据表明经营者集中具有或者可能具有排除、限制竞争效果，中国商务部反垄断局可以主动调查。相反，即使市场份额之和达不到二分之一，但是符合营业额标准也需要去申报。

具体就滴滴收购优步中国而言，应该适用的是两家企业上一年度的营业额总和是否超过20亿元，每家是否超过4亿元。如果达到这个标准，需要事先申报并通过审查，否则不能收购。

不过，赵占领称，滴滴与优步中国的营业额指的是企业自己的收入，而不是平台上的交易额，因为订单中的交易金额全部或者大部分属于网约车司机，而不属于平台，不能计算为企业收入。不过因为双方均为非上市公司，财报不公开，所以不清楚是否符合申报标准。

此外，企业合并涉及到复杂的交易流程，从最初谈判、达成意向、签约到最终完成交割耗时很长，即使符合经营者集中的申报标准，一般也会在正式签约后才启动申报程序，而不是刚刚达成初步意向就进行申报、通过审查才进行后续的签约、交割。“滴滴宣布收购优步中国，可能还只是达成初步意向，或者刚刚正式签约，如果符合经营者集中的申报标准，接下来才会进行申报。”赵占领称。

赵占领透露，如果滴滴收购优步中国符合申报标准并向中国商务部反垄断局申报，中国商务部审查主要看这起收购是否会排除或限制竞争，目前网约车行业参与企业比较多，还有神州专车、易到用车，而且经营者集中的审查实践中，绝大部分都是直接通过，少部分是附加限制性条件，只有极少数案例是直接否决的。因为反垄断法原则上不反对企业通过正常市场经营以及合并等方式做大做强，甚至获得垄断地位，主要反对的是利用垄断地位从事排除竞争、限制竞争的行为。