Why farmers do not want to non-agriculture? People's daily: the importance of multiple requests
According to the daily news, recent media, Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei, the survey found, most pilot cities and the opening up of peasants to settle in, but "zero threshold" first settled farmers are reluctant to, the registered population urbanization rates are lower than expected. A survey recently released by the Chinese Academy of social sciences, also showed that about half of the migrant workers do not want to go to town in the Midwest, 66.1% said at a certain age in their hometowns of migrant workers.
Settled in to town, how many farmers used to be, now, why they do not want to "non-agriculture"?
It is said that city residents "gold content" than before. Farmers used public means that employment, education, health care and other basic public services do not enjoy the same treatment. Now things have changed, the city may not have the "iron rice bowl"; policy, their children are no longer under residence restriction; ncms and new farmers, the village doctor, pensions are secure. More importantly, in terms of development opportunities, the city is not the only channel up the rural population, as there are great opportunities in the countryside.
It is said that city's high cost of living, stress. Enter the city, cuisine yandu money, rice and oil, also the high price, in terms of social security, health care, it is difficult for citizens to enjoy the real treatment. In rural areas, there is a small piece of land, eat a year at no cost. With the accelerating new countryside construction, greatly improving rural infrastructure, a beautiful idyllic life, than in the city easier and more pleasant.
It is said that shed rural houses, land and other rights. In rural areas, land, House sites, such as returning farmland to forests, food subsidies, subsidies, is unique to rural residents, after the city settled in, those rights could lose. For example, land contracting, land, income distribution of collective rights do you want to keep, how to quit, how compensation, these also need to clear the system.
Farmers are reluctant to "non-agriculture" behind, reflects the diverse needs of farmers ' interests in the new era. In fact, the town is a spontaneous process, farmers into the city, which the city, farmers should be allowed to choose. Governments need to do is build a fairer system environment, so that everybody can enjoy equal public services, enjoy equal opportunities in development.
Attention to the urbanization behind the multiple requests, to break with the rural population settled in the institutional factors. First of all, to reduce the cost of peasant workers ' citizenization and further improve the system of urban housing, relaxation of the restrictions on migrant housing, the integration of migrant workers into all types of affordable housing within the system, and really reduce the economic cost of peasant workers ' citizenization. Second, breaking barriers urban-rural structure, more than "rural" and "non-rural" birthright, but also to promote public service Equalization of treatment. Again, to speed up the reform of property right system in rural areas and stabilize farmers ' expectations of rural interests, was not overtaken by peasants.
Many farmers are reluctant to "non-agriculture", no need to panic, because urbanization is a natural process, not the faster, the better. Adapt to urbanization and industrialization, and match the levels of development and economic strength. If this capacity is exceeded, will probably appear underemployment, increased poverty, serious polarization and other issues. Regardless of the actual, the blind pursuit of urbanization rate, replaced by the Government the wishes of farmers, farmer will appear "upstairs", "urban" phenomenon, peasant faces "can not go back to the countryside, melting into the city" awkwardness.
Urbanization is not shortcut "non-agriculture" behind the real-world challenges was urbanization policy issues that must be considered in the future. Was really in town by peasant "roots", and village life happier and more dignified. Such urbanization was a people-oriented of the urbanization and sustainable urbanization.
(Editors: Liu Cheng UN649)
2016-08-07 16:22:24
Surging
农民为何不愿农转非？人民日报：重视多元诉求
据人民日报消息，近日有媒体对安徽、四川、湖北等地调查发现，多数试点中小城市全面放开农民进城落户，但在“零门槛”前农民落户意愿不高，户籍人口城镇化率普遍低于预期。不久前中国社科院发布的一项调查也显示，中西部约一半农民工不想进城，66.1%的农民工表示到了一定年龄就回乡。
进城落户，曾经是多少农民的向往，现在他们为何不愿“农转非”？
有人说，城市户口“含金量”不如以前高了。过去农民变市民，意味着就业、教育、医疗等基本公共服务能享受不一样的待遇。现在情况变了，城里人也未必有“铁饭碗”；政策放开，子女上学不再受户籍限制；新农合、新农保，村里人看病、养老也有了保障。最重要的是，在发展机会上，城市已经不是农村人口向上发展的唯一通道，在农村一样有出彩机会。
有人说，城市生活成本高、压力大。进了城，菜米油盐都要钱，还要承受高房价，在社保、医疗方面，也难享受真正的市民待遇。而在农村，有一小块地，一年吃喝基本不花钱。随着新农村建设加快，农村基础设施大为改善，山清水秀的田园生活，比城里更轻松、更惬意。
有人说，舍不下农村房子、土地等权益。在农村，承包地、宅基地、粮食直补、退耕还林补贴等，是农村户口独有的，进城落户后，这些权利有可能失去。比如，土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权是否保留、如何退出、怎么补偿，这些还需要明晰的制度设计。
农民不愿“农转非”背后，反映出新时期农民利益的多元需求。事实上，城镇化是一个自发过程，农民进不进城，进哪个城市，就应该让农民自主选择。政府要做的是构建一个公平的制度环境，让人人能享受均等公共服务，享受平等发展机会。
重视城镇化背后的多元诉求，要破除阻碍农村人口落户的制度性因素。首先，要降低农民工市民化成本，进一步完善城市住房制度，放宽对农民工群体的购房限制，将农民工群体纳入各类保障房体系之内，真正降低农民工市民化的经济成本。其次，打破城乡二元结构藩篱，不止看“农”与“非农”的名分，更要推进公共服务待遇均等化。再有，要加快农村产权制度改革，稳定农民对农村权益的预期，让农民进城不瞻前顾后。
不少农民不愿“农转非”，大可不必惊慌，因为城镇化是一个水到渠成的过程，不是速度越快越好。城镇化水平应与工业化进程相适应，与发展水平和经济实力相匹配。如果超出了这个能力，很可能会出现就业不足、贫困人口增多、两极分化严重等问题。如果不顾实际，盲目追求城镇化率，用政府意愿替代农民意愿，就会出现农民“被上楼”“被城镇化”现象，让进城农民面临“回不去农村、融不进城市”的尴尬。
城镇化没有捷径，“农转非”背后的这些现实难题，是今后城镇化政策必须考虑的问题。既让进城农民真正在城里“扎根”，也让留村农民生活更幸福、更有尊严。这样的城镇化，才是以人为本的城镇化、才是可持续的城镇化。
(责任编辑：刘盛钱 UN649)
2016-08-07 16:22:24
澎湃