Introduction Court of juveniles sentenced to life online simulation gun: light punishment simulation guns | | | life imprisonment _ the crime of smuggling of arms news

Juvenile shopping replica gun sentenced

Recently, an illegal sale of firearms are lenient suspended sentence news caused concern. Shop air gun 1, bullet leaves a 964, applicable since July of this year's "confession renfa broad" system, was sentenced to three years probation for four years.

Liu wondered is why his son Liu Dawei has bought 24 replica gun, was sentenced to life.

On July 16, 2014, at age 18 Sichuan dazhou guy Liu Dawei, spent 30540 bought these imitation guns. 22nd of the month, that the gun-shaped objects were Lions customs anti-smuggling Bureau in Quanzhou, Fujian province, seized in a logistics company. On August 31, Liu Dawei, was detained on September 29, was arrested for smuggling weapons.

On April 30 last year, Quanzhou city intermediate people's Court sentenced Liu Dawei to life imprisonment on charges of weapons smuggling. Said in a judgement of first instance were identified, a total of 24 support "firearm" has 21 powered by compressed gas weapon, which has 20 injured, identified as firearm. On August 25, the Fujian Provincial higher people's Court rejected Liu Dawei's appeal and upheld.

Today, Liu Dawei, Zhangzhou city, were detained in prison.

　　More than 30,000 yuan shopping 24 replica gun

On August 31, 2014, the harvest season, Florida Liu Hangzhong villagers in Dazhu County of Sichuan and his wife go out early in the morning to find the Reaper, son Liu Dawei lying in snored in the House. "Wanted to call him down, and dismissed the idea. Not only, it was goodbye between father and son. "Liu said.

At noon the same day, Liu received the County Public Security Bureau said, his son was taken away. After rushing home, Quanzhou customs of local police and handed him a warrant that says, Liu Dawei for "arms smuggling."

Couple stunned: "my son playing little like toy guns, but cannot do anything but arms smuggling. "Two people aren't only can think of" doubt ", is the son of July 16 in line to" Taiwan seller "buy imitation guns.

Liu said Liu Dawei grew up loving toy guns, head hanging had more than 10, ranges from more than 10 to more than 100. On the ground, elders Yang will send the boys remote control car or a toy gun, this is not surprising. In addition, my son two years ago and had worked at a toy factory in Shenzhen, the factory also produced toy gun.

Net purchase imitation guns, the couple knows, "son and we grind many geniuses are allowed. I went with him on the day of Bank, 24, more than 30,000 more. "Liu Dawei's mother says stifle any other inquiry that followed, the money to buy a gun, is the son of jobs saved.

"The son was only imitation guns, power is very small, no difference with the usual collection of, harmless. Expensive, because the ' fine '. "In the eyes of Liu, son has been sensible obedient and never as toy guns and people unhappy.

　　Court with smuggling weapons and sentenced to life

Liu said Liu Dawei the previous collections of guns a lot, but are plastic bullets, playing out, even House birds on a telephone pole out of reach.

"Change occurs after the son to a toy factory in Shenzhen. "Liu recalled, one day in 2012, son picked up an advertising card near the plant, said replica gun collectors call. Liu Dawei curiosity, they played in the past. Say "imitation guns sold, factory work better than you. ”

July 2014, the other to Liu Dawei calling. He was at home waiting for conscription in Dazhu County, wanted to buy two collections, but says "20 put up for sale. "Liu Dawei saw imitation guns from the other pictures on the Web, more like, just ask parents advice.

Liu said, his son explained many times, "this is some fine imitation guns, used for collection. ”

The Court sentenced on charges of smuggling weapons, "life imprisonment" sentence, Liu Hangzhong couple hard to accept. He said, son just days after payment, the other person said "transaction cancelled", also points back to the money. "He doesn't even have this ' gun ' look see, how are characterized as ' smuggling '? ”

　　Focus tracking

　　A standard, gun

"Buy son confirmed just imitation guns, just fine, bring Collections. "Liu said imitation guns don't belong in connection with legal firearms, son, there is absolutely no smuggling deliberately.

Fujian province High Court judgement in second instance showed that non-standard about firing standard ammunition of firearms, in accordance with the provisions of the forensic science and identification criterion of firearm injuries, when the muzzle of the weapon than when the kinetic energy greater than or equal to 1.8 joules per square centimeter, are identified as firearm.

According to the procuratorial daily, March 1, 2008 implementation of the firearms injury force of forensic science and identification of criteria for establishing the "caused no casualties of non-standard firearm injury criterion into the muzzle than the kinetic energy of ≥ 1.8 joules per square centimeter" of standards. "Muzzle than the kinetic energy" refers to when the projectile out of the barrel, and around the muzzle kinetic energy and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the projectile.

Similar firearm identification standard in Hong Kong is 7.077 joules per square centimeter, in Taiwan were 20 joules per square centimeter.

Well-known military columnist, international law from Renmin University Dr, military and international politics critic j. m. Zhu, said in 2001, "Tong Zi [2001]68" files found that the wood firing trials, has a wounded muzzle than the kinetic energy of the corresponding value should be more than 16j/cm2.

Specifically, 16j/cm2 is a scientifically validated cause penetrating injuries to the human skin's minimum standards. In other words, by this standard, any can penetrate the skin, following damage to the skin of arms, were identified as firearms. From the data, the current standard nearly 10 times higher than in 2001, developed based on the 1.8j/cm2 kinetic energy is the bare minimum of harm to the human eye.

In other words, selling a gun can't even shoot through skin-object, under the existing management systems constitute the crime of illegal trade of firearms and ammunition. "If the mere sale of lethal little imitation guns or toy guns, harmful to society as a whole is not large".

　　Second, sentencing issues

Liu Dawei said at the time of Liu gang, adult, buy replica gun only as a favorite entertainment and non-profit, and did not receive the actual goods, as well as into social, minor, requested probation.

Fujian province High Court in second instance considered that, according to regulations, Liu gun as many as 20, are smuggling weapons, "particularly serious", and without any reduction, exemption from punishment, according to law shall be punishable by life imprisonment or the death penalty. "The trial has taken full account of discretionary circumstances of mitigation factors, light sentence Liu to life imprisonment and the punishment is proper. "Eventually maintain a life sentence of first instance trial.

In recent days, according to media reports, through the network to buy air guns 1, bullet leaves a 964, was sentenced to three years, suspended for four years and before that for the sale of 20 replica gun was accused of illegally trading, transporting firearms the toy Peddler Wang Guoqi, finally has been found not guilty. In August this year, also won the State compensation for 430,000 yuan.

For this type of imitation guns case "treat different sentence" phenomenon, Professor at Beijing University law school, and defence counsel CU Xin Liu Dawei called "too wide". In his view, the verdict in such cases, it seems to depend on the discretion of judges.

"Impose a light other factors judges will give more consideration to the case, and sentenced to heavy mechanical ruling of the judge only in accordance with the relevant provisions. "Xu Xin said that the judiciary following the standard firearms out of common sense at the moment Liu Dawei was sentenced to" life imprisonment "clearly falls within the severe punishment meted out to be acquitted.

"Prior to the current standard is the reference standard 1/16 in accordance with this standard, toy guns cannot play. The fact remains to be proved and Liu Dawei purchased a gun. ”

Mo Xiaoyu, an associate professor of criminal law at Sichuan University law school believes that gun-related crimes from a criminal law perspective belongs to the "statutory Commission", and theft, homicide and other "natural crime". From the original sense, the "statutory Commission" was not necessarily criminal, is dedicated to the legal provisions, for example, apart from the acquisition, the firearms qualifications outside the State, and any acquisition, possession of firearms, criminal.

So from a criminal law theory, determined that "statutory Commission" must demand the perpetrator is the intent. In other words only the suspect knowingly smuggling guns, manufacturing goods, constitute a crime. In this case, the perpetrator did not perceive they buy guns, he lacks a smuggling guns out of criminal intent. Therefore, if you found out that he was knowingly purchased firearms, you can't label it a crime. Actors from beginning to end in this case think you buy online simulation toy gun, if he has been using in his chat with the seller "toy guns" and "simulation" to refer to Objects, so the prosecution accused him of smuggling of firearms evidence was insufficient. He purchased online behavior for a specific device alone, is not sufficient to identify which constituted the crime of smuggling of firearms.

Mo Xiaoyu pointed out that in criminal law there is a principle called "modesty". The principle holds that criminal law is the last barrier, so the use of criminal law to be in the final. In this case, if the punishment due warning to the party, the Penal Code should be as conservative as possible, should not readily intervene. In the absence of evidence to prove that the perpetrator was knowingly purchased genuine cases, the law should make a judgment in favour of perpetrators.

Li Ming, a Beijing News reporter Zhou Jiaqi

Editor Li Xiaojin Zhao Lei

Proofreading Guo Liqin

Responsible editor: Liu Debin SN222

Article keywords:
Simulation of gun crime of smuggling weapons to life imprisonment

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少年网购仿真枪判无期引争议 法院：已从轻处罚|仿真枪|走私武器罪|无期徒刑_新闻资讯

少年网购仿真枪被判无期

　　近日，叶某非法买卖枪支被从宽判缓刑的消息引发关注。网购气枪1支、子弹964发的叶某，因适用于今年7月以来推行的“认罪认罚从宽”制度，被判处有期徒刑三年，缓刑四年。

　　刘行中想不通的是，为什么他的儿子刘大蔚因网购了24支仿真枪，就被判了无期。

　　2014年7月16日，时年18岁的四川达州小伙刘大蔚，花30540元网购了这些仿真枪。当月22日，该批枪形物被福建省石狮海关缉私分局在泉州某物流公司查获。8月31日，刘大蔚被刑拘；9月29日，其因涉嫌走私武器罪被逮捕。

　　去年4月30日，泉州市中级法院以走私武器罪判处刘大蔚无期徒刑。一审判决书中称，经鉴定，送检的24支“枪支”有21支以压缩气体为动力发射弹丸，其中有20支具有致伤力，认定为枪支。8月25日，福建省高级人民法院驳回刘大蔚的上诉，维持原判。

　　如今，刘大蔚被羁押于漳州市监狱。

　　3万多元网购24支仿真枪

　　2014年8月31日，丰收时节，四川达州大竹县村民刘行中和妻子一早就出门找收割机，儿子刘大蔚则躺在屋里打呼噜。“本想叫他一起下地，又打消了这个念头。没成想，这成了父子间的告别。”刘行中说。

　　当天中午，刘行中接到县公安局电话说，儿子被带走了。赶回家后，当地公安和泉州海关递给他一张逮捕证，上面写着，刘大蔚涉嫌“走私武器罪”。

　　夫妻俩懵了：“儿子的确打小喜欢玩具枪，但不可能干走私武器的事。”两人思前想后，唯一能想到的“疑点”，就是儿子7月16日在网上向“台湾卖家”购买仿真枪。

　　刘行中说，刘大蔚从小爱玩具枪，床头挂了十几只，从十几元到一百多不等。在当地，长辈们逢年过节都会送男孩子遥控车或玩具枪，这一点并不奇怪。此外，儿子前两年还曾在深圳一家玩具厂打工，厂里也生产玩具枪。

　　网购仿真枪的事，夫妇二人也都知道，“儿子跟我们磨了好些天才被允许。当天我跟他一起去的银行打款，24支，3万多一点。”刘大蔚的母亲胡国继说，买枪的钱，是儿子打工攒下来的。

　　“当时儿子说只是仿真枪，威力很小，跟平时收藏的没什么区别，不会伤人。之所以贵，是因为‘做工精致’。”在刘行中看来，儿子一直懂事听话，也从未因为玩具枪与人发生不快。

　　法院以走私武器判无期

　　刘行中表示，刘大蔚以前收藏的枪很多，但都是打塑料子弹的，打出去，连家门口电线杆子上的鸟都够不着。

　　“变化发生在儿子去深圳玩具厂打工以后。”刘行中回忆，2012年的一天，儿子在厂区附近捡到一张广告卡片，上面写着仿真枪收藏爱好者的电话。刘大蔚好奇，就打了过去。对方说“有仿真枪卖，比你厂里的做工好一点。”

　　2014年7月，对方给刘大蔚打来电话。当时他在大竹县老家等候征兵，就想买两只收藏一下，但对方说“20支起售。”刘大蔚在网上看到对方传来的仿真枪图片，越发喜欢，就征求父母意见。

　　刘行中说，儿子解释了很多遍，“就是一些做工精致的仿真枪，用来收藏。”

　　对于法院以走私武器罪判处“无期徒刑”的判决，刘行中夫妇难以接受。他表示，儿子付款后没几天，对方就通知说“交易取消了”，钱也一分不少地退回来了。“他甚至连这批‘枪’的样子都没看到，怎么就被定性为‘走私武器’了呢？”

　　焦点追踪

　　一、枪支标准

　　“买的时候儿子确认过只是仿真枪，只是做工精致些，拿来收藏的。”刘行中表示，涉案仿真枪不属于法律意义上的枪支，儿子也绝对无走私武器的故意。

　　福建省高院二审判决书中显示，对不能发射制式弹药的非制式枪支，按照《枪支致伤力的法庭科学鉴定判据》的规定，当发射弹丸的枪口比动能大于等于1.8焦耳/平方厘米时，一律认定为枪支。

　　据检察日报报道，2008年3月1日实施的《枪支致伤力的法庭科学鉴定判据》确立了“未造成人员伤亡的非制式枪支致伤力判据为枪口比动能≥1.8焦耳/平方厘米”的标准。“枪口比动能”是指弹丸出膛后、在枪口附近位置时具有的动能与弹丸横截面积的比值。

　　而类似的枪支鉴定标准，在香港是7.077焦耳/平方厘米，在台湾则是20焦耳/平方厘米。

　　知名军事专栏作家、中国人民大学国际法博士、军事及国际政治评论人朱江明介绍说，2001年，我国“公通字[2001]68号”文件认定，木板射击试验中，具有致伤力相对应的枪口比动能数值应在16j/cm2以上。

　　具体来说，16j/cm2是经过科学验证能对人类皮肤造成穿透性伤害的最低标准。也就是说，按此标准，任何能够穿透皮肤、对皮肤以下组织造成伤害的枪 械，均被认定为枪支。从数据上而言，目前的标准比2001年提高了近10倍，其制定依据是，1.8j/cm2的动能是对裸露人眼造成伤害的最低值。

　　也就是说，销售一支连皮肤都无法射穿的枪型物体，在现行管理制度中都构成非法买卖枪支弹药罪。“如果仅仅是销售杀伤力不大的仿真枪或玩具枪，对社会整体危害并不大”。

　　二、量刑问题

　　刘大蔚方面表示，案发时刘刚成年，购买仿真枪仅为个人收藏娱乐而非牟利，且并未收到实际货物，亦为流入社会，情节轻微，请求适用缓刑。

　　二审福建省高院则认为，依照规定，刘走私枪支多达20支，属走私武器“情节特别严重”，且无任何减轻、免除处罚情节，依法应当判处无期徒刑或死刑。“原审已充分考虑相关酌定从宽情节，从轻判处刘某无期徒刑，量刑适当。”最终维持一审无期徒刑的审判。

　　近日，据媒体报道，通过网络购买气枪1支、子弹964发的叶某，被判处有期徒刑三年，缓刑四年；而此前因出售20支仿真枪被指控非法买卖、运输枪支的玩具小贩王国其，也终于得到了无罪认定。今年8月，还获得国家赔偿43万元。

　　对于此类仿真枪案件“同案不同判”的现象，北京理工大学法学院教授、刘大蔚的辩护律师徐昕直呼“差距太大”。在他看来，此类案件的判决结果，似乎取决于法官的自由裁量。

　　“判得轻的法官会更多地考虑到案件其他因素，而判得重的法官就只是按照相关条款机械裁定。”徐昕说，眼下司法机关参照的枪支标准脱离生活常识刘大蔚被判“无期徒刑”明显属于重判，应无罪释放。

　　“现行标准是之前的参照标准的1/16，按照这个标准，玩具枪都不能玩了。而且刘大蔚购枪的事实依据还有待论证。”

　　四川大学法学院刑法学副教授莫晓宇认为，从刑法角度来讲涉枪犯罪属于“法定犯”，与盗窃、杀人等“自然犯”不同。从本来意义上讲，“法定犯”不一定是犯罪，只是法律作出了专门规定，例如除了有获取、持有枪支资格的国家机关外，任何人获取、持有枪支都算犯罪。

　　所以从刑法理论上讲，认定“法定犯”必须要求行为人是主观故意的。换言之只有犯罪嫌疑人明知走私、制造的物品是枪支，才构成犯罪。本案中，行为人并没有 认知到自己购买的物品是枪支，那么他缺乏一个走私枪支的犯罪故意。 因此，如果不能查明他是明知枪支而购买，就不能认定其为犯罪。本案的行为人至始至终认为自己在网上购买的是仿真玩具枪，如果他在与卖家的聊天记录中 一直用“玩具枪”“仿真枪”来指称购买对象，那么控方指控他走私枪支的证据是不足的。仅凭他在网上购买特定器械的行为，还不足以认定其构成走私枪支罪。

　　莫晓宇指出，刑法上有个基本原则叫”谦抑性原则“。该原则认为，刑法是最后一道关口，因此刑法的动用要放在最后。就这个案子而言，如果一般的治安处罚条 例能对当事人起到警戒作用，刑法应尽量保守一些，不要动辄介入。在没有证据证明行为人是明知真枪而购买的情况下，法律应做出有利于行为人的判决。

　　新京报记者 周佳琪 李明

　　编辑 李骁晋 赵蕾

　　校对 郭利琴

责任编辑：刘德宾 SN222

文章关键词：
仿真枪 走私武器罪 无期徒刑

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