Secrets of the world's first quantum satellite information security "ultimate weapon"
16th, was named "mo" quantum scientific experimental satellite China's first open the interstellar journey. It carries the Mission of the first stars to explore quantum possibilities and will verify the authenticity of the quantum theory in spatial scale for the first time. Quantum satellite's Chief Scientist, academician Pan Jianwei, quantum communication builds a connection if the ground in each city, each information point of transmission, "net", then quantum scientific experiment satellite as a net shot into space "Javelin". When this aspect of quantum world communications "world network" weave, in which vast amounts of information will come and go like a shadow, "and" unconditional "security.
Graphics are, according to Xinhua News Agency
[Revealed]
Information security of the "ultimate weapon"
Quantum science, very high for most people. But when it is connected to the information technology, it is closely related to us. In today's society, behind the massive dissemination of information is also rife with risks of information leaks. Quantum science provides information security with the "ultimate weapon". In quantum cryptography, quantum properties of an integral, not clones and uncertainty, so once you detect and avoid the eavesdropping must be sent.
"The traditional information security is dependent on complex algorithms, as long as the power is strong enough, no matter how complex the secret algorithm can be cracked. Can be absolutely secure quantum communication, is determined by the quantum nature of computing power also could not crack, it was revolutionary, but fundamentally, permanent address information security issues. "Pan Jianwei said.
The advent of quantum communication system, lighted building "absolutely secure" communications system to hopes. At present, the quantum communication the practical and industrialization has become the major powers scrambling to chase the target.
In an international race in quantum communications, part of China. After years of efforts, China has been among the ranks of world-class research on quantum information, Metropolitan quantum communication technology also in the world.
"Four kinds of weapons" challenge the four tasks
At present, no country in the world of quantum science experiments into space, there is no experience to follow development of quantum satellite, the process is fraught with difficulties and challenges.
Scientist in quantum satellite equipped with the independent research and development of "four kinds of weapons": machine, quantum entanglement quantum key communication transmitter, source of quantum entanglement and quantum control and processor.
Meanwhile, in the scientific application of surface construction system, Center for quantum science experiments include 1 centers--Hefei; 4 station--South Mountain, Lijiang, delingha, Xinglong, quantum communication ground stations;-1 platform-Ali quantum teleportation experiment platform. Satellites and ground stations together constitute the integrated vehicle and ground quantum science experiment system in two years will be carried out during the design life of the four tasks--star high-speed quantum key distribution experiment, wide-area communication network and star of quantum entanglement distribution experimental quantum teleportation experiments, to star.
Pan Jianwei introduced, experiment roughly is divided into three class: first class is for satellite and ground Zhijian of quantum key key distribution, achieved world Zhijian of security communications, if 4 a station any 22 Zhijian are can achieved security of communications, can achieved Group network; second class equivalent to put quantum laboratory moved to space, in space scale test quantum theory; third class is achieved satellite and ground thousand km volume level of quantum state stealth transmission.
Solved many technical problems
World of quantum science is very complex, of top test equipment requirements are unusually high. Pan Jianwei said satellite development process, the most difficult step is the payload, "overcome a lot of technical problems to win."
Source such as quantum entanglement, it is only the size of the set-top box, but critical, it can have entanglement, which is the source of quantum satellite in the air doing various experiments. Usual laboratory entanglement source volume is so great that researchers not only does miniaturization, and through a series of innovations making it meet the space requirements, at the international level was achieved for the first time.
Quantum satellites for precise control requirements are higher than ever before. Quantum satellite system architect Zhu Zhencai introduces quantum satellite flight, carrying two lasers to aim at two stations thousands of kilometers apart, left and right and at the same time transmitting quantum keys and optical axis on the satellite and the ground must always be precise alignment of the optical axis of the telescope, like on the satellite "tip" on the ground "tat".
Research team to conduct a variety of experiments and tests Super-far-distance "move the aiming target", and finally broke through to key technologies such as optical alignment stars, through the platform and load level control, alignment accuracy can reach 10 times of a normal satellite.
"Laser station the station was done, but a satellite aimed at two stations internationally as never before. If successful, at the international level is also the first time such a high precision tracking and station complement. "Said Wu Ji, Director of the national space science centre.
[Outlook]
"Quantum group" to lead the quantum Internet
At this moment, quantum flying satellites already in orbit. Its original conception, began more than 10 years ago.
In 2001, Pan Jianwei aged 31 to return from Europe, in ustc set up the laboratory of quantum information.
In 2003, when most people are still committed to the principle demonstration inside the lab, Pan Jianwei and his colleagues have already came up with "world" integration of preliminary conception of quantum communication network, "quantum scientific experimental satellite" is key in this node.
In 2005, Pan Jianwei team in the first 13 km in the world free-space quantum communications experiment, following confirmation of photons through the Earth's atmosphere, its quantum state can effectively maintain, which verifies the feasibility of satellite-ground quantum communication.
Then, they created "legends": 16 km free-space quantum teleportation, hundreds of kilometers of free-space quantum communication and Omni-directional ground experiments in quantum communication, star ... ... For Star quantum communication has laid a solid foundation.
After more than 10 years of development, China in the field of quantum communication has become a veritable powerhouse in the world. And that's more than 10 years, from conception, research, projects to the break, first quantum communication satellites and eventually became a reality in human history.
Pan Jianwei said, "mo" after the launch, if desired, also plans to launch the next step "Mo-second" "Mo-third". "Single LEO satellite cannot overwrite the global, and due to the strong sun light background, the current star of quantum communication can only be carried out at night. Quantum communication to achieve efficient globalization also need to form a network of satellites. ”
Next, a group of dozens of quantum satellite "bright star", quantum communication link with the ground "hand in hand", support "Earth-one" quantum communication networks.
Around 2030, China and strive to take the lead in global wide-area quantum cryptography network built. On this basis, building of information security "quantum Internet", form a complete quantum communication industry chain and next-generation information security eco-system of State sovereignty.
[Response]
The international scientific community, "like" quantum of China satellite
16th China successfully launched the world's first quantum scientific experiment satellite, the international scientific community who have the "compliments".
United States yalishanda·xieerjiyanke, a quantum physicist at Boston University, said: "the thing is really exciting, because it was the first such test, and therefore is of great significance to the world. ”
Adelian·Kente, a Professor of quantum physics at Cambridge University, he said: "I'm excited about quantum satellites China launched this. "He believes that this is to use quantum technology to build a global, secure communication network a" first step. " Kent also refers to the significance of China's satellites for international scientific cooperation, because the satellite project has Austria scientist partner. Kent said: "science is without borders, China and Austria this quantum scientists satellite project is testimony to get excited about. ”
Austria famous quantum quantum scientist Anton Zeilinger participated China satellite project, he thought Chinese satellite will drive the development of related areas in the world, because if a team success, then the other team will make it easier to get funding for quantum satellite.
Germany integrating quantum science and Technology Center Director tuomasuo·kalaerke said: "China has launched the world's first quantum satellite is of great significance in achieving global security of quantum communication has taken a decisive step on the road. ”
United States says quantum expert Wang Chen of the University of Massachusetts, involved in quantum communication by satellite, mainly carrying signal photons over long distances can be reduced losses in the transmission. Because unlike in a fibre and spread in the air than on the ground, photon propagation loss in space is smaller.
(Editors: Liu Cheng UN649)
2016-08-17 01:25:05
Modern gold
揭秘全球首颗量子卫星：信息安全的“终极武器”
16日凌晨,被命名为“墨子号”的中国首颗量子科学实验卫星开启星际之旅。它承载着率先探索星地量子通信可能性的使命,并将首次在空间尺度验证量子理论的真实性。在量子卫星首席科学家潘建伟院士看来,如果说地面量子通信构建了一张连接每个城市、每个信息传输点的“网”,那么量子科学实验卫星就像一杆将这张网射向太空的“标枪”。当这张纵横寰宇的量子通信“天地网”织就,海量信息将在其中来去如影,并且“无条件”安全。
图文均据新华社
[ 揭秘 ]
信息安全的“终极武器”
量子科学,对绝大多数人来说十分高冷。但当它与信息技术相连,就与我们每个人息息相关。当今社会,信息的海量传播背后也充斥着信息泄露的风险。而量子科学则为信息安全提供了“终极武器”。在量子保密通信中,由于量子的不可分割、不可克隆和测不准的特性,所以一旦存在窃听就必然会被发送者察觉并规避。
“传统的信息安全都是依赖于复杂的算法,只要计算能力足够强大,再复杂的保密算法都能够被破解。量子通信能做到绝对安全,是由量子自身的特性所决定的,计算能力再强也破解不了,因此它是革命性的,可从根本上、永久性解决信息安全问题。”潘建伟说。
量子通信系统的问世,点燃了建造“绝对安全”通信系统的希望。当前,量子通信的实用化和产业化已经成为各个大国争相追逐的目标。
在量子通信的国际赛跑中,中国属于后来者。经过多年的努力,中国已经跻身于国际一流的量子信息研究行列,在城域量子通信技术方面也走在了世界前列。
“四种武器”挑战四大实验任务
目前,国际上还没有一个国家将量子科学实验送入空间,量子卫星的研制没有任何经验可循,过程充满了困难和挑战。
科学家在量子卫星上搭载了自主研发的“四种武器”:量子密钥通信机、量子纠缠发射机、量子纠缠源和量子试验控制与处理机。
同时,在地面建设了科学应用系统,包括1个中心——合肥量子科学实验中心;4个站——南山、德令哈、兴隆、丽江量子通信地面站;1个平台——阿里量子隐形传态实验平台。卫星与地面站共同构成天地一体化量子科学实验系统,在两年的设计寿命期间将进行四大实验任务——星地高速量子密钥分发实验、广域量子通信网络实验、星地量子纠缠分发实验、地星量子隐形传态实验。
潘建伟介绍,实验大致分为三类:第一类是进行卫星和地面之间的量子密钥分发,实现天地之间的安全通信,如果4个地面站任何两两之间都可以实现安全的通讯,即可实现组网;第二类相当于把量子实验室搬到太空,在空间尺度检验量子理论;第三类是实现卫星和地面千公里量级的量子态隐形传输。
攻克了许多技术难题
天地量子科学实验非常复杂,对天地实验设备的要求也异乎寻常的高。潘建伟坦言,卫星研制过程中,最困难的环节就是有效载荷,“攻克了许多技术难题才拿下”。
比如量子纠缠源,它只有机顶盒的大小,作用却非常关键,它能够产生纠缠光,这是量子卫星在空中做各种实验的源头。平时实验室里纠缠源的体积非常巨大,研究人员不仅把它做到了小型化,还通过一系列的创新让它实现了满足空间环境要求,在国际上是首次实现。
量子卫星对精准控制的要求也前所未有的高。量子卫星系统总师朱振才介绍,量子卫星飞行中,携带的两个激光器要分别瞄准两个相距上千公里的地面站,向左向右同时传输量子密钥,且卫星上的光轴和地面望远镜的光轴要始终精确对准,就好比卫星上的“针尖”对地面上的“麦芒”。
科研团队进行了各种实验,考验超远距离“移动瞄靶”能力,最终突破了星地光路对准等关键技术,通过平台和载荷两级控制的方式,对准精度可以达到普通卫星的10倍。
“激光器一站对一站有人做过,但一颗卫星对准两个地面站国际上还从来没有过。如果成功的话,在国际上也是首次实现这么高精度的跟踪和地面站配合。”中科院国家空间科学中心主任吴季说。
[ 展望 ]
“量子星群”引领量子互联网时代
此刻,量子卫星已在太空轨道上翱翔。而它最初的构想,始于十几年前。
2001年,31岁的潘建伟从欧洲回国,在中科大组建了量子信息实验室。
2003年,当大多数人仍致力于在实验室内部的原理性演示时,潘建伟和同事们已经萌生了“天地一体化”量子通信网的初步构想,“量子科学实验卫星”正是这个构想中的关键节点。
2005年,潘建伟团队在世界上第一次实现13公里自由空间量子通信实验,证实光子穿透大气层后,其量子态能够有效保持,从而验证了星地量子通信的可行性。
随后,他们又不断创造“传奇”:16公里自由空间量子隐形传态、百公里级自由空间量子通信、星地量子通信的全方位地面验证实验……为星地量子通信打下了坚实基础。
经过十多年的发展,中国在量子通信领域已成为名副其实的世界劲旅。而这十多年间,从构想、攻关、立项到突破,人类历史上第一颗量子通信卫星终成现实。
潘建伟说,“墨子号”发射以后,如果效果达到预期,下一步还计划发射“墨子二号”“墨子三号”。“单颗低轨卫星无法覆盖全球,同时由于强烈的太阳光背景,目前的星地量子通信只能在夜间进行。要实现高效的全球化量子通信,还需要形成一个卫星网络。”
未来,一个由几十颗量子卫星组成的“璀璨星群”,将与地面量子通信干线“携手”,支撑起“天地一体”的量子通信网。
到2030年左右,中国力争率先建成全球化的广域量子保密通信网络。在此基础上,构建信息充分安全的“量子互联网”,形成完整的量子通信产业链和下一代国家主权信息安全生态系统。
[ 反响 ]
国际科学界“点赞”中国量子卫星
中国16日成功发射全球首颗量子科学实验卫星,国际科学界人士对此纷纷“点赞”。
美国波士顿大学的量子物理学家亚历山大·谢尔吉延科说:“这个事确实很让人激动,因为它是首次开展此类试验,因此对全球都有重要意义。”
英国剑桥大学量子物理学教授阿德里安·肯特,他说:“我对中国发射量子卫星这事感到很兴奋。”他认为,这是为使用量子技术构建全球性安全通信网络迈出的“第一步”。肯特还提到了中国卫星对国际科学合作的意义,因为这个卫星项目中还有奥地利科学家是合作方。肯特说:“科学是无边界的,中国和奥地利科学家合作的这个量子卫星项目正是让人兴奋的明证。”
奥地利著名量子科学家安东·蔡林格参与了中国量子卫星项目,他认为中国卫星会带动全球相关领域的发展,因为如果中国团队取得成功,那么其他团队将更容易获得对量子卫星的资助。
德国整合量子科学和技术中心负责人托马索·卡拉尔科说:“中国发射全球首颗量子卫星意义重大,在实现全球安全量子通信的道路上迈出了决定性的一步。”
美国马萨诸塞大学的量子专家王晨说,用卫星参与量子通信,主要是可以减少搭载信号的光子在远距离传输中的损耗。因为与在光纤和地面空气中传播相比,光子在太空中的传输损耗更小。
(责任编辑：刘盛钱 UN649)
2016-08-17 01:25:05
现代金报