China and the United States investigate coal-burning hazard: once a year information on 360,000 Chinese premature deaths caused by air pollution _ news |

Original title: China and the United States joint investigation of coal-burning hazard: China air pollution deaths

Information: on March 17, 2016, yellow alert launched heavy pollution in Beijing, Beijing street map under fog and haze.

US media said, China and the United States, researchers said 19th, all sources of air pollution in China, most serious health effects of coal-fired, coal-burning pollution caused premature deaths in 2013 to 366,000.

According to the United States the New York Times, August 19, according to researchers who published a study in Beijing, China's deadly fine particulate matter known as PM2.5 in the air about 40% from coal, these figures associated with Chinese scientists in recent years industrial coal-burning relationship with air pollution.

Reportedly, this peer-reviewed studies stems from one of China's top research universities, Tsinghua University and a cooperation project of the health effects Institute in Boston, the Institute from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the world automotive industry financing, the main purpose of the study was to determine the cause of premature deaths in China the major sources of air pollution.

Study of 155,000 deaths attributed to 2013 PM2.5 pollution substances from industrial coal-fired, coal 86,500 deaths attributable to coal-fired power plants. Research also concluded that using coal and biomass burning the family is another important reason for 2013 and cause disease, leaving 177,000 people were killed.

The researchers also found that traffic is an important cause of PM2.5-related mortality, in 2013 to 137,000 can be attributed to the cause of death. Chinese scientists have said in recent years, motor vehicle emissions are a major source of urban air pollution, although not as big as coal burning pollution contribution. The rapid increase in car ownership in China, officials and car manufacturers, oil and gas companies to set emissions standards dispute.

Reports that China's annual coal consumption is almost equivalent to the sum of the other countries in the world, coal is the largest source of air pollution in China, is China's largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gases are the main causes of climate change. Has one of the world's worst pollution in China's cities, iron and steel, cement and power plants are common in northern China provinces, these provinces the highest PM2.5 levels in the country.

However, China's coal consumption growth has been slowing down. Coal use from 2014 last year declined slightly, mainly because of the economic slowdown faster than many experts had expected. In addition, the Chinese Government announced in 2013 has three main population centers in the East plan to limit the use of coal, when concerns about air pollution has reached new heights.

Reports that according to this new study may take different policy, predict four possible scenarios, each show average PM2.5 levels will drop in the coming years. But the researchers said in the Executive summary of the report, "Although air pollution will be reduced, but with the increasing aging population, people more sensitive to air pollution is most closely connected with the disease, the overall health burden is expected to increase by 2030. ”

According to the study, even for coal use and to adopt the most stringent energy efficiency policies, coal for PM2.5 and health burden of China by 2030 will probably keep the first high.

Reported that the study was 2013 follow-up to the global burden of disease study, according to the 2013 global burden of disease study estimated that 2.9 million people in the world of premature deaths attributable to PM2.5, China, India and other developing Asian countries such premature deaths around the world 64%. PM2.5 in the environment as a result of premature death are also very high. 2013 a study on mortality estimates that in 2013, and ambient PM2.5-related premature deaths at 916,000, while China's population is 1.4 billion. Researchers found that outdoor air pollution is the fifth leading cause of premature death in China, the first four are the high blood pressure, smoking, excess salt and fruit to eat too little. Is the sixth leading cause of indoor air pollution.

An earlier global burden of disease study analyzed the health data of 2010, found that 1.2 million premature deaths attributable to outdoor air pollution, the deaths of the world's total number of deaths nearly 40%, environmental particulate air pollution 2010 is China's fourth-largest cause of premature death.

In 2013, headquartered in Paris, Organization for economic cooperation and development warned that "air pollution in cities by 2050, more than dirty water and lack of sanitation, as the world's death rate is the main environmental factors. "The group said, there will be up to 3.6 million people die prematurely each year due to air pollution, these deaths are in China and India.

Responsible editor: Sun Ailin SN146

Article keywords:
Air pollution

I want feedback
Save a Web page
Oriental NET

中国和美国调查燃煤危害:曾一年致36万中国人过早死亡|大气污染_新闻资讯

　　原标题： 中国和美国联合调查燃煤危害：系中国空气污染致死主因

资料图：2016年3月17日，北京重污染黄色预警启动，图为雾霾笼罩下的北京街道。

　　美媒称，中国和美国的研究人员19日表示，在中国所有的空气污染源中，燃煤的健康影响最严重，燃煤污染导致的过早死亡人数在2013年为36.6万。

　　据美国《纽约时报》网站8月19日报道，据研究人员在北京发布的一项研究，中国空气中被称为PM2.5的致命细颗粒物的约40%来自煤炭，这些数字与中国科学家近年来有关工业燃煤与空气污染的关系的说法一致。

　　报道称，这项经过同行评审的研究报告源于中国顶尖研究型大学之一的清华大学与波士顿的健康影响研究所的一个合作项目，该研究所有来自美国国家环境保护局和全世界汽车行业的资助，研究人员的主要目的是确定导致中国过早死亡的空气污染的主要来源。

　　研究把2013年的15.5万死亡归因于工业燃煤产生的环境污染物质PM2.5，把8.65万死亡归因于燃煤发电厂的燃煤。研究还得出结论称，使用煤炭和生物质的家庭燃烧是2013年导致疾病的另一个重要原因，造成17.7万人死亡。

　　研究人员还发现，交通是与PM2.5有关的死亡率的一个重要原因，2013年的13.7万死亡可归因于这个原因。中国科学家近年来表示，机动车排放是城 市空气污染的主要来源，虽然还没有燃煤污染的贡献那样大。中国的汽车保有量在快速上升，官员、汽车制造商、石油和天然气公司在制定排放标准上争论不休。

　　报道称，中国每年的煤炭消费几乎相当于世界上其他国家的总和，燃煤既是中国空气污染的最大来源，也是中国温室气体排放的最大来源，温室气体是气候变化的 主要原因。中国的城市有着世界上最严重的污染，钢铁、水泥和火力发电厂在中国北方省份很常见，这些省份的PM2.5水平在全国最高。

　　但是，中国煤炭消费的增长已开始放缓。去年的煤炭使用量与2014年相比略微下降，主要是因为经济的放缓比许多专家所预期的更快。此外，中国政府在2013年宣布了在东部三个主要人口中心限制煤炭使用的计划，那年人们对空气污染的担忧达到了新的高度。

　　报道称，这项新研究根据政府可能采取的不同政策，预测了四种可能出现的情况，每种都显示在未来几年中PM2.5的平均水平将下降。但研究人员在报告的执 行摘要中表示，“尽管空气污染会有所减少，但随着人口老龄化增加，人们对与空气污染关系最紧密的疾病更敏感，总体健康负担预计到2030年将有所增长。”

　　该研究称，即使对煤炭使用和能源效率采用最严格的政策，煤炭对PM2.5和中国健康负担的影响到2030年仍将可能保持第一高位。

　　报道称，这项研究是2013年全球疾病负担研究的后续工作，据2013年全球疾病负担研究估计，全球有290万人的过早死亡可归因于PM2.5，中国、 印度和其他亚洲发展中国家的这种过早死亡人数占全球的64%。环境中PM2.5所导致的过早死亡在东欧也很高。对2013年死亡率的一个研究曾估 计，2013年中国与环境PM2.5有关的过早死亡人数为91.6万，而中国总人口是14亿。研究人员发现，室外空气污染是中国过早死亡的第五大原因，前 四个分别是高血压、吸烟、过量食盐，以及水果吃得太少。室内空气污染是第六大原因。

　　一项更早的全球疾病负担研究分析了2010年的健康数据，发现120万人的过早死亡可归因于室外空气污染，这个死亡数占全球总死亡数的近40%，环境颗粒物污染是2010年中国过早死亡的第四大原因。

　　2013年，总部设在巴黎的经济合作与发展组织警告说，“城市空气污染预计到2050年，将超过脏水和缺少卫生设施，成为全世界死亡率最主要的环境原因。”该组织说，最多会有360万人每年可能因空气污染而过早死亡，这些死亡主要是在中国和印度。

责任编辑：孙爱林 SN146

文章关键词：
大气污染

我要反馈
保存网页
东方网