United States Government to hand over the rights to the Internet domain name administration? -Domain name DNS-IT information
United States Government authorities recently agreed to on October 1 will be formally handed over rights to the Internet domain name administration "global Internet community interest", thus ending United States tradition in the Internet domain name system management, completed nearly 20 years of the Internet's core resources in the privatization process. United States national telecommunications and information Administration said for a long time, United States Government's management of the Internet domain name system "to a foreign Government", arguing that in the management of the Internet, "the United States has a back door key".
Some countries have also called on the United Nations, the International Telecommunication Union or the establishment of a new Government agency to take over the management of the domain name system, calling on United States to hand over that power, and managed a multilateral Government-run mode. But for the United States Government decided that the United States some members of Congress objected.
It is understood that currently is responsible for the administration of Internet domain names is "the Internet Corporation for assigned names and numbers (ICANN)", which is a non-profit international organization was established in 1998, based in United States, California, but it is not a purely independent, not-for-profit organization, but according to United States Government contract was signed under United States Department of Commerce under the supervision of. At present, the institutions under the "Internet assigned numbers" on behalf of United States Government, such as IP addresses and domain names on the Internet.
It is understood that under the United States Department of Commerce and the "Internet Corporation for assigned names and numbers," signed contract will expire on September 30 of this year. Previously, ICANN's Chief Executive, has promised to put forward a "open and inclusive" transfer programme "will not endanger the security and stability of the Internet." Apply to transfer management of the Internet domain name system has gone through a number of processes:
In March this year, "the Internet Corporation for assigned names and numbers," the transfer proposal submitted to the authority.
In June, the United States Department of Commerce Agency national telecommunications and information Administration has initially approved a "Internet Corporation for assigned names and numbers" on the transfer proposal submitted, which meet the United States two years ago, the Government proposed handing over control of domain names "global Internet community interest" requirements.
Subsequently, the "Internet Corporation for assigned names and numbers," further implementation plan status report is submitted in accordance with requirements. United States national telecommunications and information administration assessment report on August 16, it was decided, would on October 1 give up control of the Internet domain name.
United States Government's "Internet assigned numbers" decided to have veto power means it's grip on the core resources of the Internet, so many countries have been calling for United States to hand over that power. However, the United States Government should give up control of the Internet's domain name system, in the United States has always been controversial in China and United States opposed by some members of Congress have been clear. However, the 2013 United States defense contractors, former employees of aidehua·sinuodeng disclosure United States Government secret surveillance of the Internet project, further deepened the concerns of States. Until 2014, the United States national telecommunications and information Administration announced that it would give up on "Internet assigned numbers" control.
美国政府为什么要交出互联网域名管理权？ - 域名,DNS - IT资讯
美国政府的一个主管机构近日同意将于10月1日将互联网域名管理权正式移交给“全球互联网多利益攸关社群”，从而结束美国在互联网域名系统管理中的传统，完成持续了将近20年的互联网核心资源私有化进程。美国国家电信和信息局表示，长期以来，美国政府对互联网域名系统的管理“一直让外国政府不满”，认为在互联网管理方面，“美国有一把后门钥匙”。
一些国家也曾呼吁联合国、国际电信联盟或设立一个新的政府机构来接管域名系统的管理权，呼吁美国交出这一权力，而采用多边政府运营的模式进行管理。但对于本次美国政府的决定，美国部分国会议员表示反对。
据了解，目前负责互联网域名管理的是“互联网名称与数字地址分配机构（ICANN）”，该机构是一家成立于1998年的非营利性国际组织，总部位于美国加利福尼亚州，但它并不是纯粹独立的非营利性组织，而是根据与美国政府签署的合同被置于美国商务部的监管之下。目前，该机构下属的“互联网数字分配机构”代美国政府管理互联网IP地址和域名等。
据了解，根据美国商务部与“互联网名称与数字地址分配机构”签署的合同将于今年9月30日到期。此前，ICANN首席执行官曾承诺将提出一个“开放、包容”的移交方案，“不会危害互联网安全与稳定”。其申请移交互联网域名系统的管理也经历了一些进程：
今年3月，“互联网名称与数字地址分配机构”提交了管理权的移交提案。
今年6月，美国商务部下属机构国家电信和信息局初步认可了“互联网名称与数字地址分配机构”提交的有关移交提案，认为其满足美国政府两年前提出的把域名管控权移交给“全球互联网多利益攸关社群”的要求。
随后，“互联网名称与数字地址分配机构”按照要求提交进一步的实施计划状态报告。美国国家电信和信息局评估报告后于8月16日正式决定，将在10月1日放弃对互联网域名的控制。
美国政府对“互联网数字分配机构”的决定拥有否决权意味着它对互联网核心资源的掌控，因此许多国家一直呼吁美国交出这一权力。但是，美国政府是否应当放弃对互联网域名系统的控制，在美国国内一直都有争议，美国一些国会议员对此一直明确反对。但是，2013年美国防务承包商前雇员爱德华·斯诺登披露美国政府秘密监控互联网项目，进一步加深了各国的担忧。直到2014年，美国国家电信和信息局才宣布将放弃对“互联网数字分配机构”的控制。