China human development report: inequalities still outstanding
Green line in Beijing on August 22, "through social innovation for inclusive human development" as the theme of the 2016 China human development report released in Beijing today. Confirmed China's achievements since reform and opening up, noting that China's widening income gap, unequal distribution of health care, educational opportunities, coordination and other problems of social and economic development, inclusive human development of future China will face a series of population ageing, the digital divide and a series of new problems and challenges.
The released of 2016 China human development report by China State Development Research Center provides research support, China and international experts common wrote and into, discussion has China increasingly highlight of development not balance problem, calls for China take social innovation promote inclusive sex development, not only to attention human development average level of improve, more to pursuit more equal of human development, narrowed different area and different groups between of human development gap.
Reports that China maintained a rapid economic growth over the past more than 30 years, has now become the world's second largest economy, in 2014, China's human development index ranked 90th in 188 countries, have entered the Group of countries with a high level of human development. From 1978 to 2010, the Chinese Government has successfully helped 660 million people out of poverty, net enrolment of school-age children in the past more than ten years of sustained stability in 99% and, in addition, China's average life expectancy has increased from 1980 to 67.9 years to 74.8 years old by 2010. Since its reform and opening in 1978, China has successfully implemented a series of reforms in social policy, multiple policy initiatives have been taken, the person due to the effects of policy, poverty reduction achievements, the precise poverty reduction and pro-poor policies of the characteristic industry promoting inclusive development in poor areas. Meanwhile, Beijing guide social organizations actively involved in the social public services, extensively mobilize social forces to participate in social governance.
Reports also pointed out that China still have a serious problem of inequality. With economic growth, China's rapidly expanding income gap, the Gini coefficient (the most widely used measure of inequality indices) high for a long time. Coordinated social and economic development of China and increasing income disparity, unequal opportunities for medical, education, life expectancy gap between different areas, such as Shanghai 80.26 years, while Tibet is 68.17 years; in addition, Qinghai, Guizhou high school gross enrollment rate is far below the national average.
Report predicts that in the coming period, inclusive of human development in China will also face a new set of difficulties and challenges, such as demographic changes, especially the aging and economic growth slowing, large-scale population movements, the public is expected to improve and the digital divide, and so on.
United Nations Development Programme resident representative and Deputy country director Wen Aijie believes that to resolve existing problems of inequality in China first to reform. She suggested the Government to change the social policy, transition from expansion to fusion, to balance social welfare, allowing people access to better health, education services, and different policies for different groups.
In addition, the report also considers that opportunities for economic growth, equity, social collaboration for inclusive human development in the future of China will be the three main drivers. Specifically, China should make efforts to promote inclusive social policy, extending coverage to ensure that benefit low-income groups. Secondly, innovation of social governance mechanisms and methods, increase participation, and to promote equality.
UN Assistant Secretary-General, United Nations development programme, the Assistant Administrator and Director, RBAP Director Xu Haoliang thought, the report tries to answer key issues of China's future development, inclusive features pointed out that China's development, but also in the development of China's existing problems and corresponding policy recommendations to promote inclusive development and international.
(Editors: Liu Cheng UN649)
2016-08-22 19:49:39
Surging
中国人类发展报告发布：不平等问题依然突出
中青在线北京8月22日消息，以“通过社会创新促进包容性人类发展”为主题的《2016年中国人类发展报告》今日在京发布。报告肯定了中国改革开放以来取得的成就，同时指出中国存在收入差距扩大，医疗、教育机会分配不均，社会与经济发展不协调等问题，预测未来中国的包容性人类发展将面临一系列如人口老龄化、数字鸿沟等一系列新的困难和挑战。
此次发布的《2016中国人类发展报告》由中国国务院发展研究中心提供研究支持，中国和国际专家共同撰写而成，探讨了中国日益突出的发展不平衡问题，呼吁中国采取社会创新促进包容性发展，不仅要重视人类发展平均水平的提高，更要追求更加平等的人类发展，缩小不同地区和不同群体间的人类发展差距。
报告称，中国在过去30多年经济保持了高速增长，目前已成为世界第二大经济体，2014年中国的人类发展指数在188个国家中列第90位，已进入高人类发展水平国家组。从1978年到2010年，中国政府成功帮助6.6亿人摆脱贫困，学龄儿童净入学率在过去十年持续稳定在99%以上，此外，中国人均预期寿命也从1980年的67.9岁提高到了2010年的74.8岁。自1978年改革开放以来，中国成功实施了一系列社会政策的改革，采取了多元政策举措，因人因地施策，减贫成效显著，精准扶贫与特色产业扶贫政策推动了贫困地区的包容性发展。同时，中国政府引导社会组织积极参与社会公共事业，广泛动员社会各方力量共同参与社会治理。
报告同时指出，目前中国不平等问题依然突出。随着经济增长，中国的收入差距迅速扩大，基尼系数（应用最为普遍的不平等衡量指数）长期较高。中国的社会与经济发展不协调，收入差距加大，医疗、教育机会分配不均等，不同地区间的人均寿命差距较大，如上海达到80.26岁，而西藏则是68.17岁；此外，青海、贵州的高中毛入学率远远低于全国平均水平。
报告预测，在今后一个时期，中国的包容性人类发展还将面临一系列新的困难和挑战，如人口结构变化特别是老龄化、经济增速趋缓、大规模人口流动、公众预期提高与数字鸿沟等等。
联合国开发计划署代理驻华代表兼国别主任文蔼洁认为，要解决中国现存的不平等问题首先要进行改革。她建议中国政府转变社会政策，从扩张向融合转变，平衡社会福利，让人们获得更好的将康、教育服务，并针对不同的群体采取不同的政策措施。
此外，报告还认为，经济增长、机会公平、社会协同将是中国未来实现包容性人类发展的三大主要推动力。具体来说，中国要着力提升社会政策的包容性，扩大覆盖面，确保中低收入群体受益。其次，创新社会治理的机制和方式，提高参与度，促进平等。
联合国助理秘书长、联合国开发计划署助理署长兼亚太局局长徐浩良认为，报告试图回答中国未来发展的关键问题，指出中国发展包容性的特点，同时也针对中国发展中存在的问题提出相应的政策建议，有利于促进国际和中国的包容性发展。
(责任编辑：刘盛钱 UN649)
2016-08-22 19:49:39
澎湃