Brief history of the expression: we were trapped in the Castle speak-look-IT information

":)" This is the first symbol in the history of human emotion, as early as 1982 by Scott e. Fahlman, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University in early on an electronic bulletin board used for "smile".

Since then, the human face as a symbol into text, developed a new way of expression. In the age of text-expression, expression is to convey an emotion, can be happy:) sad:-(, alarmed:-o, said with tongue out:-b.

Of course, this simple emoticons can only meet the broadband speed is measured in KB, the expressed needs of people, as the promotion of computer performance, simple punctuation expressions being Emoji for more intuitive picture expression instead. While the major social platforms but also in their own software for designing a picture expression, such as QQ expression appears, we express joy and anger were a yellow face.

Change of face to face

This expression has become when people communicate on the Web an integral part of, and you can even use Emoji express a complete expression. But recently there have been a very interesting trend, it's expression gradually was replaced by pictures and text expressions in the form of packages. Here's the thing, without expression, dialogue there is no law to go on.

This trend does not suggest that expression is to be replaced by the expression, because the two are different in nature. First of all to distinguish between: is a character expression, said in a text can be mixed emotions, objects, actions and so on; expression packet is transmitted as a picture, mostly with the facial expression of the characters as the theme, accompanied by text explaining.

Because the expression is stored as characters, so making facial expressions have a certain threshold of technology, developed by professional design teams. So the number of faces is fixed, although Emoji is open to the user submissions, but the approval process is also quite complex. Face Pack is pictures, everyone can use software such as Photoshop or Mito own production, so you can play around with it more in the mood.

Everyone can make face packs means that people's participation is higher, and facial expressions to express information more detailed. You can provide real-time information of the current need to express to make a face Pack.

In essence, expression and expression when the package is in communication with a symbol, because they are expressed in one or more meanings. Itself is derived from the conventional symbols appear, this is also conform to expression and facial features, because different people see the same faces can understand it's meaning.

United States symbols scholar Charles Sanders Peirce symbols are divided into three categories, namely, index (indexical), portraits (iconic) and symbolic (symbolic). Index type of symbol expression of is abstract of meaning, for example a ban parking of logo; portrait type of symbol expression of is more specific of appearance features, let people can according to portrait Lenovo to specific of things; symbol type of symbol is a metaphor rhetoric, it can let people Lenovo to symbol behind of deep meaning, for example pigeon symbol peace, because pigeon can let people Lenovo to Noah's Ark of story in the pigeon brings of peace message.

According to this classification, Emoji such expressions most of the time only express index and portraits-symbolic effect. Because the expression of a single amount not rich, are not enough to make people think of a story and the story of the metaphor. Of course, Emoji are reminiscent of the dove of peace, but it's just a few.

And most of the face Pack is a symbolic symbol, this symbol can bring to mind a well-known story, news, jokes, so that users and recipients can have a smile.

Why face gradually replaced the face?

As a symbolic expression expression will allow people to communicate more quickly and moved his fingers sent a face can express a few words and I can't finish information. Inherently fickle network communication, emoticons Pack became the preferred, of course.

Face Pack also has a role to defuse embarrassing, a plain-text "you chat dead days" expression "to say" this embarrassing event was made, then do you want to continue to talk about it really depends on whether there is a common language.

But can understand a certain expression in the "stem" that two people share a common language, this sense of isolation on the IQ makes dialogue the two sides had a "find similar" sense of dialogue can proceed more easily. Just like Twitter, "British no joke" fans will always be "old pink" and "new" distinction, because "old pink" can understand those who need a little IQ jokes, little of this or a little sense of humor, and "new" Sputters: it is not politically correct!

Similarly, to understand the implied meaning behind the expression can not distinguish between similar people, if you don't know what Ye Liangchen, Xiong Benxiong, and Fu Yuanhui in expression, please go back to the friends and family group from the blinking text expression package learn basic skills.

This illustrates a truth, that is, "few groups such as GE". At the same time, your students may be critical diffuse expression map; everyone in your group of colleagues expressed in GE lies the body was hollowed out; and your friends and relatives group, aunt and uncle with a toast, roses and Red stereo expressed wishes to each other.

Each group has its own unique cultural identity, and furthermore is a sense of identity, language, facial expressions are manifestations of this cultural identity. Expression on social networks, exposing people's basic properties, such as personality, taste, style, and so on, also made the same type of person with a sense of identity.

In an era of text-expression can only be used, humans invented the idiom and proverb to express a story and a reason. For example, behaviour, fish, simple four word floor is filled with paintings, because they are common, each recipient will head up its narrative scenes.

Expression can be said to be a contemporary idiom. As a symbolic metaphor, also corresponds to the story behind the expression, or as a "Terrier", people see a facial expression when the package is automatically brain supplement, your fingertips will complete a course of unutterable exchanges.

Face Pack is a new narrative, but previous studies have used

Once there are fears overly rich expression makes people described decrease, because it changed the narrative method, so that when we speak do not know how to express. Indeed, the expression while emphasizing the images or stories, but so often the information is updated in the Internet age, this story was soon forgotten, and its expression becomes a cliché. So look not like idioms being long-term use, no benefit to this narrative.

-After all this is a symbolic narrative problems, facial expressions and words, gestures, facial expressions, movements are described in symbols. But as a product of the Internet era, expression package features describes application requirements more in line with the people's symbol.

Yitaluo·kaerweinuo wrote of the invisible City when there is no network faces and facial expressions, but in this book, he describes a symbolic symbol plays a dominant role in the Exchange would be like after a pair of sight:

Journey finally take you to Tamara. You walk along the streets filled with signs on the walls on both sides entered the city, his eyes have not seen, but means other things image: teeth clamp said the dentist's, pot on behalf of pub, halberd on behalf of guard camp, the scales represent fruits and vegetables shop ... ...--(with one of the symbols of the city)

In fact mentioned in the Italo Calvino novel an expression more akin to something: the Tarot. In the destinies cross Castle, travelers were trapped in the Castle, and unable to speak, only through a deck of Tarot cards to tell stories as an escape, tarot images on the mix and sort of tells the story of a brigade each.

Calvino's writing these two books of his time in the 50 's to the 70 's, it was a postmodern writers are fed up with traditional structured narrative into narrative symbolic period. At this stage, the symbols used to tell a story is no longer confined to words, postmodern writers started to explore the narrative potential of symbols.

So you see, poker face Pack with this very postmodern. Sociologist qigemengte·baoman Postmodern Culture has been defined as: decentralized, sustainable change and digestion system. As everyone involved in the production and dissemination, so the expression is decentralized, as it continues to change with the addition of new meanings and. Regardless of stars or the national leaders can be made into expression package, which also includes a grade system, mainstream culture and discourse of banter and digestion.

表情包简史：我们被困在城堡中不能说话 - 表情包 - IT资讯

“：）” 这是人类历史上的第一个符号表情，最早于1982年由卡耐基·梅隆大学的教授斯科特·法尔曼在早期的电子公告板上使用，代表“微笑”。

从此，人类将表情作为一个符号引入文字中，形成了一种新的表达方式。在纯文字表情时代，表情所要传达的是一种情绪，可以是表示开心的: )，表示伤心的: -(，表示震惊的: -o，表示吐舌的: -b等。

当然这种朴素的符号表情只能满足宽带速度以kb计算时人们的表达需求，随着计算机性能的提升，简单的标点符号表情逐渐被Emoji等更直观的图片表情代替。同时各大社交平台也在自己的软件内设计了图片表情，例如QQ表情出现后，我们的开心和愤怒都被一个黄脸表达了出来。

表情向表情包的转变

这个时候表情就已经成为了人们在网络上交流时不可或缺的一部分了，你甚至已经可以用Emoji表情表达出一句完整的话。但最近出现了一个非常有趣的趋势，那就是表情逐渐被图片加文字形式的表情包代替。现在的情况是，如果不用表情包的话，对话根本就没有法进行下去。

这种趋势不能说明表情要被表情包所代替，因为这两者在本质上是不同的。首先来区别一下这两者：表情是一种字符，可以混杂在文字中表示情绪、物品、动作等；表情包是以图片形式传播的，多半是以人物的表情作为主题，配上文字加以解释。

由于表情是以字符形式存储的，所以制作表情有一定的技术门槛，多半由专业的设计团队开发。因此表情的数量非常固定，虽然Emoji开放了用户投稿，但其审核过程也相当复杂。而表情包是一种图片，每个人都可以用Photoshop或者美图秀秀等软件自己制作，所以它可以玩出更多花样。

每个人都可以制作的表情包意味着人们的参与度更高，而表情包能够表达的信息也就更细致。你甚至能为当前需要表达的信息即时制作一个表情包。

从本质上讲，表情和表情包都是人在交流时使用的一种符号，因为它们都表达了一种或多种意义。符号的出现本身也是来自于约定俗成，这也很符合表情和表情包的特征，因为不同的人看到相同的表情都能明白它表达的意思。

美国符号学者查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士将符号分成了三类，分别是索引式（indexical）、肖像式(iconic)和象征式(symbolic)。索引式的符号表达的是抽象的意义，例如一个禁止停车的标志；肖像式的符号表达的是更加具体的外貌特征，让人能根据肖像联想到具体的事物；象征式的符号是一种隐喻修辞，它能让人联想到符号背后的深层次含义，例如鸽子象征和平，因为鸽子能让人联想到诺亚方舟的故事中鸽子带来的和平讯息。

按照这种分类的话，Emoji这类表情大多数时候只能表达出索引式和肖像式的符号效果。因为单一的表情信息量不够丰富，还不足以让人联想到某个故事以及这个故事的隐喻。当然鸽子的Emoji也能让人联想到和平，但这只是少数。

而大多数表情包是一种象征式的符号，这种符号能让人联想到一个众所周知的故事、新闻或者段子，让使用者和接收者都能会心一笑。

为什么表情包逐渐取代了表情？

作为象征符号的表情包能让人在交流时更快速地表达，动动手指发出一个表情包就能表达出几句话也没法说完的信息。在本来就浮躁的网络交流中，使用表情包当然成了首选。

表情包还有一个作用就是化解尴尬，一个纯文字的“你又把天聊死了”表情包让“无话可说”这件尴尬的事情被挑明，随后要不要继续聊下去就真得看是否有共同语言了。

不过能够明白某一个表情包里的“梗”就能说明两个人有共同语言，这种智商上的隔离感让对话双方有一种“找到同类”的感觉，对话自然可以更轻松地进行下去。就像微博上“英式没品笑话”的粉丝总会以“老粉”和“新粉”作区分，因为“老粉”能看懂那些稍微需要一点智商、一点知识或一点幽默感的段子，而“新粉”会气急败坏地说：这太不政治正确了！

同样，能够看懂一个表情包背后所隐含的意思能够将非同类人区分开来，如果你不知道叶良辰、熊本熊和傅园慧到底在表达什么的话，请回到亲友群里从闪烁文字表情包中学习学习基本功。

这说明了一个道理，那就是“隔群如隔山”。在同一个时刻，你的同学群里可能正在用暴漫表情包斗图；你的同事群里大家都在用葛优躺表达身体被掏空了；而在你的亲友群里，姨妈姑父们在用举杯、玫瑰花和红色立体字互相表达祝福。

每个群体都有属于自己独特的文化认同，进而言之就是身份认同感，语言习惯、表情包就是这种文化认同感的表现形式。表情包在社交网络上暴露了人们的基本属性，例如性格、品味、语言风格等，也让同一类人有了身份认同感。

在只能用纯文字表达的时代，人类发明了成语、谚语来表达一个故事或者一个道理。例如叶公好龙，缘木求鱼，简简单单四个字却满满地都是画面感，因为它们是约定俗成的，每个接受者都会脑补其叙事场景。

表情包可以说是一种当代的成语。作为一种象征隐喻，表情包背后也有对应的故事，或者说是一个“梗”，人们看到一个表情包时就会自动脑补其场景，弹指之间便完成了一个只可意会不可言传的交流过程。

表情包是一种新的叙述方式，但前人已经用过

一度有人担心过于丰富的表情包会让人们的叙述能力降低，因为它改变了我们的叙述手段，让我们在正常说话时不知道该如何表达。的确，表情包虽然强调画面或者故事，但在信息更新如此频繁的互联网时代，这种故事多半是很快就会被人遗忘的，从而它的表情包也就变成了陈词滥调。所以表情包不会像成语一样被人长期使用，这对叙述来说根本没有好处。

归根结底这还是一个符号-叙述的问题，表情包和文字、手势、面部表情、动作一样都是叙述的符号。但作为网络时代的产物，表情包的特征更符合人们对符号叙述的应用需求。

伊塔洛·卡尔维诺在写《看不见的城市》时还没有网络表情和表情包，但他在这本书中大致描述了象征式符号在交流中占据主导地位后会是什么样一副光景：

旅途终于把你带到了塔马拉。你沿着两边墙上挂满招牌的街巷走进城市，眼中所见的不是物品，而是意味着其他事物的物品的形象：牙钳表示牙医诊所，陶罐代表酒馆，戟代表卫队营地，天平代表蔬菜水果铺……——（城市与符号之一）

事实上卡尔维诺在另外一部小说中提到了一种更类似于表情包的东西：塔罗牌。在《命运交叉的城堡》中，旅人们被困在城堡中并且不能说话，只能通过一副塔罗牌讲故事解闷，塔罗牌上的图像在组合和排序中讲述出旅人们各自的故事。

卡尔维诺写作这两本书的时间是上世纪50年代到70年代，那是一个后现代主义作家们都已经厌倦了传统结构叙事而转向将叙事符号化的时期。在这个阶段，用来讲故事的符号不再局限于文字，后现代主义作家纷纷开始发掘符号的叙事潜力。

所以你看，表情包其实也带着这种浓厚的后现代色彩。社会学家齐格蒙特·鲍曼曾将后现代文化定义为：去中心化、持续变化的、消解等级制度。由于人人都能参与制作和传播，所以表情包是去中心化的，同样它也是随着新含义的加入而持续变化的。而不管是明星还是国家领导人都能被制作成表情包，这本身也包含着一种对等级制度、主流文化和话语体系的戏谑和消解。