G20 how unique? _ News

Wang Xiaohui, China network Editor

After the end of World War II, is an urgent task facing the international community is to establish a new international order. The United Nations came into being, opening the road to explore contemporary global governance.

For 70 years, in the framework of the United Nations, various types of international organizations have been established, and corresponding norms, mechanisms and arrangements are endless. There are two cornerstones of the post-war international economic order--the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, has been called the "economic United Nations" of the WTO, focusing on Asian infrastructure investment on regional development banks and the BRIC development banks ... ... And, of course, also in Hangzhou, China, including the upcoming summit of the Group of 20 (G20).

Since its inception the G20 (starting from its predecessor, the G7), has lived for 20 years. For 20 years, G20 in dealing with the financial crisis, seeking cooperation, plays a unique role in promoting global governance, more and more attention by the international community. In a number of international organizations and multilateral mechanisms for coordination and cooperation in the G20 how unique, highly-anticipated?

Product, the G20 is the demand of the times

Although peace and development is shared by all of society, but in reality national interests, ideologies and religious beliefs of contradiction to the State of cooperation and development has brought enormous obstacles, particularly between America and the Soviet Union, that is, between the Warsaw Pact and NATO for more than 40 years of "cold war", forming a "hemispheric governance", "global confrontation" of the world. The "cold war" is over, the theme of peaceful development of the world, but the recession, financial crisis, regional conflicts are still frequent, especially in recent years, the world-wide financial crisis, the global economy down to the bottom of, influence has not entirely eliminated. In the context of globalization, the international community needs a wide range of effects, strong representation of high level dialogue mechanism to discuss the response to the crisis, seeking to promote cooperation so as to achieve the goal of global governance. This is the historical background of the G7 then G20.

Second, the G20 has a high degree of flexibility

Set in a different way with the United Nations system, the G20 is not an international organization in the strict sense, but rather an informal dialogue aimed at seeking cooperation, to meet the challenges of the multilateral mechanisms. Also are for so, G20 only has has is different from Yu other international organization of height flexibility, in should various actual problem Shi has more big of swing room, can beyond bilateral, and multilateral, and regional and theme of limit, discussion world range within of political, and military, and economic, and financial, field of problem, from fast should global financial crisis to for specific industry developed long-term planning, times adjustment gravity, made has good of effect.

Third, G20, authority and influence

Take a look at the composition of the G20 can be found, this is a country played a great influence in world affairs portfolio, 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council, the top 5 in the world economy, world's top 5 country, 5 large emerging-market countries around the world (BRICS), in it.

G20 member countries covering five continents in the world, and its combined GDP accounted for 90% of the global economy, trade accounted for 80% of the world and its population is 2/3 per cent of the world population. Such a large weight, makes the G20 made sense to replace the G7, become the main forum for global economic cooperation.

Then take a look at the G20 working mechanism: in addition to focal point meetings, meetings of the Working Group have foreign ministers, Finance Ministers, Central Bank Governors meeting, a dialogue--until the last of the 20 heads of State Summit. No exaggeration to say, the G20 Summit is the leaders of the world's 20 most influential dialogue. Such heavyweight dialogue will, of course, have a major impact on the world's financial and trade, of course, will draw attention of the world.

Four, G20, the diversity and inclusiveness

G20 countries by region, income-level, political affiliation, economic structure and population vary widely, participate in the G20 group further increased the diversity of points of view. The different paths of development of each country, are at different stages of development, so there are more places to share and learn from each other.

Although the G20 cannot be compared with the United Nations and the World Bank, but its inclusion is enormous. Asian Investment Bank to focus more on regional development; "the BRICs" is part of the emerging market countries own coordination mechanisms; Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the area of peace and stability on top of concern; as for the TPP (trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement) is a United States and a few other countries to get rid of the existing mechanisms and make exclusive groups. This shows that the G20 in terms of coverage, concerns, is also from the perspective of representation, is the most inclusive and inclusive features dialogue mechanism, which is one of the important by the attention and trust of the international community.

Five, to China for joining the emerging-market countries, greatly enhance the representation and influence of G20.

The original group of seven includes the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, Canada, are among the developed countries, development models are similar, are in the United States and Europe, was believed to be made up of developed countries "rich man's Club", is not representative. What's more, in the context of globalization, few developed countries are simply unable to cope with the global financial crisis, providing solutions for economic development.

China and India, and South Africa and other new members joined, expanding the impact and coverage of the G20. China and other BRIC countries join, more G20 economies, trade, population and other indicators of global GDP growth 37.6%, in 2014, China's contribution to world economic growth is 27.8%, in 2015, China slowing domestic economic growth, but for global economic growth rate at around 30%.

In addition to the contribution to economic growth, and China and the emerging market countries at the G20 brings success stories and failures as well as the broader issues of global governance. In addition, China can also take advantage of its Presidency and the Summit's host status, and 30 years of rapid development of Oriental wisdom experience and set of lessons into topics and discussion, provide China programme for the development and cooperation in the world economy.

There are 10 days, the G20 Summit is about to begin, the eyes of the world turn to Hangzhou. Oriental wisdom, how the G20, China play a bigger role in the new historical period, will become the focus of the international community.

Responsible editor: Qiao Leihua SN098

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G20何以能独树一帜？_新闻资讯

　　王晓辉 中国网总编辑

　　第二次世界大战结束之后，国际社会面临的迫切任务就是建立新的国际秩序。于是联合国应运而生，开启了当代全球治理的探索之路。

　　70年来，在联合国大的框架下，各种类型的国际组织相继成立，与之相对应的规范、机制和安排也层出不穷。有战后国际经济秩序的两大基石——国际 货币基金组织和世界银行，有被称为“经济联合国”的WTO，有重点关注区域发展的亚洲基础设施投资银行和金砖国家开发银行。。。。。，当然，还包括即将在 中国杭州举办峰会的20国集团（G20）。

　　G20自成立以来（从其前身G7算起），已历经20个年头。20年来，G20在应对金融危机，寻求合作发展，促进全球治理方面发挥着独特的作用，越来越多地受到国际社会的关注。在众多的国际组织和多边的协调与合作机制中，G20为何能够独树一帜，备受瞩目呢？

　　一、G20是时代需求的产物

　　尽管和平与发展是人类社会共同的期待，但现实中国家利益、意识形态和宗教信仰的矛盾给国家间的合作与发展带来了巨大的障碍，特别是美苏之间，也 就是华约与北约之间长达40多年的“冷战”，形成了“半球治理”、“全球对峙”的世界格局。“冷战”结束之后，和平发展成了世界的主旋律，但经济衰退、金 融危机，地区冲突仍然频发，尤其是近年来世界范围的金融危机，把全球的经济压到谷底，影响至今尚未完全消除。在全球一体化的背景下，国际社会亟需一个范围 广、影响大、代表性强的高端对话机制，来讨论应对危机，寻求推进合作，从而实现全球治理的目标。这就是G7即后来的G20产生的历史背景。

　　二、G20具有高度的灵活性

　　与联合国的体制设定方式不同，G20并不是一个严格意义上的国际组织，而是一个旨在寻求合作、应对挑战的多边非正式对话机制。也正因如 此，G20才具备了有别于其它国际组织的高度灵活性，在应对各种实际问题时有更大的回旋余地，可以超越双边、多边、区域和主题的限制，探讨世界范围内的政 治、军事、经济、金融等领域的问题，从快速应对全球金融危机到针对具体行业制定长期规划，与时俱进调整重心，取得了良好的效果。

　　三、G20的权威性与影响力

　　看一看G20的构成就可以发现，这是一个在世界事务中发挥着巨大影响力的国家的组合，联合国安理会5大常任理事国，世界排名前5位的经济体，世界人口排名前5位的国家，世界5大新型市场国家（金砖五国），均在其中。

　　G20成员国家涵盖了世界五大洲，其GDP总和占全球经济的90%，贸易额占全球的80%，人口也占到世界总人口的2/3。如此之大的权重，使得G20顺理成章地取代了G7，成为全球经济合作的主要论坛。

　　再看一看G20的工作机制：除协调人会议、工作组会议还有外长、财长、中国中央银行行长会议，一直到最后的20个国家元首的对话——首脑峰会。毫不夸张 地说，G20峰会是世界上20个最有影响力的领导人的对话。如此重量级的对话，当然会对世界金融、贸易产生重大影响，当然会让世界瞩目。

　　四、G20的多样性与包容性

　　G20国家所处地区、收入水平、政治立场、经济结构和人口差异巨大，参与到G20中的各种团体更进一步增加了观点的多样性。各个国家的发展路径不同，所处的发展阶段不同，因此也有更多可以相互分享和借鉴的地方。

　　G20的规模虽不能与联合国和世界银行相比，但其包容性却是巨大的。亚投行更多地关注区域的发展；“金砖五国”则是部分新兴市场国家自身的协调机制；上海合作组织将地区的和平稳定放在关注的首位；至于TPP（跨太平洋伙伴关系协定）更是美国等少数国家为了摆脱现有机制，另起炉灶的排他性小集团。由此可见，G20无论从涵盖面、关注点，还是从代表性方面看，都是最具包容性和普惠特征的对话机制，这也是它受到国际社会瞩目和信赖的重要原因之一。

　　五、以中国为代表的新兴市场国家的加入，极大地提升了G20的代表性和影响力。

　　原本的七国集团包括美、英、法、德、日、意、加，均属于发达国家，发展模式相近，又大都处于欧美地区，因此被认为是由发达国家组成的“富人俱乐 部”，不具有代表性。更何况，在全球一体化的形势下，几个发达国家根本没有能力应对世界范围内的金融危机，为经济发展提供解决方案。

　　中国和印度、南非等其它新成员的加入，扩大了G20的影响力和涵盖范围。中国和其它金砖国家的加入，更是让G20的经济总量、贸易总额、人口总 数等多个指标上成为了全球GDP增长量的37.6%，2014年，中国对世界经济的增长的贡献为27.8%，2015年，中国国内经济增长放缓，但对全球 经济增长的贡献率仍在30%左右。

　　除了对经济增长的贡献之外，中国和新兴市场国家还为G20带来了成功的经验和失败的教训以及全球治理更加广泛的议题。另外，中国还可以利用其主 席国和峰会东道主的地位，将东方智慧和三十年高速发展的经验和教训融入议题的设置和讨论中，为世界经济的发展与合作提供中国方案。

　　还有10天，G20峰会即将拉开帷幕，全世界的目光会投向杭州。东方智慧、中国方案如何让G20在新的历史时期发挥更大的作用，必将成为国际社会关注的热点。

责任编辑：乔雷华 SN098

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