Why drop, Uber in Japan do not rise? -Drop, step-IT information

Japan on the introduction of new legitimacy, security and other aspects of repeated argument. Strict management of the taxi industry to the extent of demanding.

Rigorous examination qualification

Fukuoka high step March 2015 (Uber) is one example. Last February, and software in Japan take a taxi Western City of Fukuoka, launched a pilot project, through excellent contacts in the area of General truck drivers, which shuttle guests like a taxi, but not to charge passengers. Later steps will vary depending on driving time, and payments to registered drivers, driver and allegedly received tens of thousands of yen a week.

But only a month later, Japan Ministry of land and Transport Ministry stopped the service, on the grounds that doing so violated the Japan of the road transport Act, because the law on taxi's market rules and qualification of drivers is strictly regulated.

First of all, Japan of taxi companies have set up a strict licensing system. Have to go through complicated application and review, in line with many specific terms and conditions, by the land and Transport Ministry or the main branch after examination and approval of the city, was able to get a business license. For individuals to apply for taxi operations, more demanding conditions. Apply for individual taxi licences, passenger vehicles must have at least 5 years driving experience and no violation within 5 years of accident-free.

If there are no more than 5 years of experience in passenger vehicles, must have at least 10 years driving experience, and there have been no accidents in the past 10 years and illegal, on this basis and to attend taxi license examination. Secondly, vehicle inspection, insurance, health has strict standards. If private cars engaged in operational activities, not only suspected of tax evasion, and in case of traffic accidents, treatment, compensation and other issues would be difficult to deal with. Japan private cars are not allowed to engage in business operations.

Since then, started to provide taxi service in Tokyo in second half of last year, but it is working with local taxi operators, only Japan one of several taxi taxi software.

Taxi software service

Japan has several taxi car software, not only American, British Department of Hailo, and local national wireless service, the Tokyo radio hire, KM and so on. China micro-letters of a social software in LINE with LINE TAXI about vehicle features, focus its promotion is convenient, fast, safe and comfortable. According to a street survey conducted at the end of last year, 57.7% people have used national car rental software, 44.2% people have used the special about software for taxi companies, 42.3% used the LINE about car TAXI software.

The Japanese used a software called "national rental car", the developer is the largest taxi company Japan Digital Service Center under the traffic. The software uses smart phone and map makes it easy to complete the booking. After you download and install this software, click on the "now", mobile phone users will be displayed on the map the exact location, you can also use text marking requirements reached the position of the vehicle within 15.

In the destination column can click on the exact location on the map, or you can enter your destination number in words. The advantage of doing so is omitted to indicate to the driver location, passengers boarded the bus to change where there is no problem of course. About instruction, will soon reply received in drivers nearby, including taxi companies, the driver's name, car time. Car running track ID appears on the map.

This software also has a number of subsidiary option, if the number of passengers, about the number, and so on. Tokyo has more than taxi company, passengers with software Shi also can according to himself of preferences, select a company vehicles; fare a bar in the can estimates out the lane of is expected to price; about car history records a bar records with himself past of about car situation, if is common locations of common line, click a history records can again about car; if is from home to company or from home to hospital, common fixed route, also can preset a key set function, such yihou about car Shi a key get.

Settlement also have a number of options, with the exception of cash disbursements, can brush bus "card" can be bound in their mobile phone credit card, billing information from get off as long as the driver click OK can. Reporters found that several taxi software is available in different languages, Chinese, English has almost become standard. This is in recent years Japan tourism, infrastructure for foreign tourists.

Japanese sense of business everywhere, some software has also led to taxis combined with new advertising company. September 2015, Tokyo of Japan traffic taxi company and Japan top advertising company Bo reported Hall cooperation, in Japan traffic rental distribution car software in the loaded has video advertising, passengers sat car Hou, taxi software in upload about car success information of while, will received rental company sent to of variety advertising information, passengers as long as browse these advertising, according to browse Shi long can received 20 yen to 50 yen of taxi offers coupons, can in next taxi in the using. People in Tokyo by taxi 20 minutes on average, advertising is set in 18 minutes. By the end of 2015, the software has been downloaded 1.6 million times.

Taxi driver income

Japan taxi drivers pay system is different from China, usually the percentage of base salary and revenue, revenues more and more income. The floor of the taxi company and the Commission rate varies, although a few highly paid exceptions, but overall income of taxi drivers is not high, the average monthly income of less than 300,000 yen, earning 3.1 million to between 3.5 million yen.

Japan taxi driver is hard work, about 200 hours of work a month on average, so few young people a taxi, many drivers are 60 years old or older. 2014 Japan taxi drivers aged for an average of 58.6 years, drivers are mainly low-income groups with reemployment after retirement.

Japan taxi service is good, but the price for many people. At present, Tokyo taxi fares for 2, 730 yen (about 40 million), after 2 km each of over 280 meters increasing 90 yen, converted around 16 yuan per kilometer. After 11 o'clock at night until the next morning, many taxis also to 30% late-night service charge. Taxi price is empty so serious.

In early August, Japan Ministry of land and Transport Ministry announced in Tokyo's busy Shimbashi station, Asakusa Station to implement lower start price pilot, set sail from 1059 m costs 410 Yen in early in order to improve the taxi fare rates, convenient for elderly people, foreigners, the luggage of passengers taking a taxi. Allegedly, if the pilot is effective, the rental industry progressively rolled out across the country.

为什么滴滴、Uber在日本做不起来？ - 滴滴,优步 - IT资讯

日本对新生事物的引进都要从合法性、安全性等多方面反复论证。对出租车行业的管理之严格到了近乎苛刻的程度。

严格审查经营资格

2015年3月的福冈优步(Uber)事件就是一个例证。去年2月份优步软件在日本西部城市福冈推出了试点打车项目，用户通过优步应用联系该地区的普通车司机，后者像出租车一样接送客人，但不向乘客收取费用。事后优步会根据驾驶时间等向注册司机支付报酬，据说有些司机每周能获得数万日元。

但仅一个月后，日本国土交通省就叫停了这项服务，理由是优步这样做违反了日本的《道路运输法》，因为该法律对出租汽车的入市规则和驾驶员的资质有严格规定。

首先，日本对出租汽车公司设立有严格的许可制度。必须通过繁琐的申请和审查，符合众多特定规定和条件，经国土交通省或各主要城市的分支机构审查批准后，才能够拿到营业执照。对个人申请出租汽车运营业务，条件更为苛刻。申请个体出租汽车运营执照，必须拥有5年以上的客运车辆驾驶经历，且5年内无事故无违章。

如果没有5年以上的客运车辆驾驶经验，必须拥有10年以上驾龄，且在过去10年中没有发生过交通事故和违章，在此基础上还要参加个人出租汽车运营执照考试。其次，对车辆的车检、保险、卫生等都有严格标准。如果私家车从事运营活动，不但涉嫌偷漏税，而且一旦发生交通事故，治疗、赔偿等问题将难以处理。所以日本私家车是绝对不允许从事商业运营的。

此后，优步于去年下半年在东京开始提供叫车服务，但它是与当地出租车运营商合作的，也只是日本多个出租车打车软件之一。

打车软件多服务好

日本有多款出租车约车软件，不仅有美系的优步、英系的Hailo，还有本土的全国无线配车、东京无线出租、KM出租等。相当于中国微信的一款社交软件LINE中也附带LINE TAXI约车功能，其推介重点都是方便、快捷、安全、舒适。据去年底的一项街头调查，57.7%的人用过全国出租配车软件、44.2%的人用过各出租车公司专用约车软件，42.3%的人用过LINE TAXI约车软件。

日本人常用的一款软件叫做“全国出租配车”，开发商是最大的出租汽车公司日本交通下属的数字服务中心。该软件利用智能手机和电子地图，可轻松完成预订。下载并安装此软件后，点击“现在叫车”，手机地图上就会显示用户所处的准确位置，也可以用15个以内文字标明要求车辆到达的位置。

在目的地一栏可以在地图上点击准确位置，也可以用文字输入目的地门牌号。这样做的优点是省略了当面向司机说明地点，当然乘客上车后临时改变去向也没有问题。发出约车指令后，很快就会收到在附近的司机回复，包括出租车公司、司机姓名、来车所需时间等。地图上会出现汽车运行轨迹标识。

此软件还有多项附属选择功能，如乘客人数、约车数量等。东京有多家出租车公司，乘客用软件时还可根据自己的喜好，选择某公司车辆；车费一栏中可以估算出此次行车的预计价格；约车历史记录一栏记录着自己过往的约车情况，如果是常用地点的常用线路，点击某个历史记录即可重新约车；如果是从家到公司或从家去医院等常用固定路线，也可以预设一键设定功能，这样以后约车时一键搞定。

结算方式也有多项选择，除现金支付外，可以刷公交“一卡通”，可以在自己的手机中绑定信用卡，这样下车后只要在司机发来的结算信息中点击确认就可以了。记者发现，多款打车软件都有不同的语言版本，中文、英文界面几乎成了标配。这也是近几年日本大力发展旅游业，迎接外国游客的基本建设内容。

日本人的经营意识无处不在，约车软件还促成了出租汽车与广告公司的新式结合。2015年9月份，东京的日本交通出租车公司与日本头号广告公司博报堂合作，在日本交通出租配车软件中加载了视频广告，乘客坐上车后，打车软件在上传约车成功信息的同时，会收到出租公司发来的多款广告信息，乘客只要浏览这些广告，根据浏览时长可以收到20日元至50日元的打车优惠券，可在下次打车中使用。东京人平均打车时长20分钟，广告则设定在18分钟以内。到2015年底，该软件已被下载160万次。

出租司机收入微薄

日本出租汽车司机薪酬制度与中国不同，通常采用底薪加营业收入提成的方式，营业额越大，收入就越多。各出租汽车公司的底薪和提成比例不尽相同，虽然有个别高薪特例，但出租汽车司机整体收入并不高，月平均收入不足30万日元，年收入在310万日元至350万日元之间。

日本的出租汽车司机工作辛苦，平均每月工作200小时左右，所以很少有年轻人开出租汽车，很多司机是60岁以上的老年人。2014年日本出租汽车司机的平均年龄为58.6岁，司机主要是退休后再就业的低收入群体。

日本出租车虽然服务好，但价格让不少人望而却步。目前，东京出租汽车的起步价为2公里730日元(约合40元人民币)，2公里之后每超280米增收90日元，折算人民币为每公里16元左右。在晚上11点以后至次日清晨，很多出租汽车还要加收30%的深夜服务费。如此价格也造成了出租车空驶严重。

8月初，日本国土交通省宣布，将在东京繁华的新桥站、浅草站等地施行降低起步价试点，设定初驶距离1059米价格410日元，目的是提高出租车的乘车率，方便老年人、外国人、行李多的乘客打车。据称，如果试点效果显著，将在全国出租行业逐步铺开。