25 years of Linux and its open source was derived from "selfish"-Linux-IT information
On August 25, 1991, Linus Torvalds (Linus Torvalds) this "innocent" description of Linux systems with the world again.
? Current official Linux mascot Tux (photo: Wikipedia)
Said to be "innocent", is not to belittle, but for now, when Linus Torvalds was too na?ve to underestimate this school make their own stuff.
Because Linux in subsequent development gradually expanded the scope small to Palm devices, to explore the universe, is far from over when he imagined a wide range.
Use Linux
If you love like said Linux is for "selfish" product of the objective was born, surely many people will scoff at the first.
But Linux was born at the beginning, just to meet their individual needs.
? Linus Torvalds (photo: Athanasios Kasampalis Flickr)
Linus Torvalds is only 22 years old that year, Finland University of Helsinki studying computers.
In the study, in order to facilitate access to the Unix server in the University, for their devices conveniently wrote a program, but until the program is similar to writing when Linus found out that he had written an operating system kernel.
Linus said in a later interview with IEEE Spectrum when he really was Tiger:
If I know the difficulty of establishing an operating system from scratch, would surely not have the courage to do. The young and innocent from the outset, let me write kernel did not follow the previous old programming.
However, love style saying "selfish purposes" does not mean Linus for his own need to develop it, but Linux and open source.
Selfish open source
Linux is an open source system known (although not all Linux distributions are open source) and Linux's success is to a great extent depend on the open source community to provide a steady stream of code support to make it from one year of "small project" growing up.
And Linux can access these resources rely on Linux by licensing agreement--GPL.
? GNU founder Richard Stallman and his free software computers (photo: Wikipedia)
Full name GNU General Public License GPL (GNU General Public License), free software is one of the terms in the license agreement, the agreement is the biggest feature (and biggest criticism) is that any derivative works but also in using the GPL program under the GPL.
Simply put, any program that uses GPL code to GPL licensing is needed to open code, a code can cause a myriad of programs as GPL, and continues to spread.
Because of this GPL won the "infectious disease" evaluation, and many companies expressed disgust about this agreement.
Former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, who publicly in 2001 evaluation using GPL Linux for "cancer", whose root cause is GPL agreement.
? Shidifen·baoermo (photo: VentureBeat)
Ballmer said, because Linux kernel released under GPL, any use involving redevelopment project with GPL agreement, need code to GPL again returns to the open source community.
Other than Microsoft, many enterprises and companies, in particular hardware vendor this GPL of Linux is very troubling, because it involves the open source drivers, for reasons such as commercial confidentiality, in support of very careful, even negative.
Nvidia has no Linux driver support provide the latest technology and directly expressed will not provide Linux and other OS level support, as it will make the company confidential technical information exposed in front of all the people.
For this phenomenon, father of Linux, Linus once Finland directly in an interview with "international sign" ???? response, and Nvidia is processed in the career of his life "worst."
▲ Linus (photo: YouTube)
For Linux open source brings criticism, Linus may have already anticipated.
In a BBC interview with Linus talked about what he considers the real features of open source is to enable everyone to "selfish".
Open source is not the hypocrisy of "Let us sing around the campfire, make the world a better place." If everyone can do for their "selfish" by making a contribution to open source to be successful.
Linus himself to, for example, he loves programming and want to learn how to control hardware, and this was his "selfish".
Here the "selfish" does not refer to return, and many people have the idea that being worried that their efforts in vain.
So Linus using the GPLv2 license solves this problem, which is similar to "an eye for an eye" model, enjoy the fruits of others at the same time, promising to return results.
Linus think GPL is a fair licensing.
Connecting the future path
Linux can be developed to today's level is definitely when Linus did not think of.
On your phone, router, server cloud, in the trading Hall, even the space satellites have Linux on the scene.
Linux in the form of different applications in different industries, different areas.
▲ (Photo: Ars Technica)
In the future, and Linux in addition to more areas, will be more powerful and professional.
According to data published by the Linux Foundation, more and more enterprise developers to contribute code.
According to the latest data, volunteer code contribution ratio as low as 7.7%, the rest of the code was contributed by enterprise developers, among them Intel 12.9% occupy the top of the first.
▲ (Photo: Paul Morris of Flickr)
When someone asks Linus how Linux will, however, Linus doesn't seem to want to think about things too far.
Linus said to think about the future of this matter was considered by the Group of visionaries to, he just want to down to earth when a programmer trying to do "to achieve the best results."
25岁的Linux，它的开源却源自“自私” - Linux - IT资讯
1991年8月25日，随着林纳斯·托瓦兹（Linus Torvalds）这句“天真”的描述，Linux系统正式与世人见面了。
▲目前Linux官方的吉祥物 Tux（图片来自：Wikipedia）
说是“天真”，并非贬低，只是从现在来看，当年的林纳斯·托瓦兹真的太过于天真的低估了这个自己课余做出的东西。
因为Linux在随后的发展中逐步壮大，所涉范围小到掌中设备，大到探索宇宙，远非超他当年所想象的广泛。
自用的Linux
如果爱范儿说Linux是为了“自私”目的诞生的产物，想必很多人都会先嗤之以鼻。
但其实Linux诞生之初，确实只是为了满足个人需求。
▲林纳斯·托瓦兹（图片来自：Athanasios Kasampalis的Flickr）
那一年的林纳斯·托瓦兹只有22岁，在芬兰赫尔辛基大学学习电脑。
在学习中，他为了方便访问大学内的Unix服务器，针对自己手中设备随手写了一个程序，但直到程序写的差不多的时候，林纳斯才发现他写了一个操作系统内核。
在后来IEEE Spectrum的一次专访中林纳斯坦言当年的自己真的是初生牛犊不怕虎：
如果当时我真的知道从头建立一个操作系统的难度，肯定是不会有勇气去做的。这种年少无知也让我从一开始就没有按照前人的老路编程编写内核。
但是，爱范儿想说的“自私目的”并不是指林纳斯为自己需要开发这事，而是指Linux的开源。
自私的开源众
所周知的Linux是一个开源系统（虽然并非所有Linux发行版都开源），而Linux的成功很大程度上是依靠开源社区为其提供的源源不断的代码支持，使其从当年一个人的“小项目”日益壮大起来。
而之所以Linux能够获得这些资源，其实全依靠Linux采用的授权协议——GPL。
▲GNU发起人理查德·斯托曼和他的完全自由软件电脑（图片来自：Wikipedia）
GPL全称GNU通用公共许可协议（GNU General Public License），自由软件许可协议条款之一，该协议最大的特点（也是最大的非议）就是，任何使用GPL程序的演绎作品也要在GPL之下。
简单来说就是，任何使用了GPL程序代码的程序都需要以GPL授权来开放代码，一份代码就有可能引发无数的程序成为GPL，并且继续扩散。
因为这一特性GPL获得了“传染病”的评价，并且有不少公司对这一协议表示反感。
比如微软前任CEO鲍尔默，他曾在2001年公开评价使用GPL的Linux为“癌症”，其根本原因就是GPL协议。
▲史蒂芬·鲍尔默（图片来自：VentureBeat）
之所以鲍尔默这样评价，是因为在GPL协议下发布的Linux内核，任何使用涉及GPL协议代码的再开发项目，都需要将代码重新以GPL返回给开源社区。
而除了微软之外，很多企业和公司，尤其是硬件厂商也都对Linux这种GPL十分头疼，因为涉及到开源驱动，出于商业保密等原因，在提供支持的时候十分小心，甚至消极应对。
比如Nvidia就一直不对Linux提供最新技术的驱动支持，并直接表示过不会像Linux提供和其他OS等级的支持，因为这会使得公司一直保密的技术信息暴露在所有人面前。
而对于这一现象，Linux之父林纳斯在一次芬兰的采访中直接以“国际手势”🖕🏻回应，并表示Nvidia是他这辈子工作生涯中处理过的“最糟糕的故障”。
▲林纳斯（图片来自：YouTube）
对于Linux开源所带来的非议，林纳斯可能是早有预料的。
在一次和BBC的采访中林纳斯谈及，他所认为的开源真正的特色是让人人能“自私”。
开源不是虚伪的“让我们围着篝火唱歌，使这个世界变得更美好”。如果每人都能为他们“自私”的原因而作出贡献，开源才能成功。
林纳斯以自己来举例，他热爱编程并希望学习如何控制硬件，而这就是他的“自私”目的。
这里的“自私”并非是指利益回报，并且很多人都有这种想法，担心自己的努力白白被他人利用。
所以林纳斯使用GPLv2许可证解决了这一问题，这种类似“一报还一报”的模式，在享受别人成果的同时，也承诺回报成果。
林纳斯认为GPL是一种公平的许可证。
连接未来的路上前行
Linux能够发展到今天的程度绝对是当年林纳斯没有想到的。
在手机中，在路由器里，在服务器云端，在股票交易大厅，甚至连太空的卫星都有Linux的身影。
Linux在以不同的形式应用在不同行业，不同领域。
▲（图片来自：Ars Technica）
而在未来，Linux除了应用到更多的领域，还将更强大、专业。
根据Linux基金会公布的数据，越来越多的企业开发者在贡献代码。
根据最新的数据，志愿者贡献的代码比例低至7.7%，余下的代码都是由企业开发者贡献的，其中Intel以12.9%占据榜单第一。
▲（图片来自：Paul Morris的Flickr）
然而当有人问林纳斯Linux未来会如何时，林纳斯似乎并不想考虑太过遥远的事情。
林纳斯表示思考未来这事让那群空想家去考虑好了，他只想脚踏实地的当一个程序员，尝试做到“可以做到的最好的效果”。