Year scale of government procurement in China exceeded 2 trillion yuan refused "specials"

Data released by the Ministry showed that 2015 national scale of government procurement exceeded 2 trillion yuan for the first time, rose 21.8%, accounting for the national fiscal expenditure reached 12%.

Government procurement have been expanding, the money is spent where? How the procurement process can be inexpensive, open and fair? Reporters interviewed the relevant departments and experts.

Services purchasing of 72.9% last year, involving pension and training

Young adults go out to work in the village, leaving mostly older people, plant a few acres of land there is some burden. "Rice a lot easier this year, pest control Government helped out with these things. "Shehong County, Sichuan province, said Cao Zhen Qiu Zhimin of the tablet.

Shehong County Government purchases of plant disease and pest control services, farmers only need to pay for materials, agricultural technology company will provide door-to-door field service, second generation borers, Magnaporthe grisea, smut system control rule. This year, 11 townships in 44 villages of the County total more than 22,000 acres of rice, through the purchase of services to achieve a unified anti-rule, at the same time reduce the burden on farmers, agricultural production levels has also increased.

"A positive change in government procurement, services acquisitions to grow significantly in 2015, up 72.9%. "Finance charge, expanding the scope of the current implementation of government procurement, in addition to the Government's own administrative expenditure also covers some of the spending on public welfare, and people's livelihood projects like community" empty nesters "provides care, provide technical training for migrant workers, and so on. From around the situation, the Government purchased service outstanding public and public welfare, ranging from education, employment, social protection, health care, culture, amenities and services for the disabled, and many people's well-being.

"Government procurement structure, still account for a large proportion of procurement of goods, engineering classes, and services accounted for 15.9% of the total scale of government procurement, there is considerable space to develop. "Chinese Bai Jingming, Deputy Director of the Institute of fiscal science believes that, in the face of people's growing demand for public services, Government innovation supply model, building a multi-level, diversified public service supply system. Provided directly to the public as part of government public service matters, referred to the condition of society, and pay the fee, to play the role of market mechanism and quicken the development of service industry, raise the level of public services.

Agreement supply products to the market to buy, price comparison, loopholes banning extravagant

Many people are concerned: as a government administrative office supplies such as, how government procurement price, can save funds?

In charge of finance, Office supplies, the main way for the mass concentration of government procurement procurement agreement and a small amount of the purchase. Centralized purchasing in bulk quantities, small profits but quick turnover to suppliers, the Government procurement easier "bargain", usually about 10% less than the market price. Supply procurement and agreement in smaller, especially in the past also has some "custom" and "exclusive use" products on the market do not have the same type, easy to take this to avoid comparison with the market price, resulting in higher purchase price. To solve this problem, the Ministry further regulate the contractual delivery system, claims agreements product model, configuration, delivery and after-sales service, must be a market to buy, price comparison, supplies GM, to put an end to the so-called "special" products.

"In fact, many products do not need customization, bought on the market can meet the administrative office functions. "Bai Jingming said the Executive Office equipment standard is not perfect, will buy high-end and high product. In these two years, "sky-high procurement" "luxury buy" decreased, mainly due to the more and more firmly tied a cage system.

For example, desktop computers are commonly used in Office equipment, its agreement with the purchase price determined? Agreement from the CCP calculate their funds meticulously sourcing Center supply system, major adopted a "discount rate" and "base price" approach. System from a desktop computer is divided into 4 price range, Yuan, 0-4000 Yuan, 6000-8000 Yuan and 8000 Yuan. Every computer benchmark price shall not be higher than that of the same period manufacturing manufacturers or sales agents e-Mall on the Internet showing the highest level price; discount rate suppliers can bid the price range were included. Buyer can be no higher than the base price for the subject tender supplier negotiations, coupled with the appropriate discount rate, agreement purchase prices determined. In General, the price will be lower than the market price, but except for discount sale business during a specific time period.

Then, desktop computer divided by the price of four, are purchasing units which wanted to buy, what to buy? This obviously doesn't work, because there's a political unit of the Central Bank of China General Office equipment furniture configuration standard "card": price ceiling of 5000 Yuan desktop computers, the minimum age is 6 years. In other words, purchasing units in the case of no special-purpose may not be configured high-end equipment.

"At present, China's Central Bank Chief on the unit in the General configuration of office equipment, furniture, purchase price and quantity are strictly regulated, including configuration of luxury furniture, precious wood shall not be used, and so on. Unity of these provisions and budget standards, form a multi-dimensional system of government procurement. "Bai Jingming said the growing system binding for the Government to purchase loopholes, banning extravagant, further compressing the extravagant space is essential.

Transparent procurement chain, any credit record may not take part in the procurement

There are concerns that the Government procurement process open and transparent, but privately purchase whether collusion with suppliers, "strings", leading to unfair competition and corruption?

"Honesty is one of the basic principles of government procurement. Credit constraints on related subjects in the procurement activities of the Government, to create a fully transparent procurement chain to prevent manipulation and unfair competition is very important. "The Treasury official said, the Ministry of Finance recently issued a notice, on the list of illegal credit record suppliers, shall not participate in the Government procurement activities; perfect expert accountability mechanisms, of bribery, bribery, fraud, bad credit personnel, shall not be employed as a reviewer, has hired shall be promptly dismissed.

Question on government procurement, both suppliers maintain their legitimate rights and interests, and oversight of government procurement violations. Recently, at a rehabilitation center, Longgang District, Shenzhen Government procurement bidding in equipment projects, received was not the successful supplier's question: vote for versatile traction bed by the successful supplier did not truthfully product functionality, suspected of providing false information to seek the bid. Multilateral verification, zhongbiao branch company there is tampering with product type, specification of behavior. Procurement Center reflects the financial sector in a timely manner, the company ultimately was sentenced to one year banned from Shenzhen Government procurement activities, credited to the credit file and other penalties.

Implementation of the law on government procurement regulations, search for specific vendor bid, contract, acts of collusion between supplier and purchaser will be investigated for legal responsibility according to law. Party and Government procurement of goods, construction and services, should follow the principle of openness and transparency, fair competition and good faith. Strict implementation of the Government procurement process, shall not break the rules in any way or reason specified specify brand, model number, country of origin or disguised. "These provisions are clear, certain, and if there are people desperate, personal gain will be subject to party discipline and state laws sanction. "Bai Jingming said.

(Editors: Liu Cheng UN649)
2016-09-11 13:03:49
21st century business Herald

中国政府采购年规模突破2万亿元 拒绝“特供”

　　财政部日前公布的数据显示，2015年全国政府采购规模首次突破2万亿元，同比增长21.8%，占全国财政支出的比重达到12%。

　　政府采购规模不断扩大，钱都花在了哪些地方？采购的过程是怎样的，能否做到物美价廉、公开公正？记者就此采访了有关部门和专家。

　　去年服务类采购增长72.9%，涉及养老、培训等

　　村里青壮年外出务工，留下的大都是老年人，种几亩地还是有些吃力。“今年种水稻轻松多了，病虫害防治这些事政府帮忙解决了。”四川省射洪县曹碑镇农民邱治民说。

　　射洪县实施政府购买植保病虫害防治服务，农户只需要支付材料费，农技公司就会上门提供田间服务，对二代螟虫、稻瘟病、稻曲病进行统防统治。今年，全县11个乡镇44个村共22000多亩水稻，通过政府购买服务实现了统防统治，在减轻农户负担的同时，农业安全生产水平也提高了。

　　“政府采购的一个积极变化，是服务类采购出现大幅增长，2015年同比增长72.9%。” 财政部有关负责人介绍，当前政府采购实施范围不断扩大，除了政府自身的行政办公支出，还涵盖了一些公益性强、关系民生的支出项目，像为社区的“空巢老人”提供生活照料，为农民工提供技术培训等。从各地情况看，政府购买服务突出公共性和公益性，范围涉及教育、就业、社保、医疗卫生、文化体育及残疾人服务等很多民生领域。

　　“从政府采购的结构来看，货物类、工程类采购仍占较大比例，而服务类只占全国政府采购总规模的15.9%，还有相当大的拓展空间。”中国财政科学研究院副院长白景明认为，面对人民群众日益增长的公共服务需求，政府需要创新供给模式，构建多层次、多元化的公共服务供给体系。把政府直接向社会公众提供的一部分公共服务事项，交由具备条件的社会力量承担并向其支付费用，有利于发挥市场机制作用，加快服务业发展，提高公共服务水平。

　　协议供货产品须市场可买、价格可比，堵漏洞禁豪奢

　　很多人关心：像政府行政办公之类的用品，政府采购价格是怎么定的，能不能节约财政资金？

　　财政部有关负责人介绍，对于办公用品，政府采购的主要方式为大批量集中采购和少量的协议采购。批量集中采购数量大，对供应商来说可以薄利多销，所以政府采购容易“砍价”，通常会比市场价格低10%左右。而协议供货采购量较小，特别是过去还存在一些“定制”和“专供”产品，市场上没有同样的型号，容易借此回避与市场价格的比较，导致采购价格虚高。针对这一问题，财政部进一步规范协议供货制度，要求协议供货产品的型号、配置及所含售后服务，必须是市场可买、价格可比、耗材通用，进一步杜绝所谓的“特供”产品。

　　“实际上，很多产品根本不需要定制，市场上买的就能够满足行政办公功能。”白景明表示，行政办公设备配置标准不健全，就会出现采购高档和高配置产品的现象。这两年，“天价采购”“豪华采购”现象明显减少，主要得益于制度的笼子越扎越牢。

　　比如，台式电脑是常用的办公设备，它的协议采购价格如何确定？从中直机关采购中心协议供货交易系统看，主要采取了“优惠率”加“基准价格”的方式。系统将台式电脑分为4个价格区间，0—4000元、4000—6000元、6000—8000元和8000元以上。每台电脑的基准价格，不得高于同期生产制造厂商或最高级别代理商在网上电子商城展示的销售价格；优惠率投标供应商可以按照价格区间分别填报。采购人可以在不高于基准价格的前提下与投标供应商洽谈，再加上相应的优惠率，协议采购价格就确定了。一般来说，这个价格会低于市场价格，但商家在特定时期的打折促销大甩卖除外。

　　那么，台式电脑按价格分四档，是否采购单位想买哪档就买哪档？这个显然也不行，因为还有中中国中央银行政单位通用办公设备家具配置标准“卡”着：台式电脑价格上限5000元，最低使用年限为6年。也就是说，采购单位在没有特殊用途的情况下，不得配置高端设备。

　　“目前，中中国中央银行政单位在通用办公设备、家具配置上，购买价格和数量都有严格规定，包括不得配置豪华家具，不得使用名贵木材等。这些规定与预算费用标准相统一，就形成了政府采购的多维度标准体系。”白景明表示，制度约束力不断增强，对于政府采购堵漏洞、禁豪奢，进一步压缩奢侈浪费空间至关重要。

　　采购链透明，有违法失信行为记录不得参与采购

　　也有人担心，政府采购程序虽然公开透明，但私底下采购人会不会与供应商共谋“串标”，导致不公平竞争和滋生腐败？

　　“诚实信用是政府采购的基本原则之一。在政府采购活动中对相关主体进行失信约束，对于打造全透明采购链，防止暗箱操作和不公平竞争具有重要意义。”财政部有关负责人表示，财政部日前发布通知，对列入违法失信行为记录名单的供应商，不得参与政府采购活动；完善评审专家问责机制，对具有行贿、受贿、欺诈等不良信用记录的人员，不得聘用为评审专家，已聘用的应当及时解聘。

　　政府采购质疑，既是供应商维护自身合法权益的方式，也是对政府采购中违法违规行为的监督。近日，深圳市龙岗区政府采购中心在一次康复设备公开招标项目中，接到了未中标供应商的质疑：中标供应商所投多功能牵引床未如实陈述产品功能，涉嫌提供虚假材料谋取中标。经多方查证，中标公司确实存在篡改产品型号、规格的行为。采购中心及时向财政部门反映，最终该中标公司被处以一年内禁止参加深圳市政府采购活动、记入诚信档案等处罚。

　　政府采购法实施条例明确规定，为谋求特定供应商中标、成交，供应商与采购人之间的恶意串通行为，将依法追究法律责任。党政机关采购货物、工程和服务，应当遵循公开透明、公平竞争、诚实信用原则。严格执行政府采购程序，不得违反规定以任何方式和理由指定或者变相指定品牌、型号、产地。“这些规定都是明明白白、板上钉钉的，如果还有人铤而走险、牟取私利，必将受到党纪国法的制裁。”白景明说。

(责任编辑：刘盛钱 UN649)
2016-09-11 13:03:49
21世纪经济报道