The reality:
Temple on the second space experiment on what tall |
Temple on the second _ news
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 15-question: the vicissitudes of China's first space laboratory will do what "on the big" experiments in space?
Xinhua reporters Wu Jingjing Bai Guolong Cui Jing
Temple on the second is China's first real space laboratory will complete more than more than 10 high-end tasks, is manned all the tasks in the project up again.
Some of these experiments to probe the universe's deepest mysteries, some help people to better understand the oceans and the atmosphere, and some even wanted to solve the food problem of interstellar travel in the future ... ... Let us find out.
[51 payload: involve the use of items up to]
At present, China's manned space project has entered a new phase of application development. "We are studying the international space science and application technology developing trend on the basis of, and full use of temple on the second space laboratory platform support capabilities and advantages, environment conditions, arrangements of a number of scientific frontiers and strategic scientific and applied tasks of high-tech development. "Tiangong second, Chief Designer of the space application system Zhao Guangheng said these tasks involving microgravity fundamental physics, microgravity fluid physics, materials science, space life science detection, monitoring of the space environment, space astronomy, Earth observation and Earth science applications and application test of 8 areas.
Which space science experiment and detection project including space cold atomic clock experiment, and liquid bridge hot hair fine convection experiment, and integrated material preparation experiment, and plants training experiment, and gamma Ma storm polarization detection,; on to observation and the Earth science research project including wide band imaging spectrometer, and three dimensional imaging microwave height meter, and purple outside pro side Imaging Spectrometer; application technology test project including space quantum key key distribution test, and with satellite flight test,.
"These tasks over more than 10 items, direct insurance 28 research units, mounted payload is 51. "Zhao Guangheng said that through the implementation of these tasks, the expectation in the field of space science frontier exploration part into the advanced ranks in the world, making important discoveries that have international implications; in the fields of space technology, breakthroughs and some key technology, to address the urgent needs of major problems and validation of advanced methods and means.
[2 pilot astronauts directly involved]
Temple on the second scheduled for end of October 11th launch Shenzhou manned spacecraft docking. The astronauts will enter the temple on the second, involved in the operational culture of higher plants and synthesis experiment.
Human interstellar travel, immigration, alien planet in the future, the first task is to solve problems such as food self-sufficiency, oxygen and water. Culture of higher plants is the study of the Earth's plants can overcome extreme environmental impacts such as space micro-gravity, normal growth in the space environment.
Higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana and rice will go along with the temple on the second space, scientists will study seeds in space, germination, growth, flowering and seed of the whole process, so as to understand and master the future agricultural development possible in space. Astronauts will reclaim parts of plant samples for further analysis.
Comprehensive experiment for the preparation of a variety of new material structure and types of materials research, such as a new type of Nano-composite optical materials, high-performance thermoelectric conversion materials, multi compound consistency, and so on. Scientists will reveal these materials in a gravity environment it is difficult to know the physical and chemical laws and properties.
It is worth mentioning that, the researchers mixed media experimental unit made after more than three years, using only the kettle power 1/9 to 1/5, but to achieve vacuum furnace temperature up to 950 degrees Celsius. Astronauts will open the furnace for testing materials give us action, which would be China's first astronaut in orbit of space materials experiments operate.
["Pole" telescopes: the only international cooperation projects]
"Celestial" telescope "is the full name of" pole "GRBs polarized probe, led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of high energy physics, Switzerland University of Geneva, Switzerland baoluoxieer Institute, Poland participation such as Institute of nuclear physics, international cooperation is the only Temple on the second project.
Gamma-ray bursts is the abbreviation of cosmic gamma-ray bursts, its origin and the corresponding physical process is one of the most advanced astronomy. More than 10 years, the study of GRBs has made considerable progress, but the GRBs are some of the fundamental problems have not been solved.
As the most sensitive the GRBs polarization detector, "celestial" dozens of times higher than similar instruments of detection efficiency, it is expected to run for two years, can detect about 100 gamma-ray bursts, extreme Astrophysical environment in order to better understand the universe's most violent explosions producing mechanism of the phenomenon of making an important contribution.
[Space physics: expected major breakthroughs]
Temple on the second carry a number of space physics experiments, such as space and cold Atomic experiments, space quantum key distribution experiment, is an international scientific frontier in science is of great significance.
Cold atomic clock is a precision timepiece. Scientists will be laser cooling technology combines successfully with the space micro-gravity environment of space cold atomic clocks, will become the world's first space running cold atomic clock, which is autonomous timekeeping accuracy of two orders of magnitude. The experiments in atomic physics research is of great significance, in areas such as national security, Star high precision clocks have wide application.
Quantum key distribution experiment will be implemented based on the manned space platform-quantum key transmission tests, as well as business data universe laser communication. The experiment will take place for the future establishment of unbreakable information security systems, international lead in establishing the practical basis for the secure communications network.
[Earth observation instruments: a complete "experience" Earth]
Previous surveys of China's manned space mission from any orientation are indispensable in the vastness of the universe "feeling" of Earth. Temple on the second also carries a number of next-generation Earth observation remote sensing and geophysical research instruments.
Such as broad-band imaging spectrometer, imaging microwave altimeters, ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer, breaking a series of key technologies, resources and environment, the environment, agriculture and forestry, marine environment, air pollution and atmospheric composition monitoring and has wide applications in global change research.
[With satellites: the guardian of the temple on the second]
Temple during the second flight will also released an accompanying satellite in orbit. Concomitant satellite flight experiment will further verify the high function density small satellite technologies such as, presence in the rail release, along with flight and lay the Foundation for future new spacecraft formation flying technology.
The accompanying satellite equipped with a high resolution full frame visible light camera, flying around in space during the test to the temple on the second Shenzhou 11th combined with high resolution imaging, called Shenzhou spacecraft and temple on the second "self portrait artifact."
[Space environment monitoring: for temple on the second escort]
Astronauts and spacecraft into space facing the outer space environment effects. In space, high energy radiation of charged particles can cause spacecraft materials performance degradation or damage could destroy the astronaut's organs and tissues, serious or even life-threatening. Atmospheric environment will impact on the spacecraft.
Temple on the second space environment system is made up of charged particle radiation detector, track air quality detectors, and space environmental control unit is composed of 3 instruments. They will monitor Temple on the second orbit radiation environment and atmosphere to achieve extravehicular 16 directions of electrons, protons and other charged particles the intensity and energy spectrum monitoring, and tracks of atmospheric density, composition and temporal and space environmental effects monitoring. (End)
Responsible editor: Qiao Leihua SN098
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Xinhua News Agency
揭秘：
天宫二号将做哪些高大上的太空实验|
天宫二号_新闻资讯
新华社北京9月15日电 题：揭秘：中国首个空间实验室将做哪些“高大上”的太空实验？
新华社记者 吴晶晶 白国龙 崔静
天宫二号是中国首个真正意义上的空间实验室，将完成十余项高精尖的实验任务，是载人航天历次任务中应用项目最多的一次。
这些实验有的是要探索宇宙最深处的奥秘，有的是帮助人们更好地认识海洋和大气，有的甚至想要解决将来星际旅行时的食物问题……下面就让我们一探究竟。
[51件有效载荷：涉及应用项目最多]
当前，中国载人航天工程已进入应用发展新阶段。“我们在深入研究国际空间科学和应用技术发展态势的基础上，充分利用天宫二号空间实验室平台支持 能力和优势环境条件，安排了一批体现科学前沿和战略高技术发展方向的科学与应用任务。”天宫二号空间应用系统总设计师赵光恒说，这些任务涉及微重力基础物 理、微重力流体物理、空间材料科学、空间生命科学、空间天文探测、空间环境监测、对地观测及地球科学研究应用以及应用新技术试验等8个领域。
其中空间科学实验与探测项目包括空间冷原子钟实验、液桥热毛细对流实验、综合材料制备实验、高等植物培养实验、伽玛暴偏振探测等；对地观测及地 球科学研究项目包括宽波段成像光谱仪、三维成像微波高度计、紫外临边成像光谱仪；应用新技术试验项目包括空地量子密钥分配试验、伴随卫星飞行试验等。
“这些应用任务共10余项，直接承研单位28家，装器有效载荷51件。”赵光恒表示，通过实施这些任务，期望在空间科学前沿探索部分重点领域方 向进入世界先进行列，作出具有国际影响的重要发现；在空间应用技术领域，突破并掌握一些核心关键技术，为解决国家迫切需求的重大应用问题提供和验证先进的 解决方法和手段。
[2项实验航天员直接参与]
天宫二号将与拟于10月中下旬发射的神舟十一号载人飞船对接。航天员将进入天宫二号，参与操作高等植物培养实验和综合材料制备实验。
人类未来要星际旅行、移民外星球，首要任务是解决食物自给、氧气和循环水等问题。高等植物培养实验就是要研究地球上的植物是否可以克服太空微重力等极端环境影响，在太空环境中正常生长。
高等植物拟南芥和水稻将随天宫二号进入太空，科学家将研究植物种子在太空中萌发、生长、开花、结籽的全过程，从而了解和掌握未来太空农业发展的可能。航天员将回收部分植物样品供地面进一步分析研究。
综合材料制备实验选用多种新型结构与类型的材料样品进行研究，如新型纳米复合光学材料、高性能热电转换材料、多元复相合金等。科学家们将揭示这些材料在地面重力环境下难以获知的物理和化学规律和性质。
值得一提的是，研究人员历经三年多研制的综合材料实验装置，只用了电水壶功耗的1/9至1/5，却能实现真空环境下最高950摄氏度的炉膛温度。航天员将对材料实验炉进行开盖换样操作，这将是中国首次实现空间材料实验的航天员在轨操作。
[“天极”望远镜：唯一的国际合作项目]
“天极”望远镜的全称是“天极”伽玛暴偏振探测仪，由中科院高能物理研究所牵头，瑞士日内瓦大学、瑞士保罗谢尔研究所、波兰核物理研究所等参与，是天宫二号上唯一的国际合作项目。
伽玛暴是宇宙伽玛射线暴的简称，它的起源及相应的物理过程一直是天文学最前沿课题之一。这十几年来，人们对伽玛暴的研究取得了长足进步，但有关伽玛暴的一些基本问题还是没有得到很好解决。
作为国际上最灵敏的伽玛暴偏振探测仪，“天极”的探测效率比国际同类仪器高几十倍，它预期运行两年，可以探测到大约100个伽玛射线暴，为更好地理解宇宙中极端天体物理环境下最剧烈的爆发现象的产生机制作出重要贡献。
[空间物理学：有望取得重大突破]
天宫二号搭载了多项空间物理实验，如空间冷原子钟实验、空地量子密钥分配试验等，均属国际科学前沿，科学意义重大。
冷原子钟是一种高精度的计时装置。科学家们将激光冷却原子技术与空间微重力环境相结合研发成功的空间冷原子钟，将成为国际上第一台空间运行的冷 原子钟，可以使飞行器自主守时精度提高两个量级。该实验在原子物理研究方面具有重大意义，在国防安全、高精度星钟等方面具有广泛应用价值。
量子密钥分配试验将在基于载人航天空间平台上实现天-地量子密钥传输试验，以及业务数据天地激光通信。该实验将为未来建立不可破译的信息安全系统、在国际上率先建立实用化的保密通信网络奠定基础。
[对地观测仪器：全方位“感知”地球]
中国载人航天的历次巡天任务都少不了在浩瀚的宇宙中从各个方位“感知”地球。天宫二号也搭载了多个新一代对地观测遥感器和地球科学研究仪器。
如宽波段成像光谱仪、三维成像微波高度计、紫外临边成像光谱仪等，突破了系列关键技术，在资源环境、生态环境、农林应用、海洋环境、大气污染和大气成分监测以及全球变化研究等领域有着广泛应用。
[伴随卫星：天宫二号的守护者]
天宫二号飞行期间还将在轨释放一颗伴随卫星。伴随卫星飞行试验将进一步验证小型高功能密度卫星、在轨释放、驻留伴随飞行等技术，并为未来新型航天器编队飞行技术奠定基础。
这颗伴随卫星搭载了高分辨率全画幅可见光相机，将在空间绕飞试验过程中对天宫二号与神舟十一号组合体进行高分辨率成像，堪称天宫二号和神舟飞船的“自拍神器”。
[空间环境监测：为天宫二号保驾护航]
航天员和航天器进入太空面临着外层空间环境的影响。在太空中，能量很高的带电粒子辐射可能导致航天器材料性能下降或损坏，也可能破坏航天员的器官组织，严重时甚至有生命危险。另外大气环境也会对运行其中的航天器产生影响。
天宫二号空间环境分系统由带电粒子辐射探测器、轨道大气环境探测器和空间环境控制单元3台仪器组成。它们将实时监测天宫二号轨道上的辐射环境和 大气环境，实现舱外16个方向的电子、质子等带电粒子的强度和能谱监测，以及轨道大气密度、成分及其时空变化与空间环境污染效应监测等。（完）
责任编辑：乔雷华 SN098
文章关键词： 天宫二号 我要反馈
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