Chief Designer of the China manned space program "decrypt" temple on the second | temple on the second _ news

Chief Designer of the China manned space program Zhou Jianping "decrypt" temple on the second

Xinhua News Agency, Jiuquan, September 15-title: "shoulder to verify important technology of Chinese space station construction mission"-Chief Designer of the China manned space program Zhou Jianping "decrypt" temple on the second

Li Zhongshuang, and Li Guoli, and Chen XI

22:04 September 15, Temple on the second space laboratory was launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Chief Designer of the China manned space program Zhou in an interview with Xinhua, the temple on the second space lab and space station construction, "decrypt".

Zhou said: "temple on the second is real space laboratory, shouldering the Verify important technology of Chinese space station construction mission. ”

　　Temple on the second is a real sense of space lab

Realization of world transport, breakthrough extravehicular activity technology and spacecraft rendezvous and docking technology ... ... Zhou of China's manned space flight in more than 10 years the achievement of very familiar.

"With these mastered the key technology of manned space engineering, China's space station construction is also on the agenda. "He said," the launch second space laboratory, is an important objective for China's space station construction for key validation. ”

Temple on the second launch is the core of China's manned space lab mission tasks. Zhou said that the space laboratory tasks include: June 25 this year, a new generation of carrier rocket long March seventh flight, this task has been achieved; 11th Temple on the second Shenzhou manned spacecraft rendezvous and docking will be conducted in October this year; Temple on the second day the boat first cargo spacecraft rendezvous and docking plan implemented in the first half of next year.

"The whole task, project completed within the first half of next year. "Zhou said.

Temple on the second "predecessor" is the temple on the first backup of the target aircraft, lab and resource-two-class configuration. In order to adapt to the new mission of researchers to carry out the conversion. For example, additional validation tests to meet the promoting agents need to temple on the second adaptation of the propulsion subsystem to meet medium-term resident needs, made a significant improvement to the manned livable environment, to support two astronauts in orbit, the ability to live in 30 days.

"So, Temple, second is the real space laboratory in China. Temple on the second space laboratory and the temple on the first is target aircraft. "Zhou said.

　　Temple on the second Chinese space station fundamental technical capacity

According to the plan, China will be built around 2020, space station, the overall configuration of three cabin--a core module, two tanks, each class is 20 tons, is a t-configuration as a whole.

Compared with the space station, 8 tons of small temple on the second a lot, also light a lot, quality or less than one-second of a segment of the space station.

"Clean, great location. As an on-orbit for a long time no one independent flight, short term care for on-orbit platform, Temple on the second space station needs to have basic skills. "Zhou said.

Day boat first cargo spacecraft to visit Temple on the second time, for the temple on the second additional propellant, making it work in orbit even longer. "This is very important space station technology. "Zhou explained that future space station needs to continue in orbit for more than 10 years, unable to make fuel and consumables were brought up in one, requiring on-orbit repair plus," like air refueling. "

After a period of time, two male astronauts aboard Shenzhou 11th manned spacecraft into space, living and working in the temple on the second for 30 days. "The presence of 30 days to achieve, will accumulate experience for China's future space station flight for a long time. "Zhou said.

　　China entered the space station next year construction phase

"Space laboratory after the task is completed, China will enter the stage of construction of the space station, we will build a technical characteristics of the times and the Chinese characteristics of the Chinese space station. "Zhou said," around 2018, China will launch a space station core module. ”

China will build an economy of the international space station a better, more information of space station. "Information technology, recycling, environmental protection, new energy, automation and artificial intelligence technology, comprehensive reflection on the Chinese space station. "Zhou said.

China's space station less than the size of the international space station, three capsule more than 60 tons, up to docking of two manned spacecraft and a cargo ship. "Our station is scalable, based on scientific research and the need for international cooperation, constitute in the present based on further capacity enhancement. "Zhou said.

He disclosed that after the completion of the space station, rating designed to accommodate 3 astronauts. Due to space station require continuous standing people and crew will be taken after rotation, so that during rotation can reach a maximum of 6 astronauts in the space station.

　　China's manned space flight will be normalized

Since 2003, Yang Liwei, flew into space since the 13 years, China has 10 astronauts into space.

"China after the completion of the space station, manned space flights will become the norm. "Zhou said," in General, requires at least two groups, one year of 6 astronauts enter space station, this means that the astronaut's mission will be more frequent. ”

"We will select and train more astronauts will need more astronauts in flight, into the space station. "Zhou said.

Manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th to be launched in October, will take two male astronauts with the temple on the second rendezvous and docking, female astronauts does not appear on the scene.

In this regard, Zhou explained that China now has over more than 10 astronauts, flight every astronaut wants to have a chance, but arrangements have a reasonable period for space flight. "If more astronauts to participate in tasks and accumulated experience, we enhance the team's all-round ability and has great benefits. ”

Chinese Liu Yang, Wang Yaping two female astronauts. "Although this is not flying, but they are well trained. "Zhou said," for the time will soon come, China will have women astronauts participating in space flight. ”

　　China has launched manned the basic capacity

Internationally, many scientists believe that an important goal of human Mars exploration should be pursued. China's Mars probe is in the development stages. In this regard, Zhou said, Mars is a very complicated project.

"At this stage, Moon is closer to the human target. "Zhou believes that in carrying out exploration work on the Moon, to attach importance to explore the effectiveness, sustainability, and ultimately aimed at the realization of development and utilization of lunar resources," this is the way of landing on Mars have to go before. "

"Technically speaking, the basic ability of China Aerospace manned. "Zhou said that the Moon is technically more complicated than the present manned flights, greater scale, in order to achieve this goal, China still faces many challenges in technology: the need for greater capacity of rockets, manned landing of the lunar surface and return the aircraft and new round-trip spacecraft to the moon ... ...

　　Hainan Wenchang could become China's second manned space launch site

According to the plan, China's space station and the cargo ships, will be at the new Hainan Wenchang space launch pad.

Hainan Wenchang will become the second Chinese manned space launch site? Zhou said that the manned Moon project, if implemented, Hainan spaceport is technically a better choice, "but now the Jiuquan manned space launch is selected in".

Zhou said the long seventh and other next-generation rocket has more carrying power, using the toxic pollution of the propellant, so when these rockets in research and development, also taking into account future demand replace conventional sending a manned spacecraft propellant.

Responsible editor: Gao Yuying

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中国载人航天工程总设计师“解密”天宫二号|天宫二号_新闻资讯

　　中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平“解密”天宫二号

　　新华社酒泉9月15日电 题：“肩负着验证中国空间站建造重要技术的使命”——中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平“解密”天宫二号

　　李中双、李国利、陈曦

　　9月15日22时04分，天宫二号空间实验室在酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平在接受新华社记者采访时，对天宫二号空间实验室以及中国空间站建设等进行了“解密”。

　　周建平说：“天宫二号是真正意义上的空间实验室，肩负着验证中国空间站建造重要技术的使命。”

　　天宫二号是真正意义上的空间实验室

　　实现天地往返运输、突破航天员出舱活动技术、掌握空间飞行器交会对接技术……周建平对中国载人航天在十多年间所取得的成就如数家珍。

　　“随着这些载人航天工程中关键技术的掌握，中国空间站的建造也提上日程。”他说，“发射天宫二号空间实验室，一个重要目的就是为中国空间站的建造进行关键技术验证。”

　　天宫二号发射是中国载人航天工程空间实验室阶段任务的核心任务。周建平说，空间实验室任务主要包括：今年6月25日，新一代运载火箭长征七号首飞，这个任务目的已经实现；天宫二号与神舟十一号载人飞船的交会对接，将于今年10月进行；天宫二号与天舟一号货运飞船的交会对接，计划明年上半年实施。

　　“整个任务，计划在明年上半年全部完成。”周建平说。

　　天宫二号的“前身”是天宫一号目标飞行器的备份产品，也采用实验舱和资源舱两舱构型。为了适应新的使命任务，科研人员对其进行了改装。比如，为满足推进剂补加验证试验需要，对天宫二号的推进分系统进行了适应性改造；为满足中期驻留需要，对载人宜居环境做了重大改善，具备支持两名航天员在轨工作、生活30天的能力。

　　“所以说，天宫二号是中国真正意义上的空间实验室。天宫二号叫空间实验室，而天宫一号则是目标飞行器。”周建平说。

　　天宫二号具备中国空间站基本技术能力

　　根据计划，中国将在2020年前后建成空间站，其总体构型是三个舱段——一个核心舱、两个实验舱，每个舱都是20吨级，整体呈T字构型。

　　与空间站相比，8吨多重的天宫二号小了很多，也轻了不少，质量还不到空间站一个舱段的二分之一。

　　“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。作为一个长期在轨无人独立飞行、短期有人照料的在轨平台，天宫二号具备了空间站需要具备的基本能力。”周建平说。

　　天舟一号货运飞船在访问天宫二号时，可为天宫二号补加推进剂，使其在轨工作时间更长。“这是空间站建造非常重要的技术。”周建平解释，未来空间站需要持续在轨飞行十几年，无法一次把燃料、消耗品等都带上去，需要在轨补加，“就像空中加油一样”。

　　再过一段时间，两名男航天员将乘坐神舟十一号载人飞船进入太空，在天宫二号中工作和生活30天。“30天驻留的实现，将为中国今后空间站长期飞行积累经验。”周建平说。

　　中国明年进入空间站建设阶段

　　“空间实验室任务完成后，中国将会进入空间站建设阶段，我们将建造一个具有时代技术特征和中国特色的中国空间站。”周建平说，“2018年前后，中国将发射空间站核心舱。”

　　中国将建成一个比国际空间站运行经济性更好、信息化程度更高的空间站。“信息技术、再生环保、新能源、自动化和人工智能技术等，将综合体现在中国空间站上。”周建平说。

　　中国空间站比国际空间站规模要小一些，三舱组合体60多吨，最多对接两艘载人飞船和一艘货运飞船。“我们的空间站是可扩展的，将根据科学研究和国际合作的需要，在现在的构成基础上，进一步提高能力。”周建平说。

　　他透露，空间站建成后，额定设计容纳3名航天员。由于空间站需要连续驻人，之后将会采取乘组轮换制，因此在轮换期间空间站里最多能达到6名航天员。

　　中国载人航天飞行将常态化

　　自2003年杨利伟首飞太空以来，13年间中国先后有10名航天员进入太空。

　　“中国空间站建成后，载人航天飞行将成为常态。”周建平说，“一般来说，一年至少需要两个乘组、6名航天员进入空间站，这意味着航天员的飞行任务会越来越频繁。”

　　“我们会选拔和培养更多的航天员，将来也需要更多的航天员参加飞行，进入空间站。”周建平说。

　　即将于10月发射的神舟十一号载人飞船，将搭乘两名男航天员与天宫二号交会对接，不会出现女航天员的身影。

　　对此，周建平解释说，中国目前有10多名航天员，每名航天员都希望有飞行机会，但航天飞行安排有一个合理的周期。“如果有更多的航天员能够参加任务并积累飞行经验，对我们提高航天员队伍的全面能力和素质有很大的好处。”

　　中国现有刘洋、王亚平两名女航天员。“尽管这次不执行飞行任务，但她们始终在精心训练。”周建平说，“不久的将来，中国还会有女航天员参加太空飞行。”

　　中国具备开展载人登月的基本能力

　　国际上，许多科学家认为，火星是人类应该追求探索的重要目标。中国的火星探测器已进入研制阶段。对此，周建平坦言，火星探索是一个非常复杂的工程。

　　“现阶段而言，载人登月才是离人类更近的目标。”周建平认为，在月球上开展探索工作，要重视探索工作的有效性、持续性，并最终瞄准实现月球资源的开发和利用，“这是登陆火星之前必须要走的途径”。

　　“从技术上讲，中国航天具备了开展载人登月的基本能力。”周建平说，载人登月在技术上比现阶段进行的载人飞行更复杂，规模也更大，要实现这一目标，中国在技术上仍然面临许多挑战：需要更大运载能力的火箭、可载人着陆月面并返回的飞行器和新的地月往返飞船……

　　海南文昌可能成为中国第二个载人航天发射场

　　根据计划，中国空间站及货运飞船等，都将在新建成的海南文昌航天发射场发射。

　　海南文昌会不会成为中国第二个载人航天发射场？周建平说，如果实施载人登月工程，海南发射场从技术上讲是更好的选择，“但现在的载人航天发射还是选择在酒泉”。

　　周建平表示，长征七号等新一代火箭有更强大的运载能力，使用的是无毒无污染的推进剂，所以在研发这些火箭的时候，也考虑到今后替代常规推进剂发射载人飞船的需求。

责任编辑：高玉营

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天宫二号

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