Labor productivity is only United States | 7.4%| resource tax | productivity _ news
According to the Guangming daily reported on September 18, China's labor productivity is only equivalent to the United States of 7.4%, but grew quickly, has great potential.
In August 2015, "8·11" moved the same day, the people's daily has published articles Asian Investment Bank President Jin Liqun pointed out: to improve labour productivity, in the next 10 years, China can span "middle-income trap", by relying on cheap labor to rely on high productivity-led growth model key.
Labour productivity is to determine whether a country's economy has the hallmark indicators of future growth. National Bureau of statistics released the latest data show that nearly 20 years, with the United States, the eurozone, Japan, and India and compared to the world average, China's productivity growth is fastest. But at the same time in 2015, China's productivity level is only 40% of the world average, the equivalent of United States labour productivity 7.4%.
How China's still low level of labour productivity growth rate but the actual facts? How big is the meaning of promotion for China's sustainable development of productivity? Where is the room for improvement in the future?
35 processing hundreds of thousands of airplane parts, we do not have a defective old aviation worker Hu Shuang Fast show that China's economy more dynamic
International comparison report published recently by the international statistical information center of concern, data indicate that far exceeded the world's average labour productivity growth in China and other major economies.
From 1996 to 2015 in 20 years, China's output per labor (labor productivity) increase, an annual average growth rate of 8.6%, significantly higher than the world average of 1.3%, significantly higher than the United States 1.6% growth. Especially in front of the international financial crisis 2005-2007, respectively, and 10.3% and 13.1% over the previous year, reaching double-digit growth.
In 1996, China's output per labour only $ 1535, after steadily improving. In 2015, China's output per labor increased from $ 7318, than in 1996 grew by nearly 4 times.
However, the data also showed that the units work output is still low in China. In 2015, China's output per labor was $ 7318, significantly lower than the world average of 18487 dollars. And the United States compared with $ 98990, a huge disparity.
"Although low levels of output per labor in China, but growth is faster. It also reflected the Chinese economy more dynamic, future growth potential. "The report points out that international statistical information center.
"Can't be smug because our productivity growth is higher than in developed countries, it was decided by the different stages of development. Developing countries is equivalent to a puberty of boys, and grow faster, this is normal. "The Chief Economist of the State information center, Mr Fan said in an interview," but does not mean strong, current investment in research and development as a proportion of GDP in developed countries is much higher than the us, future economic development must rely on innovation-driven, relying on total factor productivity increase. ”
Improving productivity is of great significance
"Do not speak can't run, the gap does not always gaps. "Fan Jianping noted that gaps are potentials, China is struggling to deal with current economic downward pressure on China to maintain steady and sustainable growth, the key point is to improve the quality of the labor force, to further develop the quality of population dividend, increase productivity through scientific and technological progress.
In 2026, the Chinese will enter deep population continues to age, to achieve rapid growth in China's economy, we must face the challenge of young labor force reduction and adjustment in labor costs. Shift from low-cost labor advantage the advantage of scientific and technological innovation, China's economy will achieve transformation.
Mr Fan believes that if labor costs rise too fast, technology and quality of the workforce failed to improve, upgrade will have impacts on productivity. Since the international financial crisis, China's average annual wage for urban workers rose 13.2%, labor productivity increased by 11%, wage rise higher than the rise in labour productivity will affect the efficiency of overall economic growth.
National Bureau of statistics reported, labor productivity is highly correlated with economic growth, from the average level of the world, when productivity growth accelerated, economic growth has also accelerated; fall in productivity growth, the economic growth will slow.
"Under the new normal in economy, continue to rely on factors high intensity inputs, capacity expansion and progressive wave-style consumption to promote economic growth, has been more and more go up, only increasing factor productivity can effectively hedge against rising factor costs, enhance enterprise competitiveness; only increase production efficiency, fundamentally in order to increase profits, incomes and Government tax conditions. "Wang yiming, Deputy Director of development research center of the State Council of China said.
"Excessive dependence on natural resources development must be to rely more on human resources change, the full utilization of human resources, and improve productivity in order to meet the need of upgrading of industrial structure and adjustment of the economic structure. "The Chinese Academy of social sciences, Director of the Institute of industrial economics, Huang Qunhui, told reporters.
China's labour productivity is improved
"In the future, there is still room to improve labor productivity in China. It can be expected that labour productivity in China maintained a fast growth in the future for a long time, and still plenty of room for improvement. "--NBS report pointed out.
Mr Fan believes that China's labor productivity is an important foundation talent dividend. From data see, currently China labor age population average by education years reached 10 years around, above world average level, added labor average by education years reached 13 years around, close medium developed average level; on the, China of education mode are gradually perfect, are gradually from to gets knowledge mainly, to stressed innovation thinking of quality education mode change, this conducive to future China productivity of continued growth.
"Public undertaking, the much anticipated innovation around the world, has and will continue to make remarkable achievements, which would continue to improve labor productivity. "Huang Qunhui pointed out that in five new development concept of the first innovative ideas, and total factor productivity is directly related to the reconfiguration of social resources in the supply side structural reform to solve excess capacity, facilitate the promotion of business efficiency and resource allocation rate, is a major innovation, enhance the production efficiency has an important role.
"This year, the State has made many policy adjustments, establishment of innovation institutions. Past development input cannot meter into GDP, local government from steel, and cement of large input in the produced GDP growth, now development input meter into GDP accounting, this items reform is a is good of baton; while, on enterprise of development input arrived buckle income tax of policy for optimization, makes more of enterprise development input can enjoy this policy, also on Qian three years of input for has dates back arrived buckle. Structural tax reductions, so that scarce tax resources for enterprise development. "Mr Fan said.
Mr Fan stressed that China also faces many obstacles to innovation in science and technology, intellectual property protection is not enough, "shanzhai" products too much, original enthusiasm is not high. The rule of law, protection of intellectual property rights should be strengthened. Through policy changes and put an end to the real estate industry profits, enhance the return of the real economy and scientific and technological research and development.
Responsible editor: Wei chun
Article keywords:Resource revenue productivity
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中国劳动生产率仅是美国7.4%|资源|税收|劳动生产率_新闻资讯
据《光明日报》9月18日报道，目前中国劳动生产率仅相当于美国的7.4%，但增速很快，潜力巨大。
2015年8月，“8·11”汇改当天，《人民日报》曾刊出亚投行行长金立群的文章，指出：提高劳动生产率，是未来10年中国能否跨越“中等收入陷阱”，由依靠廉价劳动力转向依靠高生产率导向的增长模式的关键所在。
劳动生产率是决定一国经济是否具有未来增长性的标志性指标。国家统计局发布的最新数据表明，近20年时间，与美国、欧元区、日本、印度和世界平均水平相比，中国劳动生产率增速是最快的。但同时，2015年中国劳动生产率水平仅为世界平均水平的40%，相当于美国劳动生产率的7.4%。
如何看待中国劳动生产率增速快但实际水平仍较低的事实？劳动生产率提升对于中国可持续发展的意义有多大？未来提升的空间在哪里？
35年加工数十万飞机零件，没有出现一个次品的老航空工人胡双钱 增速快表明中国经济较有活力
国家统计局国际统计信息中心日前发布的国际比较报告引人关注，多项数据表明，中国劳动生产率增速远超世界平均水平和其他主要经济体。
1996年到2015年的20年间，中国单位劳动产出（劳动生产率）大幅提高，年平均增速为8.6%，大大高于1.3%的同期世界平均水平，明显高于美国1.6%的增速。尤其是在国际金融危机前的2005—2007年，分别比上年增长10.3%、12%和13.1%，均达到了两位数的增长。
1996年，中国单位劳动产出仅有1535美元，此后逐年稳步提高。2015年，中国单位劳动产出提高至7318美元，比1996年增长了将近4倍。
然而，数据也表明，中国单位劳动产出仍然较低。2015年，中国单位劳动产出只有7318美元，明显低于世界平均水平18487美元。与美国的98990美元相比，差距更大。
“中国虽然单位劳动产出水平较低，但增速较快。这也反映出中国经济较有活力，未来增长潜力较大。”国家统计局国际统计信息中心发布的报告指出。
“不能因为我们的劳动生产率增速比发达国家高就沾沾自喜，这是由不同的发展阶段决定的。发展中国家相当于一个处在青春发育期的小伙子，个头长得比较快，这很正常。”国家信息中心首席经济师范剑平在接受记者采访时说，“但快不等于强，目前发达国家研发投入占GDP的比例比我们要高得多，未来经济的可持续发展必须靠创新驱动，靠全要素劳动生产率的提升。”
提升劳动生产率意义重大
“成绩不讲跑不了，差距不讲永远是差距。”范剑平指出，差距也是潜力，目前中国正在努力应对经济下行压力，中国要保持平稳可持续的增长，关键的着力点是要提高劳动力的素质，进一步开发人口质量红利，通过科技进步提高劳动生产率。
2026年，中国将进入深度老龄化时代，中国经济要实现中高速增长，就必须面对年轻劳动力减少和劳动力成本调整的挑战。由低成本的劳动力优势转向科技创新的优势，中国经济才能真正实现转型。
范剑平认为，如果劳动力价格上升得过快，劳动力技术和素质没能相应的提升，对劳动生产率的提升就会有影响。国际金融危机以来，中国城镇职工工资年均上涨13.2%，劳动生产率上升11%，工资上涨高于劳动生产率的上升，会影响整体经济增长的效率。
国家统计局的报告指出，劳动生产率与经济增长高度相关，从世界平均水平来看，劳动生产率增速加快时，经济增速也加快；劳动生产率增速回落时，经济增速亦减缓。
“在经济新常态下，继续依靠要素高强度投入、产能大规模扩张和消费排浪式递进来拉动经济高速增长，已经越来越走不下去了，只有提高要素生产效率，才能有效对冲要素成本上升，提高企业竞争力；也只有提高生产效率，才能从根本上为增加企业利润、居民收入和政府税收创造条件。”中国国务院发展研究中心副主任王一鸣说。
“必须把过度依赖自然资源的发展方式向更多依靠人力资源转变，注意人力资源的充分开发利用，切实提升劳动生产率，以适应产业结构升级和经济结构调整的需要。”中国社科院工业经济研究所所长黄群慧告诉记者。
中国劳动生产率仍有提升空间
“未来，中国劳动生产率仍有提升空间。可以预期，中国劳动生产率将在未来较长时间内保持较快增长，提升的空间仍然较大。”——国家统计局报告分析指出。
范剑平认为，中国劳动生产率提升的一个重要基础是人才红利。从数据看，目前中国劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限达到10年左右，高于世界平均水平，新增劳动力平均受教育年限达到13年左右，接近中等发达国家平均水平；另一方面，中国的教育模式正逐步完善，正逐步从以获取知识为主，向强调创新思维的素质教育模式转变，这有利于未来中国劳动生产率的持续增长。
“大众创业、万众创新蔚然成风，已经并将继续取得明显成效，这有利于持续提高中国劳动生产率。”黄群慧指出，位于五大新发展理念之首的创新理念，与全要素生产率直接相关，在供给侧结构性改革中重新配置社会资源，化解过剩产能，促进企业效益和资源配置率的提升，是一种重大创新，对于提升生产效率具有重要作用。
“今年，国家进行了很多政策调整，进行创新体制的建立。过去研发投入不能计入GDP，地方政府从钢筋、水泥的大量投入中产生GDP增长，现在研发投入计入GDP核算，这项改革是一个很好的指挥棒；同时，对企业的研发投入抵扣所得税的政策进行优化，使更多的企业研发投入可以享受这个政策，还对前三年的投入进行了追溯抵扣。结构性减税，使有限的减税资源用于企业的研发。”范剑平说。
范剑平强调，目前中国在科技创新方面还面临着很多障碍，知识产权保护不够，“山寨”产品太多，原创的积极性不高。依法治国、知识产权的保护力度要加强。要通过政策调整，杜绝房地产行业暴利的现象，提升实体经济和科技研发的回报率。
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文章关键词： 资源 税收 劳动生产率
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