China's first national gene bank began operations there are | | life Bank _ the gene pool news
In Western mythology, Noah built an Ark, with a variety of animals, birds, avoid flood and weathered the "end of the world".

A seed, a cell, a tube of blood, spittle, a section of DNA, one data ... ... These humble "now" may be the future of biological technology, and masonry industries. In the real world, United States, European Union and Japan all have world-class gene pool, master the life times of strategic resources.

22nd began operating in Shenzhen's national gene bank with "retained in the present and building the future," the mission was born. China will have such a "Noah's Ark", carrying human and other genetic samples and code.

This was taken on June 23, the national gene pool Interior. Mao Siqian Xinhua photo

　　What's in the national gene pool?

In gene times, such of future can period: to hospital doctor, just himself of gene as "id" and records; wants to "youth", save intact of stem cell on can easily get; cute of Panda no longer rare, on in you home garden in lazy to NAP; ancient of dinosaur, and mammoth as not only live in effects in, they in Museum wonderful of night real resurrection......

To this future and need some solid "brick"--biological samples and data. This is the only location of a national gene bank: effective protection, development and utilization of genetic resources, and raise the level of China's life science and bio-industry development, maintenance of national information security, global development of life sciences.

In 2011, 4 ministries such as China's national development and Reform Commission approved based on huada Genomics Institute, Shenzhen set up gene banks.

National gene banks in Shenzhen Dapeng area at the foot of Mt, one covering an area of 47,500 square meters. There is almost isolated from the outside world, like Xanadu. Walked into the building on top of layers of terraces, an indoor green building, three-layer from the layer, in turn, will see large high-throughput gene sequencing, supercomputing, and frozen resources.

This appearance was taken on September 6, the national gene pool. Mao Siqian Xinhua photo

"Three-two platforms", is the national gene pool Mei Yonghong, Director describes the gene pool of content using the highest of a concept.

According to Mei Yonghong introduction, with the United States, the European Union and Japan the other three different levels of the gene pool of the world, China National gene bank is not just a database, but international existing Biobanks, databases, biodiversity, disease and so on comprehensive upgrades. In addition to "dry" (that is, genes, proteins, molecular, multi-omics database of biological information such as images), the "wet" (diversity of biological samples and genetic resources), the national gene pool also introduces "living library", that is, living, includes animals, plants, microbes and marine resources, etc.

Bioinformatics database at the national gene bank (on September 6). Mao Siqian Xinhua photo

May wish to think of it as a carrier: it is a Museum, Botanical Garden, Zoo, Aquarium, Museum collection of microorganisms, stored here will be not only a prototype and physical specimens, as well as a seed, a cell, a tube of blood, spittle, a section of DNA, one data ... ...

"Both platform" refers to the digital platform, and synthesis and editing platform. "Three two-platform" construction, final data so as to solve life's "save, read, understand, and write," 5.

"The layman's terms, we have to collect biological resources all over the world, using sequencing genetic data to read everything, using supercomputers to calculate the results, write code to life with synthesis and editing platform, last used for the service of humanity. "Mei Yonghong said.

On September 6, the staff at the national gene bank operations gene sequencers. Mao Siqian Xinhua photo

At present, the national gene pool has been storing samples of biological resources of 10 million copies initially established genetic information data and biological samples collection, storage, management, standards and technical specifications, Shenzhen issued local standard 5, apply for international and domestic standards 10, application 46 patents at home and abroad, published 8 monographs of genetic resources. Currently international/national key scientific research projects have been carried out more than 20 items, cooperation projects were published more than 140 scientific papers, including nature, science, cell and other well-known scientific journals published more than 30 scientific papers.

　　National gene pool as our "life Bank"

"On the big" national gene pool seems very far away, but in fact are closely related to everyone. BGI Chairman Wang Jian said that specimens of all critical stages in the life of each person should be permanently preserved: from birth of stem cells, immune cells at the age of 20, to 30 years old germ cell ... ... While the national gene pool, is the place to store these samples and data, like our "life."

"This is similar to take pictures of yourself at different stages of life, if we are not ready, you may never make up. "Wang Jian says," old photos can only do with memory, but we are in a different phase into life banks ' younger samples, but is more useful when we are older, and may even help at a critical moment. ”

What is the storage of these data? Starting from a few years ago, Wang Jian began to consciously stored their own health data. The result of this is, he knows their body changes, and based on these data to design their own diet, exercise and the pace of life, "confrontation" aging. He said that as the national gene pool storage capacity increases, there will be more people in the future can store and take control of their own health data and live a healthier life.

On August 10, the staff will be saved in cell samples in liquid nitrogen at-196 ℃. Mao Siqian Xinhua photo

In addition to individual national gene pool is important for biodiversity conservation. At present, the protection of the human environment, protection of species diversity has become essential. Wang Jian said of an endangered species, we need to store these resources as soon as possible, and to account to the future generations.

　　Life, "Treasury", open platform

Humanity is increasingly recognized importance of genetic resources and the protection of diversity of life on Earth. Internationally, Norway the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, United States natural history museum, United Kingdom library came into being, such as biological samples, in particular the United States, Europe, Japan has established a large genome database, these three libraries of bioinformatics data covers almost all known DNA, RNA, and protein data.

National gene bank Executive Director, Xu said: "China's urgent need for such a platform at national level with Chinese characteristics of biological samples and genetic data for effective conservation, management and rational utilization. ”

"The gene pool of life sciences ' Treasury ', valuable than a bank vault. "Mei Yonghong said that core resources are arable land of the impergium, the industrial age is the energy, and the era of life science is gene. Genetic resources has become an important national strategic resources, such as precision medicine depend to a large extent on the genetic interpretation of results. "Precision medicine development and competition in the future, is the analysis of access to genetic resources and to a certain extent."

It was filmed on September 6 at the national gene pool Super Sequencer. Mao Siqian Xinhua photo

National gene bank will maintain an open attitude. At present, the national gene pool has been with the United Nations food and Agriculture Organization, consultative group on international agricultural research, the international biological and environmental sample Library Association, Norway the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, United States Museum of natural history more than more than 100 organizations and research institutions to establish strategic cooperative relations, human health, biodiversity, biological evolution and to engage in collaborative research.

"In terms of conservation of seed diversity, we need to rely on each other on a global scale, hand in hand. "Norway the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, officials say, and look forward to further cooperation and China National gene bank, which under the international challenges such as climate change and population protection of seed diversity," we all have a responsibility to protect these seeds to feed us. "

"The national gene pool is an open platform, a gene pool resources are always limited, and we want a better mechanism, to bend nature to human genetic resources can be fully understanding and use. "Mei Yonghong said the national gene banks in the future will transcend national borders and more resources on a global scale.

"National gene banks are also facing great challenges, especially with the international conventions and standards. "Wang, Assistant Director of the food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations said," but we believe that the national gene pool will have a profound impact on the development of gene technology in the future. ”

Responsible editor: Qiao Leihua SN098

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中国首个国家基因库开始运营 里面都有啥|基因库|生命银行_新闻资讯
　　在西方神话中，诺亚建造了一艘方舟，带着各种牲畜、鸟类等，躲避了大洪水，安然渡过“世界末日”。

　　一粒种子、一个细胞、一管血液、一口唾沫、一段脱氧核糖核酸、一条数据……这些不起眼的“现在”可能是构建未来生物科技和产业的砖石。在现实世界中，美国、欧盟和日本都拥有世界级基因库，由此掌握生命经济时代的战略性资源。

　　22日起在深圳开始运营的国家基因库正是带着“留存现在、缔造未来”的使命诞生。中国将拥有这样一艘“诺亚方舟”，承载人类及其他生物的遗传样本和密码。

这是6月23日拍摄的国家基因库内景。 新华社记者 毛思倩 摄

　　国家基因库里有什么？

　　在基因时代，这样的未来可期：到医院看病，只需自己的基因作为“身份证”和病历；想“返老还童”，保存完好的干细胞就能轻松搞定；憨态可掬的大熊猫不再稀奇，就在你家庭院里懒洋洋地打盹；远古的恐龙、猛犸象不只活在特效里，它们在博物馆奇妙之夜真实复活……

　　通向这样的未来，需要一些坚实的“砖石”——生物样本和数据。这正是中国唯一一座国家基因库的定位：有效保护、开发、利用遗传资源，提高中国生命科学研究和生物产业发展水平，维护国家生物信息安全，助力全球生命科学发展。

　　2011年，中国国家发展改革委员会等4部委批复同意深圳依托华大基因研究院组建国家基因库。

　　国家基因库位于深圳市大鹏新区观音山脚下，一期占地面积4.75万平方米。这里几乎与外界隔离，恍若世外桃源。走进建在层层梯田之上、室内绿意盎然的建筑，从一层上三层，依次会看到庞大的高通量基因测序房、超级计算房以及冷冻资源房。

这是9月6日拍摄的国家基因库外观。 新华社记者 毛思倩 摄

　　“三库两平台”，是国家基因库主任梅永红描述基因库内容时使用频次最高的一个概念。

　　据梅永红介绍，与美国、欧盟、日本其他三大世界级的基因库不同，中国国家基因库不仅仅是数据库，而是国际上现有的各类生物样本库、数据库、生物多样性库、疾病库等的综合升级版。除了“干库”（即基因、蛋白、分子、影像等多组学生物信息数据库）、“湿库”（多样性生物样本和物种遗传资源库）之外，国家基因库还引入了“活库”，即生物活体库，包括动物资源、植物资源、微生物资源和海洋资源等。

国家基因库的生物信息数据库（9月6日摄）。新华社记者 毛思倩 摄

　　不妨把它想象成这样一个载体：它是人类博物馆、植物园、动物园、海洋馆、微生物馆的集合，这里存储的将不仅是一个个标本原型和实物，还有一粒种子、一个细胞、一管血液、一口唾沫、一段脱氧核糖核酸、一条数据……

　　“两平台”指的是数字化平台和合成与编辑平台。“三库两平台”的建设，最终为的是解决生命数据的“存、读、懂、写、用”5个作用。

　　“通俗地说，就是我们要把全球的生物资源都收集起来，用测序仪读取万物的遗传数据，用超级计算机算出结果，用合成与编辑平台写出生命代码，最后用来为人类服务。”梅永红说。

9月6日，工作人员在国家基因库操作基因测序仪。新华社记者 毛思倩 摄

　　目前，国家基因库已存储多种生物资源样本1000万份；初步建立基因信息数据和生物样本采集、存储、管理相关标准和技术规范，发布深圳市地方标准5项，申请国际、国内标准10项，申请国内外专利46项，出版基因资源专著8本。目前已开展国际/国家重点科研项目20余项，合作项目共发表论文140余篇，其中在《自然》《科学》《细胞》等知名科研杂志上发表论文30余篇。

　　国家基因库像我们的“生命银行”

　　“高大上”的国家基因库看似很遥远，但其实跟每个人都息息相关。华大基因董事长汪建说，每个人一生中所有关键阶段的标本都应该永久保存起来：从出生时的干细胞，到20岁时的免疫细胞，到30岁时的生殖细胞……而国家基因库，就是储存这些样本和数据的地方，像我们的“生命银行”。

　　“这类似于在人生的不同阶段给自己拍照片，如果我们不拍，那就永远拍不到了。”汪建说，“老照片只能拿来做留念，但是我们在不同阶段存进‘生命银行’的年轻样本，却是在我们越老的时候越有用，甚至可能在关键时刻救命。”

　　存储这些数据到底有什么作用？从数年前开始，汪建就开始有意识地存储自己的健康数据。这样做的结果是，他对自己身体变化状况了如指掌，并且根据这些数据设计自己的饮食、运动和生活节奏，“对抗”衰老。他说，随着国家基因库存储容量的增加，未来将会有更多人可以储存和掌握自己的健康数据，过上更健康的生活。

8月10日，工作人员将细胞样本放入-196℃的液氮中保存。新华社记者 毛思倩 摄

　　除了对个人，国家基因库对保护生物多样性也有重要意义。目前，保护人类生存环境，保护物种的多样性已刻不容缓。汪建说，对濒危的生命物种，我们需要尽快地将这些资源存储起来，向子孙后代做一个交代。

　　生命的“国库”，开放的平台

　　人类越来越认识到基因资源以及保护地球生物多样性的重要。国际上，挪威斯瓦尔巴全球种子库、美国自然历史博物馆、英国生物样本库等应运而生，尤其是美国、欧洲、日本先后建立了大型基因数据库，这三大库里的生物信息数据几乎涵盖所有已知的脱氧核糖核酸、核糖核酸和蛋白质数据。

　　国家基因库执行主任徐讯说：“中国亟须这样一个平台，从国家层面对具有中国特色的生物样本和基因数据进行有效保存、管理和合理利用。”

　　“基因库是生命科学的‘国库’，比银行的金库还要宝贵。”梅永红说，农耕时代的核心资源是耕地，工业时代是能源，而生命科学时代则是基因。基因资源目前已成为重要的国家战略资源，如精准医学很大程度上依赖对基因解读的结果。“未来精准医学方面的发展和竞争，一定程度上是基因资源的获得与解析”。

这是9月6日在国家基因库拍摄的超级测序仪。新华社记者 毛思倩 摄

　　国家基因库将保持开放姿态。目前，国家基因库已与联合国粮食及农业组织、国际农业研究磋商小组、国际生物及环境样本库协会、挪威斯瓦尔巴全球种子库、美国自然历史博物馆等100多个组织和科研机构建立战略合作关系，在人类健康、生物多样性、生物进化机制等方面开展合作研究。

　　“在保护种子多样性方面，我们需要在全球范围内互相依靠，携手共进。”挪威斯瓦尔巴全球种子库相关负责人表示，期待未来和中国国家基因库进一步合作，从而在环境变化和人口剧增等国际性挑战下保护种子多样性，“我们所有人都有职责来保护这些养活我们的种子”。

　　“国家基因库是开放的平台，一个基因库拥有的资源总是有限的，我们希望通过更好的机制，让大自然馈赠给人类的基因资源能被我们充分地认知和利用。”梅永红说，未来国家基因库一定会超越国界，在全球范围内集聚更多资源。

　　“国家基因库也面临着很大的挑战，尤其是如何跟国际公约、标准接轨。”联合国粮食及农业组织助理总干事王韧说，“但是我们相信，国家基因库将在未来对基因科技的发展产生深远影响。”

责任编辑：乔雷华 SN098

文章关键词：
基因库 生命银行

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