MO-why satellite delayed liftoff, Chief Scientist to disclose reasons quantum communication | Mo | | _ news
File photo: August 16, 2016, at 1:40, at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China with a long second d carrier rocket successfully put the world's first quantum scientific experimental satellite (referred to as "quantum satellite") launch (imposition). Jin Liwang Xinhua photo

Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, September 21- question: three hot topic How do quantum communication--quantum dialogue satellite Pan Jianwei, Chief Scientist

Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Lin

On August 16, the world's first quantum scientific experiment satellite "Mozi" successfully launched more than a month. Theoretical significance is not afraid of any monitoring of quantum communication, crowding the screen at the same time, can they really be absolutely safe, is questioning was abandoned by Europe, scientific research, have never ceased. The rush of capital markets, is to let a lot of quantum theory of "rush".

From the perspective of whether the Collider, built the collision, to questions about quantum communications, science welcome debate, but also true. 20th, Deputy President of the China University of science and technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, quantum information and quantum science and technology academician Pan Jianwei, Director of the Centre of excellence innovation in Shanghai "dialogue Zhangjiang" activity, problems of interpretation in quantum communication.

　　On security: anti-jamming ability? Is stable enough?

Quantum satellite days there challenged network, this is not Europe, not playing field? If Europe can never do it, we can do it? In international competition in the field of quantum communication, said Pan Jianwei, China is leading, in Europe and also in its layout.

For example recently, the United States National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) publication entitled the development of quantum information science: report on the challenges and opportunities of the country. In May this year, the European Commission in the Netherlands in Amsterdam of the European Conference on quantum announced plans launched a € 1 billion flagship quantum technology.

"Over the past number of years our research and run for too long, many people even think is good for everything like in Europe, behind only reasonable, this feeling is very bad. This is what we called ' mo ' reasons. "Pan Jianwei said that Mo's first experiments show that light travels along straight lines, proposed the particle concept and prototype of the Newton law of inertia, known as" Saint ". "We want to remind everyone by name, the Chinese can also do very good science. There, now, there will be more in the future. ”

Quantum secure communications, the network has questioned on grounds that, if when a password information tapped, it will change the State of a quantum hacking exposed, this password will be discarded; then, if this hacking behavior persists, the password has been abandoned, does that mean that the key will never transfer, absolute safety at the expense of the stability?

Faced with this challenge, Pan Jianwei responded, the State described above, is to interfere with the communication process. If the interference has been carried out, other modes of traffic can continue. Both quantum communication, or traditional communications, if you want to not work, jamming the cost is the same.

"Traditional communication anti-jamming ability is not stronger than the quantum communication, but usually people do not want to interfere with you, can't wait to you has been said to steal more information. "Pan Jianwei said, for example, if an eavesdropper has control of the entire network, whether it is the classic communication, quantum communications, unable to continue. But if you don't have control of the entire network, the uncertainty principle of quantum, you can let the transmission do unconditionally secure.

In fact, many people are worried about, now key is encrypted by quantum quantum communication, and other information or classic communications, can achieve absolute security?

Pan Jianwei says, there are countless experiments proved that the principle of quantum entanglement. Two entangled particles, if one measured experimental data of 100KM in another collapse may also occur. "Maybe we still do not understand why the collapse, but this does not preclude useful attempts based on this. ”

Quantum encryption is to try one. Pan Jianwei introduced, usually by telephone, mail and other communications, classic communications has been able to do very well, just to set the password via quantum encryption is complete, addressing security issues, there will be a variety of quantum transport in large volumes of information.

Profile picture: this is the quantum magnetic tests conducted at 812 satellite (on December 2, 2014). Xinhua News Agency (Institute of Innovation Research Institute of micro-satellites image)

　　On the future: "mo" satellite is one yet?

Planning for the future of quantum satellite, Pan Jianwei hopes that satellite within five years all weather "communications" as soon as possible "asterism" complete wide-area transmission.

Scheduled for launch in July on the timing of "Mozi" chose to officially launched in mid-August, put the nearly 1 month off was speculation. Introduced Pan Jianwei, suddenly discovered that laser energy plummeted before launch, blindly launches "Mozi" is likely to be a "blind" to the ground from a height of beam alignment cannot be completed. "But so far launched more than a month, MO, all the in-orbit testing is very good, we have confidence in follow-up experiments. ”

2011 project, quantum satellite launch in 2016, only five years, in fact from the multidisciplinary technical team for their reserve a 20-year period, use of special skill. Pan Jianwei believes that this is not a company, one of the results.

For example, the CAS Shanghai Institute of technical physics, Chengdu Institute of optoelectronics provides optical technology with second; solving stability problems of the micro-satellite innovation Institute for satellite, and so on. Pan Jianwei introduced their technical team is primarily responsible for from trillions of photons in the beam release, filter out sunlight, a photon is found, and load the information, "should be accurate than a needle in a haystack."

However, the future to realize wide-area quantum communications, a satellite is far from enough. "Mo," as a Pathfinder, undertaking exploration and research, such as multiple tasks. "For example, a satellite from orbit per day after Shanghai probably has only one axle, only hundreds of seconds, can send 10,000 keys per second, hundreds of seconds could send millions of key information. There are so many users, it is far from enough. "Pan Jianwei said.

Pan Jianwei, said hope through five years ' time, there were at least two satellites during the day do experiments, solve the problem of communication between satellites and satellite all weather. Through the efforts of a decade or so to form a "Constellation", combined with ground stations, and gradually built up a world of one of quantum communication wide-area transmission network.

　　On industrialization: the pursuit of capital market, OK?

Quantum satellite industrialization, said Pan Jianwei, steadily, and not let Li GUI concepts.

"Mo" after liftoff, quantum communication becomes absolute in science "net red", has also become a sought after direction of capital market. According to incomplete statistics, currently no fewer than ten of the quantum theory of the capital markets unit. Search the e-commerce platform, there are many "quantum magnetic detector" and other products, even breeds "quantum medicine" concept.

"Concepts in quantum communication very overheated, I was worried, this is not a scientific approach". Pan Jianwei said that, on the one hand public advocate of the scientific concepts to produce a sense of worship, popular science propaganda have not done enough on the other hand, many businesses use "concept" packaging, to deceive the public.

Pan Jianwei, for example, a while ago and relatives said, hung up on a quantum pendant in front every day, it can emit something, might prevent cancer; back others say using "quantum wave" hit the nectarines, and grow this Nectarine will be particularly good for the body. "Think some people hype the so-called ' nano ', make people laugh and cry. ”

Experts point out that quantum technology application prospect is very good, but true to the people living at least 10-15 years. Due to the high cost, current users of quantum communication is mainly the Government, the military, financial institutions, large corporations, and so on. Pan Jianwei said that if spread to every household and renovation of equipment, increase of quantum transport key chip on the phone, after 15 years in every household is not impossible.

"Li GUI mess may mess with the concept of quantum. Many companies near the concept, but also to take advantage of the capital market. "Pan Jianwei said that investors in the quantum of investment stocks, using quantum product to figure out whether" quantum ". If not judge for yourself, and welcome to consult the scientists involved.

Responsible editor: Zheng Hanxing

Article keywords:
Quantum communications, MO

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墨子号卫星为何推迟升空 首席科学家披露原因|量子|通信|墨子号_新闻资讯
　　资料图片：2016年8月16日1时40分，中国在酒泉卫星发射中心用长征二号丁运载火箭成功将世界首颗量子科学实验卫星（简称“量子卫星”）发射升空（拼版照片）。 新华社记者 金立旺 摄

　　新华社上海9月21日电 题：量子通信三大焦点话题怎么看——对话量子卫星首席科学家潘建伟

　　新华社记者周琳

　　离8月16日世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”成功发射升空已有月余。理论意义上不惧怕任何监听的量子通信，在刷屏同时，是否真正能做到绝对安全、是不是被欧美科研抛弃的质疑，一直不绝于耳。资本市场的热捧，更是让不少量子概念“一拥而上”。

　　从对撞机建否的观点碰撞，到对量子通信的质疑，科学欢迎争鸣、却也分真假。20日，中国科学技术大学常务副校长、中科院量子信息与量子科技前沿卓越创新中心主任潘建伟院士在上海参加“对话张江”活动时，对量子通信的一些问题作了解读。

　　关于安全：抗干扰能力如何？是否够稳定？

　　量子卫星上天后，网络上有文章质疑表示，这是不是欧美不玩的领域？如果是欧美都做不好的，我们能做好吗？针对在量子通信领域的国际竞争格局，潘建伟表示，中国正在领跑，欧美也在加紧布局。

　　例如近期，美国国家科学技术委员会（NSTC）发布题为《发展量子信息科学：国家的挑战与机遇》的报告。今年5月，欧盟委员会在荷兰阿姆斯特丹举办的欧洲量子会议上宣布，计划启动10亿欧元量子技术旗舰计划。

　　“过去我们的科研跟跑的年数太久了，很多人甚至认为好的东西都得跟在欧美后面才合理，这种感受很不好。这就是我们取名‘墨子号’的原因。”潘建伟说，墨子最早用实验证明光沿着直线传播，提出粒子概念和牛顿惯性定律的雏形，因此被称为“科圣”。“我们想用名字提醒大家，中国人也可以做很好的科学。从前有、现在有，将来会有更多。”

　　对于量子通信的安全性，网络上有质疑声音认为，如果说当一段密码信息被窃听，就会改变量子的状态而暴露窃听行为，这一段密码会被废弃；那么，如果这种窃听行为一直存在，密码一直废弃，是不是意味着密钥永远无法传输，绝对安全其实牺牲了传输的稳定性？

　　面对这一质疑，潘建伟回应表示，上述描述的状态，是对通信的过程造成干扰。如果干扰一直在进行，其他的通信模式同样无法继续。无论是量子通信，还是传统通信，如果想要其无法进行，进行干扰的成本是一样的。

　　“传统通信的抗干扰能力并不比量子通信强，只不过平时别人不想干扰你，恨不得你一直在说，以窃取更多的信息。”潘建伟说，举例来说，如果有窃听者控制了整个网络，无论是经典通信、量子通信，都无法继续进行。但如果没有控制整个网络，量子的测不准等原理，可以让传输做到无条件安全。

　　事实上，不少人也担心，现在的量子通信只是密钥是通过量子加密的，其他信息还是经典通信，能实现绝对安全吗？

　　潘建伟表示，已有无数实验证明了量子纠缠态的原理。两颗处于纠缠态的粒子，如果对其中一个进行测量，实验数据中100KM外的另一个粒子也会发生相应塌缩。“或许我们现在还不明白为什么会产生塌缩，但这并不妨碍以此为基础进行有用的尝试。”

　　量子加密传输就是尝试之一。潘建伟介绍，平时的电话、邮件等沟通，经典通信已经能做到很好，只需要将密码通过量子加密完成，解决安全问题即可，无需将多种大容量的信息都进行量子传输。

　　资料图片：这是在812所进行磁测试的量子卫星（2014年12月2日摄）。新华社发（中科院微小卫星创新研究院供图）

　　关于未来：“墨子号”卫星是一锤子买卖吗？

　　对于量子卫星的未来规划，潘建伟希望，五年内卫星全天时“通信”，尽快形成“星群”完成广域传输。

　　原定于7月就择机发射的“墨子号”最终选择了8月中旬正式升空，推迟了近1个月的原因一直被猜测。潘建伟介绍，发射前忽然发现激光器能量快速下降，如果盲目发射，“墨子号”就可能成为一个“瞎子”，无法完成高空到地面的光束对准。“不过发射月余至今，墨子号所有在轨测试都是很良好的，我们对于完成后续实验很有信心。”

　　看似2011年立项、2016年发射的量子卫星只走过了五年时光，事实上来自多领域的技术团队为其储备了20年的时间，用上了看家本领。潘建伟认为，这并非一家、一人的成果。

　　例如，中科院上海技术物理研究所、中科院成都光电所提供的光学跟秒技术；中科院微小卫星创新研究院为卫星解决稳定性问题等。潘建伟介绍，自己的技术团队主要负责的是从光束释放的万万亿光子中，过滤掉太阳光，找出一个个光子并加载信息，“就要比大海捞针还要精确”。

　　但是，未来想要实现广域的量子通信，一颗卫星还远远不够。“墨子号”如同一个探路者，承担着探索和研究等多重任务。“譬如说，一颗卫星从轨道上每天经过上海大概只有一轨，也就只有几百秒，每秒钟可以送1万个密钥，几百秒可以送几百万密钥的信息。而有这么多用户，还远远不够。”潘建伟说。

　　潘建伟表示，希望能再通过五年时间，有至少两颗卫星都可以在白天做实验，解决卫星与卫星之间通讯全天时的问题。再通过十年左右的努力，形成“星群”，与地面的台站结合，逐步构建起天地一体的量子通信广域传输网络。

　　关于产业化：受资本市场追捧好不好？

　　对于量子卫星的产业化，潘建伟表示，要稳步推进，不能让一些李鬼把概念乱用。

　　“墨子号”升空后，量子通信成为科学界绝对的“网红”，也成为资本市场追捧的方向。根据不完全统计，目前资本市场的量子概念股就不下十家。在电商平台上搜索，还有不少“量子弱磁场检测仪”等产品，甚至还滋生出“量子医学”的概念。

　　“量子通信的概念炒得过热，我有些担心，这并不是科学的态度”。潘建伟说，一方面民众对科学概念的崇尚产生出崇拜感，而另一方面科普宣传做得还不够，不少商家就用“概念”包装，欺骗民众。

　　潘建伟举例说，前一阵子还有亲戚说，挂了一个量子挂坠在胸前，它每天能辐射出一些东西，可以防癌；前阵子还有人说用“量子波”打到油桃上面，这个油桃长出来就会对身体特别好。“联想到当年有人炒作所谓的‘纳米水’，让人哭笑不得。”

　　专家指出，量子技术的前景应用非常好，但真正应用到百姓生活起码还要10到15年。由于成本高等因素，目前量子通信的用户主要还是政府、军方、金融机构、大型企业等。潘建伟表示，如果光纤铺到千家万户且都改造了设备，在手机上增加量子传输密钥的芯片，15年后进入千家万户也并非不可能。

　　“李鬼乱搞可能把量子的概念乱用了。好多公司傍上概念，也是为了在资本市场套取好处。”潘建伟说，广大投资者在投资量子概念股、使用量子产品也要搞清楚，究竟是不是“真量子”。如果自己无法判断，欢迎来请教相关科学家。

责任编辑：郑汉星

文章关键词：
量子 通信 墨子号

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