Secret Temple on the second of three big guns: maintenance convenient-Temple on the second like a plug a USB memory stick-IT information

September 15 at 22 o'clock in the evening, under the long March rocket lifts, Temple on the second to the vast and desolate space, replacing its "big sister"-temple on the first, began to watch the divine land.

Not only is this temple on the second astronaut "home in space", but also as the first full-fledged space laboratory of China, responsible for many space technologies, product verification, then what is it worth? Reporters catch total of temple on the second Research Institute of aerospace science and Technology Corporation v (hereinafter referred to as the Academy) experts conduct an inventory.

Maintenance the same as plug USB and easy

Easy repair, is a large temple on the second killer. Science fiction movies, when a major equipment failure, researchers can plug a USB memory stick-like and quickly disconnect the damaged parts, insert a new part and equipment back to normal operation.

Now, this scenario will be shown in the temple on the second real.

According to Chief Designer of the temple on the second introduction of Zhu Congpeng, five branches by merging similar items of scientific research personnel concept, to the temple on the second power supply, thermal control and data management system to implement the integrated module design, to create a modular unit that can be quickly replaced .

Intelligent power distribution unit, five branches of scientific and technological personnel to meet the product long life, high reliability, ease of operation and other requirements, in China's space is used for the first time on the "plug" design simulation test on the ground, researchers need only take a few minutes to complete a repair/replacement .

This is the distribution from the 529 plant "housekeeping". As we all know, spacecraft power system reliability and security, has been one of spacecraft systems to focus on issues, and conventional spacecraft power systems core components "switch", often using mechanical contact of the relay switch, if mechanical contact "switch" fails, will have a significant impact on spacecraft performance and reliability.

In ordinary residential wall, there is a minor power control box being when an electrical short circuit, which switches automatically trip protection. Power supply power supply switch control box is one of the main functions, distribution of the temple on the second "House-keeper" not only unlike power switch that is powered on, also in failure cut off electricity, can automatically restore power supply to the fault repaired.

Of course, in the lab, researchers can only take a few minutes to complete a repair/replacement, but on the day, everything can seem different. To ensure the astronaut in the space environment will be able to operate, these researchers also adopted multiple simulation test, produced a quantization step, illustrated manuals, maintenance test for astronauts in orbit to provide "visible".

"Impregnable": a slow leak of basketball

Temple on the second is an external vacuum, the internal structure of the 1 atmosphere. To evaluate its safety, is one of the important indicators, in the course of the next two years in orbit, "the leakage is very small." Just like the best basketball will leak sooner or later, just, good product and design will keep leaking very slowly.

According to five General experts say, the structure of the temple on the second, from an overall point of view is a metal structure, but because of its internal observation portholes, switching doors easy to leak parts "seal" has become a problem that must be solved.

This is the most critical seals , seals are aging in General, not to mention the temperature changes in space is more intense. Five researchers from the Department of general formula began to study, and then to the ring structure, sealing structure design, and so on. Eventually, they won the battle, this temple on the first two years of on-orbit operation, design a shiny "business card."

However, the architects didn't stop there--the "Skylab" its own security is not enough, space debris, space junk may be threatened at any time. Possible space debris impact when large bays, discover sensing and positioning its location?

Inspired ultimately by human--the human perception itself is a very good system, through the nervous system to detect external stimuli. These researchers began to consider: can increase in the traditional structure of a nervous system, to realize the impact of perception.

According to five General Hospital Department of experts, the "nervous system" application is expected in the near future, extended fabric feature, achieving a more secure space room.

Carrying only half the box "fuel" to launch Flash "go go go"

According to the view of Zhu Congpeng, Temple on the second charged with verifying the future burden of China's space technology, thus, track design, Temple on the second chose a distance of 393 km of track, which is also China's future space station orbital altitude.

Compared to before the manned space mission orbit, the orbit higher than 50 km. However, the temple on the second and the composition of the future to Shenzhou 11th "space family", still belongs to the low-orbit spacecraft, it was run at a distance of 400 kilometers less than the space, this location will still have the thin atmosphere.

According to the experts, under the influence of atmospheric drag, spacecraft runs will continue to decline, falling and leads to orbital altitude, in order to maintain a relatively stable orbit, you need to constantly depleting propellants carried by the spacecraft.

Then, before the temple on the first launch, the "tank" will be full. The propellants carried by foot more than a tonne. However, today's temple on the second, but only a half a box of "oil". Thanks to the feeding system in orbit of the development of scientific research personnel, it can realize the temple on the second flight in space "come on", which will greatly improve its on-orbit time.

Zhu Congpeng said that the temple on the second there is no "grain shortage" worries, saves can also carry more of the weight of the load and astronauts of living materials.

Actually, with "development more than, and test test kept" to described "space of home" of birth does not for had--in Temple second, and Shenzhou 11th, development process in the, five hospital research personnel consider to "space of home" medium-and long-term in rail, and in rail raises, task of features, specifically launched has continuous 100 hours simulation flight test, and astronaut medium-term resides ground 1:1 test, various test, in whole ship cumulative Electric measuring time Shang, more is breakthrough has 1500 hours, refresh has Temple first, created of records.

Arrows refer to the sky, to explore the universe's journey is never easy, is always strewn with ups and downs and even fail. Russia Soyuz, United States Challenger is a painful lesson.

Five branches of the Party Secretary Zhao Xiaojin said, despite the implementation of manned space mission has so far maintained a 100% victory record, but they always "treading on thin ice," treat each new task, with "first flight, and" standard and to high standards and strict requirements to carry out the work, to build yourself, so astronauts and spacecraft of the relief of the people of the motherland.

揭秘天宫二号三大杀手锏：维修像插拔U盘一样便捷 - 天宫二号 - IT资讯

9月15日晚22时许，在长征火箭的托举下，天宫二号来到了广袤苍凉的太空，接替它的“大姐”——天宫一号，开始守望神州大地。

这次天宫二号不仅是航天员的“太空家园”，还作为中国第一个完全意义上的空间实验室，肩负着许多航天新技术、新产品的验证工作，那么它究竟有哪些可圈可点之处？记者采访天宫二号的抓总研制单位航天科技集团第五研究院(以下称五院)相关专家进行盘点。

维修像插拔U盘一样便捷

便捷维修，是天宫二号的一大杀手锏。科幻电影里，当一套大型设备发生故障时，科研人员可以像插拔U盘一样，快捷地拔下损害的部件，插上一个新部件，然后，设备恢复正常运转。

如今，这样的场景将在天宫二号上真实上演。

根据五院天宫二号总设计师朱枞鹏的介绍，五院科研人员通过合并同类项的理念，对天宫二号的供配电、热控、数据管理等系统实现了高度集成化模块设计，打造出了可快速更换的模块单元。

拿智能配电单元来说，五院的科研人员就满足了产品长寿命、高可靠、操作方便等要求，在中国航天器上首次采用了“插拔式”的结构设计，在地面的模拟试验中，科研人员只需用几分钟就能完成一次维修更换。

这就是由该院529厂研制的配电“管家”。众所周知，航天器电源系统的可靠性及安全性，一直是航天器系统重点关注的问题之一，而传统的航天器电源系统核心部件“开关”，往往采用机械触点的继电器开关，一旦机械触点“开关”发生故障，将对航天器的性能及可靠性产生重大影响。

在普通民众住宅的墙上，都会有一个不起眼的电源控制箱，当家里某个电器发生短路时，里面的开关就会自动跳闸进行保护。电源控制箱的一个主要功能就是供电开关，而天宫二号的配电“管家”不仅能够像普通的供电开关那样供上电，还能在故障时切断电，在故障修好后又自动能恢复供电。

当然，在试验室里，科研人员可以只用几分钟就能完成一次维修更换，但上了天，一切可能会显得不一样。为了确保航天员在太空环境能够熟练地操作，这些科研人员还通过多次模拟试验，编制出一份量化到步、图文并茂的操作手册，为宇航员开展在轨维修试验提供“看得见”的方便。

“固若金汤”：做漏气缓慢的篮球

天宫二号是一个外部真空、内部有1个大气压的结构。要评价它的安全性，其中一个重要指标就在于，在未来两年的在轨飞行过程中，“漏气量要非常小”。就如同再好的篮球早晚也会漏气，只是，好的产品和设计可以让漏气非常缓慢。

根据五院总体部专家的说法，天宫二号的结构，从整体上来看是一个金属制成的结构，但由于其内部包括观察舷窗、开关舱门等容易漏气的部件，“密封”成了一个必须要解决的问题。

这其中最为关键的是密封圈，一般的密封圈都存在老化问题，更何况太空中温度变化更加激烈。五院总体部的科研人员就从配方开始研究，再到密封圈的结构形式，密封结构设计等等。最终，他们打赢了这一仗，这也让天宫一号在轨两年的安全运行，成为结构设计一张闪亮的“名片”。

不过，结构设计人员并未就此停止脚步——这个“太空实验室”自身安全还不够，空间碎片、太空垃圾随时都可能是威胁。有没有可能在空间碎片撞击大开间的时候，及时发现感知并定位其所在的位置？

灵感最终出自人类自己——人类本身就是很好的感知系统，通过神经系统来及时发现外部刺激。这些科研人员开始考虑：在传统结构上能否增加一套神经系统，来实现对撞击的感知。

据五院总体部专家透露，这套“神经系统”，将有望在不远的未来得以应用，扩展结构功能，实现更为安全的太空居室。

只携半箱“油”升空，边飞边“加油”

根据朱枞鹏的说法，天宫二号担负着验证未来中国空间站技术的重任，因此，在轨道设计上，天宫二号选择了距离地球393公里的轨道，这也是未来中国空间站运行的轨道高度。

相比之前载人航天任务的轨道，这个轨道足足高出了50公里。不过，天宫二号和神舟十一号未来要组成的“太空之家”，仍属于低轨道航天器，它运行在距离地球400公里不到的太空，这一位置，仍会有稀薄的大气。

根据专家的说法，受大气阻力影响，航天器运行速度会不断下降，并导致轨道高度不断下降，为了维持相对稳定的轨道高度，需要航天器不断消耗所携带的推进剂。

于是，天宫一号发射前，“油箱”会加得满满的。其携带的推进剂足有一吨多。不过，如今的天宫二号，却只加了半箱“油”。这要多亏了科研人员所研制的在轨补加系统，它可以实现天宫二号在太空边飞行边“加油”，这将极大地提高它的在轨运行时间。

朱枞鹏说，天宫二号没有了“粮草不足”的后顾之忧，节省的重量还可以携带更多的载荷产品和航天员的生活物资。

事实上，用“研制不止、试验检验不停”来形容“太空之家”的诞生并不为过——在天宫二号和神舟十一号研制过程中，五院科研人员考虑到“太空之家”中长期在轨、在轨加注等任务的特点，专门推出了连续100小时模拟飞行试验、航天员中期驻留地面1：1试验等各种试验，在整船累计电测时间上，更是突破了1500小时，刷新了天宫一号创造的纪录。

箭指苍穹、探索宇宙的征途上从来都不会一帆风顺，总是遍布荆棘和坎坷，甚至会遭遇失败。俄罗斯联盟号、美国挑战者号都是惨痛的教训。

五院党委书记赵小津也表示，尽管该院实施载人航天任务至今保持着100%的全胜战绩，可他们始终以“如履薄冰”的态度对待每次新任务，以“首飞、首战”的标准和行动来高标准、严要求开展各项工作，以打造让自己、让航天员、让祖国和人民放心的航天器。