Corrupt recovered money to China and Canada to do?

The author | Wei Zhang

Recently, several things and Canada related.

First Canada Trew, Prime Minister came to China to attend the G20, its handsome looks attracted a cult following. Then on September 21, Li keqiang visits Canada. Would like to add a few words, Trudeau is friendly toward China, his father laoteluduo as Prime Minister during the push for China and Canada relations; second, completed the Chinese Prime Minister Li keqiang's visit to Canada for the first time in 13 years, also the visits of Prime Minister within one month.

On September 22, China and Canada the two Foreign Ministers signed an agreement, China and Canada agreement on the sharing and return of the recovery of assets. This agreement is of great significance, and wanted to know hundreds of Red staff flight destinations, Canada ranks second after the United States, which involve issues of lack of extradition treaties. Also in September, Canada has a joint communiqué on the Prime Minister's Office Web site, notes that talked about the two sides initiated consultations on the extradition treaty.

Coincidentally, on September 22, "hundreds of wanted red officers" Jiang Qian, 65th initiative from Canada return to surrender. Wrote in a press release, "strengthening and Canada bilateral justice cooperation, concentrate forces, take a variety of measures facilitating the pursuit recover booty. ”

　　Wanted Red

Wuhan urban drainage development co relocation coordination Jiang Qian, former Minister of home, "hundreds of wanted red people" has 34 people arrested. , That is from Canada have returned more than 1/4.

How do they come back?

Both Jiang Qian was pursuing and recover booty, "in the legal policy of deterrence, inspiration and affection under probation", Jiang Qian surrendered, and its illegal income equivalent to more than 14 million yuan in funds and goods were confiscated and turned over to the State Treasury.

In these cases, the most common word is "China and Canada quanfan program", "and Canada bilateral judicial cooperation." Usually, the case is to set up a working group to focus on breakthrough, establishing central coordinating group against corruption, China's Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of public security and provincial pursuit three-tier listing supervision system. In February this year, quanfan syndrome, pursuit of Guangdong Province will actively communicate with their relatives, friends, lawyers, seeking support by Canada law enforcement agencies to start transnational cooperation, the repatriation process, squeeze their living space to block migrants, stranded in channel, leading to their home surrendered.

Red wanted to come home in many ways, including quanfan, hunting, repatriation, extradition, prosecution and so on in different places, quanfan is currently the more significant one, is also a way that flight staff return home. Commission's website revealed that in the practice of work in pursuit of recover booty, quanfan procedures have been standard. China and Canada, and Australia have established a standard quanfan program, quanfan program also is negotiating with the United States set up.

　　Assets

An article last May the solution | Expert analysis of Cheng Weigao Cheng Muyang can hide how long? 》。 Experts of the former Lai Changxing refugee status case witnesses, Joseph Assistant Professor Cheng Yang, President of the University of Macao said that China and Canada had nearly two years to complete "and returned to the recovery of assets-sharing agreement" talks. This agreement was signed and entered into force soon, will be China's first criminal asset-sharing agreements signed with foreign.

On September 22, Li visited Canada during the two Foreign Ministers signed the agreement, which is China's first specialized in recovering proceeds of crime concluded foreign agreements. Literally, flight personnel of the proceeds of crime in the future will be determined by China and Canada share.

Chinese Foreign Ministry outside the pursuit and international law enforcement cooperation, the Special Coordinator of the legal daily, Sun Ang said, "recovery of transferred outside the best results is to return all of the proceeds of crime. But a lot of cases, this goal is difficult to achieve. At this point, to maximize the recovery of outflows of proceeds of crime, shared with relevant countries to carry out cooperation, sharing of special agreements, it is necessary and urgent. ”

Proceeds transferred to the outside, as long as they identify the rightful owner, such as corruption in Government or corporate property, it should be returned to rightful owners in accordance with law. But in the circumstances without the legitimate owners, such as bribery, drug trafficking proceeds of crime covered by the case, if there is no shared arrangements, are usually disposed of by the location of the asset forfeiture itself.

Sun Ang said after signing the agreement, by sharing ways to deal with, the sharing ratio depends on both the size of the contribution in the case. For the flow from China to Canada's proceeds of crime, even if it cannot be found or no legitimate owners, or to maximize the recovery of proceeds of crime.

"On the other hand, China confiscated proceeds of crime, if Canada actively providing assistance, we also can be legally shared with Canada, this can be more efficiently deployed Canadian cooperation initiative in the case with us. "He said.

Why would Canada to sign such an agreement? Director of the Department of Treaty and law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China Xu Hong published an article in the global times, reveal the answer.

It turns out that in 1994, China and Canada signed the China and Canada when the Treaty on criminal judicial assistance, is the first Treaty of its kind, we can see that cooperation between the two sides started very early. Both judicial and law enforcement cooperation consultations held since 2008, has so far held five rounds of. Share and return under the framework of the consultations, the agreement was negotiated. Xu Hong said that not long ago the two sides also set up a China and Canada high-level national security and rule of law dialogue mechanism and held a first dialogue, decided to launch the extradition treaty and the transfer of sentenced persons Treaty discussions.

　　Extradition

Xu Hong mentioned dialogue information is available in Canada found the Prime Minister's Office website.

Title is "the first China and Canada joint communiqué of the high-level national security versus rule of law dialogue". Two people were mentioned in the first paragraph, namely the central political and Legislative Affairs Committee Secretary General Wang Yongqing and Canada's Prime Minister's national security adviser Daniel · So, on September 12 in Beijing hosted a China and Canada the first meeting of high-level national security versus rule of law dialogue. Articles also revealed that this dialogue is from August 30 to September 6 this year Canada during Prime Minister Trudeau's visit, leaders of both parties.

The first dialogue was held, the two sides decided to start the extradition treaty and the Treaty on the transfer of sentenced persons to discuss, and to continue cooperation on cyber security and cybercrime Consulting was also completed with the signing of the China and Canada on the sharing and return the recovery of assets agreement on various issues, and so on.

Also in September 12, Meng jianzhu, Secretary of the central political and Legislative Affairs Committee, in a meeting with a delegation from Canada, Meng jianzhu, said the "speed up the start of extradition treaties, Treaty on transfer of the sentenced person and other related matters, cooperation in the field of security and the rule of law into China and Canada relations a new bright spot. ”

Meng jianzhu met with Daniel · Canadian delegation led by

China and Canada started to discuss the extradition treaty is no doubt interesting events, according to data from the Chinese Foreign Ministry's official website, as of July this year, China has 46 extradition treaties concluded, of which 32 entered into force, including Russia, and Korea, the Philippines, Brazil, and Spain, and Portugal, and France, and Italy and other countries.

Not difficult to find, China also is not with the United States, and Canada flight staff usually go State to conclude treaties on extradition, pursuit is suffering this inconvenience. The Central discipline Inspection Commission website with all due respect, no case of extradition treaties, pursuit-evasion can only be achieved through alternative measures. "Western countries are the focus of pursuit-evasion recover booty, as well as a difficulty. ”

Extradition is a State in its own territory was accused by foreign criminals or the person has been sentenced, should foreign requests to the foreign judgment or punishment, extradition treaties of significance is self-evident. Last July, China and France's extradition treaty entered into force in September this year, Chen Wenhua from France for extradition of fugitives by the Chinese Ministry of public security, "Foxfire" working group to escort them home.

Proofreading | Zheng Qi

(Editors: Zhong Qinghui UN660)
2016-09-23 21:42:48
The Beijing Youth daily

外逃贪官被追回的钱 中国和加拿大要怎么分？

　　撰文 | 张伟

　　最近，好几件事都和加拿大有关。

　　首先是加拿大总理特鲁多来华参加G20，其俊朗的相貌引来不少粉丝。然后是9月21日，李克强访问加拿大。想补充两句，一是特鲁多对华态度不错，其父老特鲁多任职总理期间曾推动中国和加拿大建交；二是李克强此次完成了中国总理13年来的首次访加，也实现了两国总理一个月内的互访。

　　就在9月22日，中国和加拿大两国外长正式签署了一份协定，《中国和加拿大关于分享和返还被追缴资产的协定》。这份协定意义重大，要知道在百名红色通辑令人员外逃目的地中，加拿大排名第二，仅次于美国，这就涉及到双方引渡条约缺位的问题。而同样在9月，加拿大总理办公室网站上有一份联合公报，注意到，其中就谈到双方开始就引渡条约进行协商。

　　巧的是，9月22日，“百名红色通辑令人员”第65号蒋谦主动从加拿大回国投案自首。新闻稿中写道，“加强与加拿大双边司法执法合作，集中各方力量、采取多种措施强力推进该案追逃追赃工作。”

　　红色通辑令

　　随着武汉市城市排水发展有限公司拆迁协调部原部长蒋谦回国，“百名红色通辑令人员”已经有34人归案。，也就是说从加拿大归国的人员超过了1/4。

　　他们是怎么回来的？

　　蒋谦这次是追逃与追赃并重，“在法律威慑、政策感召和亲情感化下”，蒋谦自首，而其违法所得的折合1400余万元的款物被没收并上缴国库。

　　在这些例子中，最常出现的词是“中国和加拿大劝返程序”、“与加拿大双边司法合作”。通常来看，这些案子都是要成立工作组来重点突破，建立中央反腐败协调小组、中国最高人民检察院和中国公安部、省级追逃办三级挂牌督办制度。在今年2月劝返常征的过程中，广东省追逃办就积极与其亲友、律师沟通，争取配合；通过与加拿大执法机构合作、启动跨国遣返程序，挤压其生存空间，封堵移民、滞留通道，最终促使其回国投案自首。

　　红色通辑令人员回国的方式有很多，包括劝返、缉捕、遣返、引渡、异地追诉等等，劝返目前是较为主要的一种，也是一种让外逃人员主动回国的方式。中纪委网站曾披露，在追逃追赃的工作实践中，劝返的程序也不断规范。中国与加拿大、澳大利亚已经建立了较为规范的劝返程序，与美方的劝返程序也正在磋商建立中。

　　资产

　　去年5月的一篇文章《解局 | 内部专家分析程维高之子程慕阳在加还能躲多久？》。曾担任赖昌星难民身份案的专家证人、澳门圣若瑟大学助理校长杨诚教授当时表示，中国和加拿大近两年完成了“分享和返还被追缴资产协定”的谈判。这个协议如果很快得到签署并生效，将是中国同外国签署的第一个犯罪资产分享协议。

　　9月22日，在李克强访问加拿大期间，两国外长正式签署了这一协定，这是中国在追缴犯罪所得领域对外缔结的首个专门协定。从字面上理解，今后外逃人员的犯罪所得将由中国和加拿大两国来分享。

　　中国外交部境外追逃和国际执法合作特别协调员孙昂对《法制日报》表示，“追回转移到境外的犯罪所得的最佳结果是全部返还。但很多情形下，这一目标难以实现。此时，为最大程度地追缴外流犯罪所得，与有关国家开展分享合作、缔结专门的分享协定就显得十分必要和迫切。”

　　转移至境外的犯罪所得，只要能够查明有合法所有人，如被贪污的政府或企业财产，就应依法返还合法所有人。但在没有合法所有人的情况下，如贿赂案、贩毒案所涉犯罪所得，如果没有分享的安排，通常是由资产所在地国予以没收后自行处置。

　　孙昂表示，协定签署后，按分享的方式来处理，分享比例取决于双方在办案中贡献的大小。这样对于从中国流往加拿大的犯罪所得，即使没有或不能认定合法所有人，也可最大程度地追回犯罪所得。

　　“另一方面，对于中国没收的犯罪所得，如果加方积极提供协助的，我们也可以依法与加方分享，这样可以更有效地调动加方与我方在个案中合作的积极性。”他说。

　　为什么会和加拿大签署这样的一份协定？中国外交部条约法律司司长徐宏在《环球时报》上刊文揭晓了答案。

　　原来，中国在1994年与加拿大签订《中国和加拿大刑事司法协助条约》时，就是同类条约中的首次，可以看出双方合作的起步很早。双方从2008年起举行司法和执法合作磋商，至今已经举行五轮。分享和返还协定就是在磋商框架下谈判达成的。徐宏还透露，不久前双方还建立了中国和加拿大高级别国家安全与法治对话机制并举行了首次对话，决定启动《引渡条约》和《移管被判刑人条约》的讨论。

　　引渡

　　徐宏提到的对话机制信息可以在加拿大总理办公室网站上找到。

　　标题就是“首次中国和加拿大高级别国家安全与法治对话联合公报”。第一段提到了两个人，分别是中央政法委秘书长汪永清和加拿大总理国家安全顾问丹尼尔· 让，他们于9月12日在北京主持了中国和加拿大高级别国家安全与法治对话的首次会议。文章还透露，这一对话机制是今年8月30日到9月6日加拿大总理特鲁多访华期间，双方领导人建立的。

　　这次举行的首次对话中，双方决定开始就《引渡条约》和《移管被判刑人条约》进行讨论，并继续就网络安全和打击网络犯罪方面的合作进行磋商，还完成了与签署《中国和加拿大关于分享和返还被追缴资产的协定》有关的事宜等等。

　　同样是在9月12日，中央政法委书记孟建柱在钓鱼台国宾馆会见了加方代表团一行，孟建柱表示，“加快启动引渡条约、被判刑人移管条约等相关事项讨论，把安全与法治领域合作打造成为中国和加拿大关系发展新亮点。”

孟建柱会见丹尼尔· 让率领的加方代表团

　　中国与加拿大开始讨论引渡条约的事宜，无疑是引人关注的大事，按照中国外交部官网上的数据，截至今年7月，中国已经缔结46项引渡条约，其中32项生效，包括俄罗斯、韩国、菲律宾、巴西、西班牙、葡萄牙、法国、意大利等国。

　　不难发现，中国还并未与美国、加拿大这样外逃人员最常去的国家缔结引渡条约，这给追逃工作带来诸多不便。中央纪委网站文章曾直言，没有引渡条约的情况下，追逃只能通过替代性措施来实现。“西方国家是追逃追赃的重点，同时也是难点。”

　　引渡是指一国将处于本国境内的被外国指控为罪犯或已经判刑的人，应该外国的请求，送交该外国审判或处罚，引渡条约的意义不言而喻。去年7月，中国与法国的引渡条约正式生效，今年9月，陈文华成为从法国引渡回国的首名逃犯，由中国公安部“猎狐行动”工作组将其押解回国。

　　校对 | 郑棋

(责任编辑：钟庆辉 UN660)
2016-09-23 21:42:48
北京青年报