"Super eye in the sky" enabled: call the moon can not escape its eye-Guizhou _ | | telescope super eye in the Sky | News
On September 7, 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope project view. Xinhua reporter Liu XuOriginal title: give me a pair of "eye"-"super eye in the sky" exploration and inquiry
Human exploration of the universe of knowledge one step closer.
25th, with "super eye in the sky" of the 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope in pingtang in Guizhou Karst depressions in the opening, attracting the eye of the world.
In 1609, Italy scientists with homemade telescope, Galileo discovered the rugged craters of the Moon's surface, become the first person to observe the skies with a telescope.
After more than 400 years, represent the height of science and technology in China for large radio telescope, will be the first target lock the edge of the Milky Way Galaxy 100,000 light years in diameter, and explore the secret of the origin of stars, will also be in the history of astronomy in the world inscribed under the new scale.
How big is the universe? It is adhering to the discovery of the nature of human beings and constantly looking for problems. In the journey of the unknown zone, Chinese astronomical indomitable and innovative, new Capriccio of plays exploring the universe.
"Discovery" player, radio astronomy, China ranks among the world's top breakthrough
Telescope "lid" larger and more sensitive, 500 m "super eye in the sky" just how sensitive? Scientists, for example, someone calling on the Moon, can not escape its "eyes".
While the older generation of astronomers, have such a telescope is a dream. Astronomy in China have lagged, the main subject in the telescope equipment.
Radio astronomy is on the rise after World War II, successive quasars, pulsars, interstellar molecular microwave background radiation and the four major astronomical discoveries, and China in this area but remain in a blank State.
Through the toddler, looking up at the stage of Western powers, 5 radio telescope being built in China in recent years, ranging in diameter from 25 m to 65 m. However, with United States 305-m and Germany compared to the 100-meter-diameter radio telescope, radio telescope observations of our capacity is limited.
"Astronomical devices in accordance with international practices are open, but the Chinese telescope is difficult to apply independently for use abroad. Domestic and foreign equipment gap is larger, lack of equal cooperation basis. "National Observatory" hundred people plan ", 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope, a researcher at said Zhu ming, Director of the Department of engineering science, and only take the road of independent development, can reverse the situation.
"500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope completed, will create conditions for Chinese astronomy ranks among the world's top. "Yan Jun of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Observatory said.
National astronomical observatories for radio astronomy research department, Chief Scientist, the "thousand person plan" expert Li 菂 said that China Radio have strong abilities in many fields: finding galaxies of gas is expected to raise over 10 times, discovery is expected to double the number of pulsars, are expected to find new interstellar molecules ... ...
Radio telescope since its inception about 2500 pulsars discovered, all of them located within the Milky Way Galaxy. Scientists will radio in China the first targets locked outside the milky way, wished to rely on its superior sensitivity search for extragalactic pulsar.
"Find more pulsar, selected from the pulsar pulse stability of millisecond pulsars, are expected to apply in the future space vehicle navigation. "Yan Jun said that related research are at the concept stage at present.
Broaden the dimensions of science and technology, "eye in the sky" fog of networking through the universe
Astronomy today pay attention to stereo operation, only 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope was far from enough. From the point of view of the universe, limited vision, telescopes to form arrays can bring out more power.
"Big radio in the observed frequency is good at low frequencies, and high frequency of Submillimeter Wave and millimeter-wave fields also need more powerful telescopes in order to form a relatively complete system of observation. "Zhu Ming explained.
As planned, the 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope, and 5 other telescopes in China "eye in the sky" – very long baseline interferometry network and leading international radio-frequency measurements in the field of network, so we can get better celestial hyperfine structure.
5-10 years in the future, large items such as radio just before the waves of China's large telescope construction. According to Yan Jun said China 12-meter optical infrared telescopes have been initial assessment by experts, is expected to be the "Thirteen-Five" plan during the project.
At present, China's largest optical telescope is a 2.4-meter optical telescope in Lijiang, Yunnan, with world-leading Spain 10.4-meter optical telescope, the United States 10-meter optical telescope and Japan 8-m optical telescope, is still a big gap.
12-meter optical infrared telescopes will be built for the dark energy essence, gravitational waves optics certification and research, Earth-like planets outside our solar system detection, supermassive black holes, the first generation of stars and other cutting-edge science issues to provide internationally competitive observation platform.
Infrared telescope, an ultraviolet telescope and x-ray telescopes, China is planning family base to expand into the field of space telescopes.
The end of this year, China will launch self-developed hard x-ray modulation telescope satellite, it can in a wide-band large area x-ray Sky Survey images, unique observations of black holes, neutron stars and other high energy multi-band x-ray rapid variability of celestial bodies, and can monitor the skies for high-energy bursts.
"In-orbit spacecraft function as China gradually with the maintenance of the space station, construction of the Chinese version of ' Hubble Space Telescope more and more intensively with high. "Yan Jun said, three-dimensional fighting a telescope the cluster will not only boost China's astronomical science and technological innovation capabilities, but also widely used in navigation, location, space, deep space exploration and other fields.
20 years of "mirror casting days" turning on radio astronomy "golden age"
Astronomy technology seemed "on the big", but actually very close to our lives: a by-product of radio astronomers in the study of WLAN technology, predecessor of today's people live without WIFI technology; research on astronomy, Earth-like planets, so that we have a "you from the stars" sharing inspiration ... ...
"Ten years rubs a sword, some 20 years ' casting mirror. Countries increase investment in astronomy facilities, is the embodiment of comprehensive national strength increase, is the epitome of industrial manufacturing. "The National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said Peng Bo, Assistant Project Manager for 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope.
To construct the 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope, astronomers in China for 22 years, research and development teams from 1994 to NaN rendong, Peng Bo as the core group of 5 extended to hundreds of people.
Innovation at the same time, China telescope is also involved in a number of international cooperation projects, including is developing two sets of a new generation of giant telescopes of the world--30-meter optical telescope and the square kilometre array radio telescope.
Mosaic mirror 30 meter optical telescope will have 9 times as long as today's largest telescopes optical image resolution will be 3 times higher than the current of the highest-resolution times. According to the different objectives and methods, and its depth is 10 to 100 times times more than existing telescopes.
Square kilometer array radio telescope project formed by two sets of advanced telescope equipment, a butterfly-shaped antenna array is located in South Africa, one in Australia low frequency aperture arrays. Bowtie antenna array composed of 200 dishes that look like "satellite pot"; low frequency aperture arrays consisting of more than 100,000 dipole antenna that looks like "TV antenna". They will be used by scientists to view the universe of "dark ages", and search for signs of extraterrestrial civilizations.
National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Vice Director Zheng Xiaonian said astronomy and astronomical facilities are open, and advanced astronomical facility was built, you need good research teams. National Astronomical Observatory is doing everything possible to attract well-known experts and scholars using advanced radio telescope to carry out cutting-edge research in science and technology, for the early results.
"National astronomical observation conditions are limited in the past, Chinese astronomical development is relatively weak. "Yan Jun said that with the rich astronomical observing facilities, domestic famous universities are strengthening professional construction of astronomical disciplines, and to strengthen cooperation between universities and the Astronomical Observatory station.
Key technology without precedents, key materials needed research and core technology encounters embargo ... ... From advanced research to build 22 years, three generations of the Chinese people, science and technology workers overcame unimaginable difficulties, achieved by tracking simulation to integrating innovative leaps, also laid the groundwork for more people to join this scientific endeavour lit the passion of human space.
"From the moment children looked up to see the stars for the first time, astronomy was planted the seed in their hearts. "Li 菂 said that hope astronomy courses can go into the classroom and stimulate the interest of children observed the sky and explore the universe.
"The development of astronomy, is the wisdom of the universe of humanity. Coming 20 years of radio astronomy and astronomy's ' golden age ', continuously enhance the innovation of science and technology, so we have deeper into space exploration, to achieve scientific breakthroughs in the field of confidence. "Peng Bo said. (Written press: JL, and Qi Jian participation Reporter: Wang Li, and Wu Jingjing, and Luo Fei, and Bai Guolong)
Responsible editor: Kang Yunkai
Article keywords:Telescopes super eye in the sky, Guizhou
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“超级天眼”启用:在月亮打
手机也逃不过它眼睛|天文望远镜|超级天眼|贵州_新闻资讯
9月7日，500米口径球面射电望远镜工程全景。 新华社记者 刘续 图 原标题：给我一双“慧眼”——“超级天眼”的探索与追问
人类关于宇宙新知的探索又迈进了一步。
25日，有着“超级天眼”之称的500米口径球面射电望远镜将在贵州平塘的喀斯特洼坑中落成启用，吸引着世界目光。
1609年，意大利科学家伽利略用自制的天文望远镜发现了月球表面高低不平的环形山，成为利用望远镜观测天体第一人。
400多年后，代表中国科技高度的大射电望远镜，将首批观测目标锁定在直径10万光年的银河系边缘，探究恒星起源的秘密，也将在世界天文史上镌刻下新的刻度。
宇宙到底有多大？这是人类秉承探索发现的天性不断追寻的问题。在发现未知地带的征程中，中国天文人将不畏艰苦、不断创新，奏响探索宇宙的新畅想曲。
“发现”的高手，大射电成中国天文学跻身世界一流的突破口
望远镜“锅盖”越大越灵敏，500米的“超级天眼”究竟有多灵敏？科学家打了个比方，有人在月亮上打手机，也逃不过它的“眼睛”。
而对老一辈天文学家来说，拥有这样的望远镜一直是个梦。中国天文学长期落后，主要受制于望远镜设备。
二战后射电天文学方兴未艾，接连涌现类星体、脉冲星、星际分子和微波背景辐射四大天文发现，而中国在这一领域却长期处于空白状态。
走过蹒跚学步、仰望西方强国的阶段，近年来中国陆续建成5座射电望远镜，口径从25米到65米不等。不过，与美国的305米口径和德国100米口径射电望远镜相比，我们的射电望远镜观测能力还比较有限。
“天文设备按国际惯例都是开放的，但中国人要独立申请使用国外望远镜比较难。国内外设备差距比较大，缺乏平等合作的基础。”国家天文台“百人计划”研究员、500米口径球面射电望远镜工程科学部主任朱明说，只有走自主研制之路，才可以扭转这一局面。
“500米口径球面射电望远镜建成，将为中国天文学跻身世界一流创造条件。”中科院国家天文台台长严俊表示。
国家天文台射电天文研究部首席科学家、“千人计划”专家李菂说，中国大射电在很多领域都具备超强的能力：发现气体星系有望在过去的基础上提高10倍，发现的脉冲星数量有望翻倍，有望发现新的星际分子……
射电望远镜诞生至今，人类发现约2500颗脉冲星，它们全部位于银河系内。科学家们将中国大射电首批观测目标锁定在银河系外，希望依靠其超群的灵敏度搜寻河外星系的脉冲星。
“发现更多脉冲星，从脉冲星中遴选出脉冲信号稳定的毫秒级脉冲星，将来有望应用于空间飞行器导航领域。”严俊说，目前国内外相关研究都处于概念阶段。
拓宽科技维度，“天眼”联网才能洞穿宇宙迷雾
今天天文领域讲究立体化作战，仅有500米口径球面射电望远镜还远不够。从某一点看宇宙，视野有限，望远镜要形成阵列才能发挥更强威力。
“大射电擅长的观测频率是中低频，而高频的亚毫米波、毫米波领域也需要更强的望远镜，才能形成比较完备的观测体系。”朱明解释说。
按计划，500米口径球面射电望远镜将和中国其他5座射电望远镜组成“天眼”群——甚长基线干涉测量网，并主导国际射电领域的低频测量网，从而更好地获取天体超精细结构。
未来5至10年，大射电等项目只是中国大望远镜建设浪潮的前浪。据严俊透露，中国12米光学红外望远镜已初步通过专家评审，有望于“十三五”规划期间立项。
目前，中国最大的光学望远镜是位于云南丽江的2.4米光学望远镜，与国际上领先的西班牙10.4米光学望远镜、美国10米光学望远镜和日本8米光学望远镜等仍有较大差距。
12米光学红外望远镜建成后将为暗能量本质、引力波源光学认证和研究、太阳系外类地行星探测、超大质量黑洞、第一代恒星等前沿科学问题提供在国际上有竞争力的观测平台。
有红外望远镜，就有紫外望远镜和X射线望远镜，中国正计划把望远镜家族的基地拓展到空间领域。
今年年底，中国将发射自主研制的硬X射线调制望远镜卫星，它可以进行宽波段大天区X射线巡天成像，具有独特的观测黑洞、中子星等高能天体多波段X射线快速光变的能力，并可以监视天空的高能爆发现象。
“随着中国空间站逐步具备维护在轨航天器功能，建造中国版‘哈勃’太空望远镜的呼声也越来越高。”严俊说，立体化作战的望远镜集群，不仅将大幅提升中国在天文科学与技术方面的自主创新能力，还能广泛应用于导航、定位、航天、深空探测等领域。
二十年“铸天镜”，开启射电天文学的“黄金时代”
天文学领域的技术看上去显得“高大上”，但实际上离我们的生活却很近：射电天文学家在研究中的副产品WLAN技术，成了今天每个人生活都离不开的WIFI技术的前身；天文学类地行星的研究，让我们有了与“来自星星的你”交流的灵感……
“古有十年磨一剑，今有二十年‘铸天镜’。国家加大对天文观测设施的投入，是综合国力提升的体现，也是工业制造水平的缩影。”中科院国家天文台500米口径球面射电望远镜工程副经理彭勃说。
为了建造500米口径球面射电望远镜，中国天文学家等待了22年，研究和建设团队也从1994年以南仁东、彭勃为核心的5人小组扩展至上百人。
自主创新的同时，中国还参与多个国际合作的望远镜项目，包括世界上正在研制的两套新一代巨型望远镜——30米光学望远镜和平方公里阵射电望远镜。
30米光学望远镜拼接主镜将具备9倍于当今最大望远镜的集光能力，图像分辨率也将比当前所能达到的最高分辨率高3倍。根据不同观测目标和方法，它的探测深度将是现有望远镜的10至100倍。
平方公里阵射电望远镜项目由两套先进的望远镜设备构成，一套是位于南部非洲的蝶形天线阵，另一套是位于澳大利亚的低频孔径阵列。蝶形天线阵由200面抛物面天线组成，看起来像“卫星锅盖”；低频孔径阵列由超过10万个偶极天线组成，看起来像“电视天线”。它们将被科学家用来观测宇宙“黑暗时代”，并搜寻地外文明的蛛丝马迹。
中科院国家天文台副台长郑晓年说，天文学研究和天文设施都是开放的，先进的天文设施建起来了，就需要优秀的研究团队。国家天文台正千方百计吸引国内知名专家和学者，利用大射电等先进望远镜开展前沿科学和应用技术的研究，争取早出成果。
“过去国内天文观测条件有限，中国天文学科发展相对较弱。”严俊说，随着天文观测设施的丰富，国内著名高校正在加强天文学科的专业建设，今后还要强化高校与天文观测台站之间的合作。
关键技术无先例可循、关键材料急需攻关、核心技术遭遇封锁……从预研到建成的22年时间里，中国老中青三代科技工作者克服了不可想象的困难，实现了由跟踪模仿到集成创新的跨越，也为更多人投身这项科学事业奠定了基础，点燃了人类向往太空的激情。
“从孩子第一次抬头看到星星的那一刻，天文学其实就在他们心里埋下了种子。”李菂说，希望天文学课程将来可以走进课堂，激发孩子们观察星空、探索宇宙的兴趣。
“天文学的发展，是全人类认识宇宙的智慧结晶。未来20年是射电天文乃至天文学的‘黄金时代’，不断增强的科技创新力，让我们拥有向宇宙更深处探索、实现前沿科学领域突破的信心。”彭勃说。（执笔记者：陈芳、齐健；参与记者：王丽、吴晶晶、骆飞、白国龙）
责任编辑：康云凯
文章关键词： 天文望远镜 超级天眼 贵州
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