US media: China redefine the space or into the only space station | energy | country | space station China News

Original title: foreign media: China's rising space power or as the only country with a space station

Compile Zheng Guoyi

Reference News October 5 United States popular science magazine Web site on September 20, published, entitled the Chinese rule in article space journey. Article said that before the end of the Decade, humans will set foot in places that had never visited: the back side of the moon.

The dark side of the Moon--always far back to humans--has been a mystery. Moon Mission will be an engineering miracle. It involves weighing hundreds of tons of rocket (flight nearly 250,000 miles), landed and unmanned Moon vehicle, require the use of sensors, cameras and an infrared spectrometer, reveal the secret about 1 billion years ago the moon. Lunar helium-3 could also explore the moon – a promise of fusion energy materials-reserves. On this historic trip to space will be on the flag State of the Moon is People's Republic of China.

　　China redefine 21st century space

Article says, after years of investment and strategic implementation, China are marching on a space journey of the superpower--and it could even become the ruling power. "Chang fourth" mission is only one example, reflects China's hopes of space for important civilian and military targets and ambitions in the field of. Now, satellites for China's aircraft, missile and UAV navigation, monitoring and crop yield at the same time and foreign military bases. Number of Chinese rockets and astronauts flying missions with the participation of more and more, it has also become a source of great national pride.

George Washington University's space policy Institute, founder of yuehan·luogesigen, says: "China space capabilities represent global leadership, it gives the legal status in China and power-related areas. ”

It is estimated that China's space budget with the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration still pale in comparison. This year alone, United States aerospace budgets up to $ 19.3 billion. However, maximize the use of its budget. Last year, it managed 19 space launches were conducted, numbers second only to Russia 26 times, surpassing the United States, 18. For decades, heavily in China and the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration flight compared to task-and may even exceed--the space launch, including quantum communications satellites and manned Moon Mission to-30.

, Said the article by moon landing mission, China not only at the one club. It also redefines the meaning of 21st century space-military, economic and political. China has also developed heavy rockets, manned space station and one of the world's largest satellite images and satellite navigation network project. Meanwhile, the United States--in particular--there is little progress in the area of manned. Washington, DC, said James Lewis, Director of the Center for strategic and international studies: "I'm not worried about China suddenly to overtake us. I worry about our own inclinations, came one day and realized that they already plays a very strong role in space. ”

　　The dual roles of aerospace

And United States space markets, China relies on many of the State-owned Aerospace in cooperation with the China National Space Administration to perform dual roles--support the troops.

Article says this connected era can be traced to China's rocket start, is, ironically, can also be traced to the United States mainland. China's "father of the rocket," Qian xuesen. As a Chinese, Qian xuesen in 1935 entered MIT, participate in the research work of the Manhattan project and later became California Institute known as the co-founder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. However, in the era of Joseph McCarthy, he was accused of being a Communist sympathizer, was placed under house arrest for 5 years. In 1955, he returned to China and were greeted as heroes. Later, Qian xuesen, China's ballistic missile development, launched space rocket programme. In fact, China is still dependent on his participation in the study--the launch of space system "long March" rockets.

The 80 's of last century, China has built advanced communications and intelligence satellites, and provide cheap satellite launch services to other countries. It began astronaut training program, and began building the manned space flight and space flight. In 2003, with "Shenzhou" 5th successful launch of manned spacecraft flew 21 hours--astronaut Yang Liwei in space, China's space race begin to achieve its objectives. Since then, China has made rapid progress: many people manned space flight, space walk and the 2011 launch of the "temple on the first"-double space lab. Early next year, China will launch its first cargo ship "day boat first." It will dock with the existing space laboratory of China, which supplies used for scientific experiments.

Article said that if these achievements sounds like a repeat decades ago in other countries (the United States and the Soviet Union) the achievements already made, so when you consider that like quantum scientific experimental satellite in China--at the moment when you read this article, space flight around the track that it is above your head--this kind of technology, the kind of superficial comments automatically. Quantum scientific experiment satellite marks the on-orbit satellites and ground control station first launched quantum encrypted information. This security system to ensure that any attempt to intercept or tamper message will alert the sender and receiver, theory of quantum encryption cannot be broken.

In the era of global electronic detectives, quantum communication networks can avoid even the most advanced network of intelligence activities to help the Chinese army and intelligence services to exchange information and potential rivals or spies in the dark. As long as China is the only State in quantum communication space, in addition to strengthening economic security, it will also enjoy the advantage of strategic security. Quantum science experimental satellite, researchers said the long-term goal is to protect your financial security.

　　Rise of space power and geo-political

Article said that can be predicted is that China's rising space power will be accompanied by Beijing's geopolitical friction with Washington. While China and the United States have deep trade ties with each other, but they see each other as threats to security. In fact, China's space program several times in the United States appeared in the safety report, United States sense of unease is growing. As the United States and the Soviet Union of the 60 and 70 lessons, show space capabilities often influence into the ground. The moon itself doesn't make military sense, but geopolitical implications do exist. Lewis said: "China to catch up before we landed on the Moon, they'll achieve human walking on another planet, and we're not. For now, United States as a leader in space, but we have a rest, do nothing. Then, the rest of the world understand and realize that China is a leader, what would happen? ”

That means that the rise of China's space may restructure space partnership. Germany University of G?ttingen studying technology policy in China expert and visiting Professor Alanna·kelulikefusiji said that given China's landmark recently launched intensive tasks and specific targets--contrary to the journey to Mars and fuzzy, the China National Space Administration "by many countries in the development of new partnerships, active space exploration provides a great opportunity".

China also has been reluctant to geo-political activities in Washington conspire to allied countries. It has such as Venezuela, Laos, Nigeria, and Belarus these countries to provide cheap and easy access to space and launch satellites for them. Pakistan is using military-grade satellite navigation systems in China, and that China will also allow you to use the space to obtain information, use this as a means of future alliances.

Article said that if China is to maintain the pace of development, it successfully launched experiment this year-"temple on the second", and then a group of astronauts into space, test key technologies, preparing for the establishment of a permanent manned space station in orbit. First space station module-"temple on the third"-is the most dramatic plan in China, is expected to be launched in 2022. It marks China's space research for a new age. In addition to many research, the "temple on the third" will also be able to maintain the survival of the three astronauts. In particular, the China National Space Administration have invitations to other countries, willing to experiment and provided them with space station astronaut came a chance.

Given the United States Congress to ban United States National Aeronautics and space cooperation with the China National Space Administration, United States is unlikely to be invited as well. However, the United States is quite possible that many of today's space partners in this list. After all, if the United States and total of expiring on 2024 plans off the international space station, which will be the only nation with a space station.

Article says, as the cold war, there is this possibility: space activities can strengthen peace, rather than undermine peace. As China's space military and civilian dependence began with the United States level of peer, adventurous nature of space activities for China and the United States and other participating States in space activities create motivation, at least to maintain the uneasy cooperation. Global digital age of space-based communication and navigation depend on the ability of the United States and China will have to work together to make crowded new space-age rules. After all, the solar system is our public site. At least for now.

Source: reference news network

Responsible editor: Wei chun

Article keywords:
Space station China energy

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美媒：中国重新定义太空 或成唯一有空间站国家|空间站|能源|中国_新闻资讯

　　原标题：外媒：中国太空力量崛起 或成唯一拥有空间站国家

　　编译 郑国仪

　　参考消息网10月5日报道 美国《大众科学》月刊网站9月20日刊登题为《中国统治太空的征程》一文。文章称，这个十年结束之前，人类将踏足以前从未去过的地方：月球的背面。

　　月球这个黑暗的一面——永远遥远地背对着人类——一直是个谜。登月任务将成为一大工程学奇迹。它涉及重达数以百计吨的火箭(飞行近25万英里)、机器人登陆车和无人驾驶月球车，需要使用传感器、摄像机和红外线光谱仪，揭开月球十亿年之久的秘密。登月任务还有可能探索月球上氦-3元素——一种前途光明的聚变能源材料——蕴藏量。而在此次具有历史意义的航天之旅中将旗帜插上月球的国家就是中华人民共和国。

　　中国重新定义21世纪太空

　　文章称，经过多年投资和战略实施之后，中国正大踏步地走在成为太空超级大国的征途上——甚至有可能成为统治大国。“嫦娥四号”登月任务只是例证之一，反映了中国希望变太空为重要的民用和军用领域的目标与雄心。现在，卫星可以为中国的飞机、导弹和无人机导航，同时还可以监测农作物产量及外国军事基地。中国火箭和航天员参加的飞天任务的数量越来越多，这也成为巨大的民族自豪感之源。

　　乔治·华盛顿大学太空政策研究所创始人约翰·洛格斯根说：“中国视太空能力代表着全球领导地位，它赋予中国与大国相关领域的合法地位。”

　　据估计，中国的太空预算与美国国家航空航天局相比仍相形见绌。仅今年一年，美国的航空航天预算就高达193亿美元。但是，中国最大限度地利用了它的预算。过去一年，它成功进行了19次太空发射，数量上仅次于俄罗斯的26次，超过了美国的18次。未来几十年，中国将进行大量堪与美国国家航空航天局此前探索飞行任务相提并论——甚至可能超越的——太空发射，包括量子通信卫星和本世纪30年代的载人登月任务。

　　文章称，通过登月飞行任务，中国不仅仅跻身于绝无仅有的两国俱乐部。它还重新定义了21世纪太空的意义——军事上、经济上以及政治上。中国还制定了重型火箭、载人空间站和世界上最大的一个卫星图像和卫星导航网计划。与此同时，美国——尤其是载人航天领域——几乎没有进展。华盛顿特区战略与国际问题研究中心主任詹姆斯·刘易斯说：“我不担心中国会突然超越我们。我担心我们自己心猿意马，有朝一日明白过来，意识到他们已经在太空占据了非常强大的地位。”

　　航天航空公司的双重角色

　　与美国的太空市场一样，中国依赖的很多与中国国家航天局合作的国有航天航空公司履行双重角色——支持军队。

　　文章称，这种相互关联可以追溯到中国火箭年代的开端，具有讽刺意味的是，也可以追溯到美国本土。中国“火箭之父”叫钱学森。作为一名中国人，钱学森1935年进入麻省理工学院，参加曼哈顿计划的研究工作，后来成为加州理工学院著名的喷气推进实验室的联合创始人。但是，在约瑟夫·麦卡锡时代，他被指控为共产党的同情者，被软禁了5年。1955年，他回到中国，被当成英雄一样迎接。后来钱学森研制了中国的弹道导弹，开展了太空火箭计划。事实上，中国现在仍然依赖他参与研究发射的太空系统——“长征”火箭。

　　上世纪80年代起，中国建造了先进的通讯和情报卫星，并向其他国家提供廉价的卫星发射服务。它开始了航天员培训计划，并开始建造出载人飞行航天舱和太空飞机。2003年，随着“神舟”5号载人飞船的发射成功——航天员杨利伟在太空中飞行了21小时，中国的太空竞赛开始实现目标。从此，中国取得了快速进展：多人载人航天飞行、太空行走以及2011年发射了“天宫一号”——双人太空实验室。明年年初，中国将发射第一代货运飞船“天舟一号”。它将与中国现有的太空实验室对接，并携带用于科学实验的补给。

　　文章称，如果说这些成就听起来像是重复几十年前其他国家(美国与苏联)已经取得的成就，那么当你考虑到像中国的量子科学实验卫星——此刻当你读到这篇文章时，它正在你头顶上方的太空绕轨飞行——这样的技术时，那种肤浅的言论就不攻自破了。量子科学实验卫星标志着在轨卫星与地面控制站之间首次发射量子加密信息。这种安全体系确保了任何试图拦截或篡改信息传递的行为都会向发送者和接收者发出警报，理论上量子加密是不可破解的。

　　在全球电子侦探时代，量子通信网甚至可以避开最先进的网络情报活动，协助中国军队和情报部门交换信息，同时令潜在的对手或间谍蒙在鼓里。只要中国是太空中唯一开展量子通信的国家，除了加强经济安全之外，它还将享有战略安全优势。量子科学实验卫星的研究人员说长期目标是保护金融通信安全。

　　太空力量崛起与地缘政治

　　文章称，可以预见的是，中国正在崛起的太空实力将伴随着北京与华盛顿之间的地缘政治摩擦。虽然中国和美国相互之间有着深层次的贸易往来，但是它们互相都把对方视为安全威胁。事实上，中国的太空计划多次在美国的安全报告中出现，美国的不安感日益增强。正如美国和苏联上世纪60年代和70年代吸取的教训那样，展示太空能力常常转化成地面影响。登月本身没有军事意义，但是地缘政治影响确实存在。刘易斯说：“中国正赶在我们之前登上月球，他们将实现人类在另一个星球上漫步，而我们没有。眼下，美国被看做太空领导者，但我们有点安于小成就，不思进取。那么，等世界其他地区都明白并意识到中国才是领导者，那会怎样？”

　　那意味着中国的太空崛起可能重组太空伙伴关系。德国哥廷根大学研究中国技术政策的专家及访问教授阿兰娜·克鲁利科夫斯基说，鉴于中国紧锣密鼓的具有里程碑意义的近期发射任务和具体的目标——与模糊的火星之旅恰恰相反，中国国家航天局“给很多国家发展新的伙伴关系、开展积极的太空探索提供了大好机会”。

　　中国还对始终不愿与华盛顿为了一己私利结盟的国家开展地缘政治活动。它一直在向诸如委内瑞拉、老挝、尼日利亚和白俄罗斯这些国家提供价廉便捷的太空准入，为它们发射卫星。巴基斯坦使用了中国的军事级卫星导航系统，说明中国还将允许使用太空获取的情报，以此作为未来缔结联盟的手段。

　　文章称，如果中国保持发展速度，它今年成功发射实验型“天宫二号”，然后将一组航天员送入太空舱，试验关键技术，为建立永久载人在轨空间站做准备。第一个空间站太空舱——“天宫三号”——是中国最引人注目的计划，预计将于2022年发射。它标志着中国太空研究进入新时代。除了诸多科研之外，“天宫三号”还将能够维持三位航天员的生存。特别是，中国国家航天局已经向其他国家发出邀请，愿意为它们提供空间站实验和航天员进站机会。

　　鉴于美国国会禁止美国国家航空航天局与中国国家航天局进行太空合作，美国不太可能在受邀之列。但是，美国现在的很多太空伙伴非常可能在此之列。毕竟，如果美国及共有国2024年按计划关闭即将到期的国际空间站，届时中国将成为唯一拥有空间站的国家。

　　文章称，正如冷战一样，也存在这种可能性：太空活动可以加强和平，而不是削弱和平。随着中国对太空的军用和民用依赖开始与美国的水平对等，空间活动充满冒险的性质将为中国和美国两国及其他太空活动参与国创造动机，至少要维持忐忑不安的合作。全球对数字时代基于太空的通信及导航能力的依赖意味着美国和中国将不得不合作，共同制定拥挤的新太空时代的规则。毕竟，太阳系是我们的公用地盘。至少现在如此。

　　来源：参考消息网

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