"Goddess of the Yangtze" Baiji appears functionally extinct 10 | Baiji _ news
"Goddess of the Yangtze" reputation of Chinese River Dolphin has been declared "functionally extinct" for nearly 10 years, the Chinese river dolphin are there individuals survive? The national day holiday, a private expedition made up of volunteers across China have again gathered, decided in the Yangtze River for a period of 7 days of the search.
Yesterday, they made exciting discoveries.
On October 4, the report by civil volunteer expedition, in Wuhu section of Yangtze River suspected "Goddess of the Yangtze" Baiji
According to the Anhui satellite TV on October 5, 4th, a team made up of folk enthusiasts claim that they in Anhui Wuhu Yangtze River Black saw suspected shoal waters near Baiji. Currently, the team has informed the discovery to the Wuhan Institute of Hydrobiology, CAs. Aquatic has sent research personnel to the scene to investigate.
Chinese River Dolphin is known as "Goddess of the Yangtze", December 2006, Chinese and foreign scientists in the Yangtze River for more than 40 days after the massive search found no Baiji. On August 8, 2007, the United Kingdom published in the Royal Society journal biology letters, according to the report, formally released Baiji functionally extinct.
Several subsequent visits, annual sentinel surveillance, hundreds of volunteers along the search, Chinese River Dolphin has never appeared in sight.
In recent years, reports of sightings of lipotes vexillifer messages one after another, although conclusive evidence is lacking, but volunteers across China to work together, searching for Chinese river dolphin research, to draw attention to the Yangtze River, the awareness of wildlife protection.
"Yangtze River Baiji is possible, expect miracles! "International year of freshwater dolphin expert Wang Ding said. September 30 to October 7, Beijing, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and other places of the 20 volunteers gathered in Anqing, Anhui Province, most likely to be found, "Goddess of the Yangtze" section of the search and investigation.
The morning of October 1, this expedition in Anqing by 4 boats split road towards Jiujiang, Jiangxi, and Anhui section of the search for Baiji. This is the first time the Baiji major investigation initiated by a civilian activity.
Sponsor song Qi Wu introduced, this expedition total travel more than 800 kilometers, will last until October 7. Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS provides training and instruction to the expedition, and the free loan of a passive sonar search equipment for use by the investigation.
According to the Anhui satellite TV reported on October 4, cloudy weather on the Yangtze River, visibility is good. 9:22 A.M., expedition two fishing vessels rented starting from digang, Tongling town downstream, when black Sha Chau Chau Tau into auxiliary channel 1-kilometer, open at the front, drive on the East Coast, 2nd Marine Expedition first found on front left two hundred or three hundred metres long beak, body gray and white animal out of the water.
"Lipotes vexillifer! "The first expedition to see Liu Siyang in alarm.
On October 4, the report by civil volunteer expedition, in Wuhu section of Yangtze River suspected "Goddess of the Yangtze" lipotes vexillifer.
And then people saw the suspected head of Baiji in the fishing boat left and the second, the third outlet, outlet distance two hundred or three hundred meters at a time. The left ahead of it from the second ship up the upstream, disappear in the water flow of the Yangtze River.
Stop the expedition ship, and lowering sonar detectors, hoping to record issued by the Chinese River Dolphin echolocation signals.
Unfortunately, when nobody can use the camera to record the moment for effective image.
Expedition immediately reported the situation to the Wuhan Institute of aquatic. Aquatic after hearing decided to send professionals to join the civil investigation. Next researchers will analyze data on sonar detectors.
In addition, expedition recorder is installed in the bow, expedition of recorded audio and video will be pored over.
Lipotes vexillifer by reputation, "Goddess of the Yangtze River"
Chinese River Dolphin is the oldest species unique to China's middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and 25 million years ago lived in the Yangtze River, known as "living fossils". Chinese river dolphin are just like people with lung-breathing freshwater mammals, all white, but Visual organ degeneration, sonar systems are very sensitive, as the "Goddess of the Yangtze River", is the national level protected animal, is one of the 12 most endangered species in the world.
50 years ago, people can also be found in Yangtze River saw the Chinese river dolphin in droves. Now, it has been hard to find the traces of the Yangtze River.
Confirm "functionally extinct"
2007, United Kingdom academic journals Royal Association biology Express published has in the, and beauty, and British, and de, and Switzerland, and day 6 country scientists of "2006 long finless porpoise class study" report, confirmed has a was regrets of message: "Yangtze River goddess" lipotes vexillifer was finds for function sex extinction, became following in the 1950 of the 20th century for which killed fishing and extinction of Caribbean monk seals zhihou, and a from Earth disappeared of large water habitat mammals.
The so-called functionally extinct, refers to the theory has not ruled out the presence of a few individuals, but their number is too small, below the minimum of creature existence and reproduction, extinction is just a matter of time.
Protection and reproduction failed
Professor, Institute of Hydrobiology, Wang Ding, introduced in 1978, China began a Baiji conservation system. In 1986, the Institute of hydrobiology "in situ conservation", "ex situ conservation", "breed" three measures.
In 1992, China set up two State-level nature reserve in Hubei, were "Yangtze River Swan islet Baiji national nature reserve" and "new spiral section of Yangtze River Baiji national nature reserve", and also established a Baiji conservation field, Tongling, Anhui, implementation of in situ conservation and ex situ conservation of lipotes vexillifer.
In 1980, the fishermen captured a wounded Chinese River Dolphin was sent to the Institute of Hydrobiology, live in an artificial environment for as long as 23 years, become one of the longest freshwater dolphin species farmed.
The important outcome of the study on artificial propagation of "Chi-Chi". In 1986, people had a hard time capturing a female lipotes vexillifer, trying to make it with "Qi Qi", mate. The Baiji had not yet matured, just waiting for it to sexual maturity period, it unfortunately pneumonia deaths. In 2002, the world's only artificial feeding the Baiji, "Qi Qi" died.
Extinct or not too early
Chinese River Dolphin is extinct? Pylon Professor of answered to everyone brings line hope: "only by this times study of results and cannot Xia lipotes vexillifer has extinction of findings, because first we of study is not 24 hours not continuous, but daily 8 hours work; second, we of study and no cover all waters; third, we of study take sampling method, since is sampling, natural impossible saw each a a individual. ”
Professor Wang Ding said to determine a species functionally extinct two main indicators: population sparse, loss of function, tiny impact on the surrounding ecosystem; the number dropped to no guarantee that the needs of the population.
According to him, according to the criteria of the World Conservation Union, a species last for 50 years is not found, can only be declared "extinct". Chinese River Dolphin was discovered in 2004, a record, said its extinction too early. Union also States that determine the extinction of a species must be continuously investigated the entire distribution area, the species is not found within a life cycle is extinct. Chinese River Dolphin can live up to 30 years, confirm that extinction must be continuously for 30 years to study their survival.
Chinese River Dolphin endangered four reasons
Statistics show that Baiji specimens collected in the 90% per cent of the deaths were directly caused by human activity.
First of all, cool catch abuse often kills lipotes vexillifer, or lead to Baiji shortage of food. Experts say that, on the one hand along the rapid increase in the population, fishermen to fish more and more demand, to fish for a living Baiji are received less and less food. The other hand, fishermen fishing on lipotes vexillifer accidentally are common. According to incomplete statistics, due to the fishing operations of accidental death lipotes vexillifer is almost half of all deaths. Plus some heavy use of fish, fish, fishing, mihunzhen and other harmful means, Chinese River Dolphin survival even worse. In 1987, upon death of a Chinese River Dolphin of Yangtze River, there are 103 bloody wounds.
Secondly, the busy water traffic threaten the security of Chinese river dolphin, the increasingly busy waterway makes it less and less space. Noise pollution caused by ships will be disrupted normal life of Baiji, jamming their sonar systems, resulting in tragedies of the Chinese River Dolphin is killed by ship propellers. Death in Baiji specimens collected, some skull crushed, some are waist cut.
Third, large-scale construction of water conservancy facilities increasingly compressed Baiji's survival, destruction of their Habitat, and blocked their migratory routes. In previous years, Hubei honghu blast clear the course of bird's nest will be a Baiji with 4 members of family killed, including 2 female dolphin was pregnant.
In addition, the severe pollution damaged the Chinese River Dolphin's food resources. Wang Ding said that along with the rapid development of the Yangtze River industrial and pesticide use, increasingly serious water pollution in the Yangtze River. A study showed that the content of harmful substances in Baiji Dolphin is much higher.
Rumors have witnessed the Baiji
Anhui Tongling, a fisherman in the late 80 's and 90 Chinese river dolphin survey of sector organizations had participated in scientific research, so special attention to Chinese river dolphin.
According to the fishermen's record: in August 2007, a people on the shore of the Yangtze River in Tongling spotted a mysterious aquatic creatures, and photographed images, expert judgement for lipotes vexillifer by the Chinese Academy of aquatic, but the discovery did not change the scientific community concluded that for Chinese River Dolphin may be extinct;
From March 18, 2016, 23rd-8 volunteers took two fishing boats in Tongling section of Yangtze River with Visual search for Baiji, near March 20 there were 3 people in the bar hear sound like a whistle, and "Qi Qi", sounds very similar to the March 23 players found the water wave spray, fishermen based on experience may be the Chinese river dolphin.
But it is regrettable that these sighting has not received a confirmation.
Comprehensive Jiangxi and Anhui satellite TV, News Observer network, the chutian metropolis daily report
Responsible editor: Wang Hao
Article keywords:Lipotes vexillifer
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“长江女神”白鱀豚现身 已功能性灭绝10年|白鱀豚_新闻资讯
有“长江女神”美誉的白鱀豚已经被宣布“功能性灭绝”将近10年，那么，白鱀豚是否还有个体幸存？这个国庆假期，一支由中国各地志愿者组成的民间考察队再次聚集，决定在长江展开为期7天的寻找。
昨天，他们有了令人振奋的发现。
10月4日，由民间志愿者组成的考察队报告，在长江安徽芜湖段发现疑似“长江女神”白鱀豚
据安徽卫视10月5日报道，4日，一只由民间爱好者组成的考察队声称，他们在长江安徽芜湖黑沙洲附近的水域看到了疑似白鱀豚。目前，考察队已经将的发现通报给了位于武汉的中科院水生生物研究所。水生所已经派出科研人员赶赴现场调查。
白鱀豚被誉为“长江女神”，2006年12月，中外科学家在长江进行了40多天的大规模搜寻后，未发现一头白鱀豚。2007年8月8日，英国《皇家协会生物学快报》期刊据此发表报告，正式公布白鱀豚功能性灭绝。
随后的多次大规模考察、每年定点监测、数百志愿者沿江寻找，白鱀豚却始终没有出现在人们的视线里。
这几年，陆续传出有人目击白鱀豚的消息，虽然都缺乏确凿证据，但却促使中国各地志愿者携手合作，展开搜寻白鱀豚的考察，以唤起人们关注长江、保护野生动物的意识。
“长江有白鱀豚不是没有可能，期待奇迹出现！”国际淡水豚类研究专家王丁说。今年9月30日起至10月7日，来自北京、江西、湖北、湖南、安徽等地的20名志愿者集结安徽安庆，在最有可能发现“长江女神”的江段展开寻找和考察。
10月1日早上，这支考察队在安庆乘坐4艘渔船兵分两路驶往江西九江和安徽江段寻找白鱀豚。这也是国内首次由民间人士发起的白鱀豚大型考察活动。
发起人宋奇介绍，此次考察总行程800多公里，将持续至10月7日。中科院水生生物研究所向考察队提供了培训指导，并无偿出借一套被动声呐搜寻设备供考察使用。
据安徽卫视报道，10月4日长江上天气多云，能见度很好。上午9点22分，考察队租用的两艘渔船从铜陵荻港镇出发顺流而下，当进入到黑沙洲洲头辅航道一千米时，开在前面、靠东岸行驶的2号船上的考察队员首先发现左前方两三百米处有一头长着尖嘴、全身灰白色的动物跃出水面。
“白鱀豚！”第一个看到的考察队员刘思洋惊呼起来。
10月4日，由民间志愿者组成的考察队报告，在长江安徽芜湖段发现疑似“长江女神”白鱀豚。
接着，人们又看到这头疑似白鱀豚在渔船左侧又第二、第三次出水，每次出水间隔距离有二三百米 。它从二号船的左前方向上游逆流而上，瞬间消失在长江的水流中。
考察队立刻停船，并放下声呐探测仪，希望能够记录下白鱀豚发出的回声定位信号。
可惜的是，当时没人能用相机记录下这一瞬间的有效影像。
科考队立刻将这一情况上报给了中科院武汉水生所。水生所闻讯后决定派出专业人员加入到这次民间考察中来。下一步科研人员将对声呐探测仪的数据进行分析。
此外，考察队在船头安装了记录仪，考察队员将对录下的音视频做仔细研读。
白鱀豚被誉“长江女神”
白鱀豚是中国长江中下游独有的古老物种，2500万年以前就生活在长江，被称为“活化石”。白鱀豚是跟人一样用肺呼吸的淡水哺乳类动物，通体雪白，但视听器官退化，声呐系统非常灵敏，被誉为“长江女神”，是国家一级保护动物，也是世界12种最濒危物种之一。
50年前，人们还可以在长江看到白鱀豚成群结队出没。现在，长江已难觅踪影。
确认“功能性灭绝”
2007年，英国学术期刊《皇家协会生物学快报》发表了中、美、英、德、瑞士、日6国科学家的“2006长江豚类考察”报告，确认了一个令人遗憾的消息：“长江女神”白鱀豚被认定为功能性灭绝，成为继20世纪50年代因滥杀滥捕而灭绝的加勒比僧海豹之后，又一种从地球消失的大型水栖哺乳动物。
所谓功能性灭绝，是指虽然理论上仍不排除有少数生物个体存在，但其数量过于稀少，已低于一种生物存在和繁衍的最低限度，最终灭绝只是时间问题。
保护与繁殖均告失败
中国科学院水生生物研究所教授王丁介绍，1978年中国就开始了白鱀豚保护的系统研究。1986年，中国科学院水生生物研究所提出了“就地保护”、“迁地保护”、“人工繁殖”三大措施。
1992年，中国在湖北建立了两个国家级自然保护区，分别是“长江天鹅洲白鱀豚国家级自然保护区”和“长江新螺段白鱀豚国家级自然保护区”，此外还建立了安徽铜陵白鱀豚养护场，实施白鱀豚的就地保护和迁地保护。
1980年，渔民捕获的一头受伤白鱀豚被送到中国科学院水生生物研究所，在人工环境下存活了23年之久，成为世界淡水豚类人工养殖时间最长的之一。
人工繁殖研究的重要成果是“淇淇”。1986年，人们好不容易捕获一头雌性白鱀豚，尝试让其与“淇淇”交配。这只白鱀豚当时尚未成熟，就在等待它性成熟期间，它不幸患肺炎死亡。2002年，世界上唯一一头人工饲养的白鱀豚“淇淇”去世。
灭绝与否言之尚早
白鱀豚是否已经灭绝？王丁教授的回答给大家带来一线希望：“仅凭这几次考察的结果并不能下白鱀豚已灭绝的定论，因为首先我们的考察并非24小时不间断，而是每日8小时工作；其次，我们的考察并没有覆盖全部水域；第三，我们的考察采取抽样法，既然是抽样，自然不可能看见每一个个体。”
王丁教授表示，判定一个物种功能性灭绝主要看两个指标：种群稀少，功能丧失，对周围生态影响微小；数量下降至无法保证种群繁殖的需要。
据他介绍，根据世界自然保护联盟的标准，一个物种持续50年未发现，才可宣告“灭绝”。白鱀豚在2004年还有被发现的记录，说它灭绝言之尚早。联盟还规定，确定一个物种灭绝必须连续考察整个分布区，在该物种一个生命周期内未发现存在才算灭绝。白鱀豚一般可活30年，确认灭绝必须30年内连续对其生存状况进行考察。
白鱀豚濒危四大原因
资料显示，收集到的白鱀豚标本中90%以上的死亡是由于人类活动直接造成的。
首先，酷捕滥捞经常误杀白鱀豚，或导致白鱀豚食物匮乏。专家说，一方面沿江人口飞速增长，渔民对鱼类需求越来越大，以鱼为生的白鱀豚能够得到的食物越来越少。另一方面，渔民捕捞作业对白鱀豚的误伤屡见不鲜。据不完全统计，由于捕捞作业误伤死亡的白鱀豚几乎达到死亡总数的一半。加上一些不法之徒大量使用炸鱼、毒鱼、电打鱼、迷魂阵等有害手段，令白鱀豚的生存雪上加霜。1987年在长江死亡的一头白鱀豚身上，竟有103处血淋淋的大小伤口。
其次，繁忙的水上交通威胁白鱀豚的安全，航道的日益繁忙使其生活空间越来越小。船舶的噪音污染将白鱀豚的正常生活打乱，干扰了它们的声呐系统，造成白鱀豚被船舶螺旋桨打死的惨剧。在收集到的死亡白鱀豚标本中，有的头骨粉碎，有的被拦腰斩断。
第三，大规模水利工程设施建设日渐压缩白鱀豚的生存空间，破坏其栖息地，并阻断其洄游路线。前些年，湖北洪湖燕窝实施爆破清理航道，将一个拥有4名成员的白鱀豚家庭炸死，其中2头雌豚已怀孕。
此外，严重水污染破坏了白鱀豚的食物资源。王丁说，随着长江沿江工业的迅速发展和农药的大量使用，长江水质污染日益严重。一项研究表明，白鱀豚体内的有害物质含量比海豚要高得多。
屡有目击白鱀豚传闻
安徽铜陵一渔民在上世纪80年代和90年代曾参加过科研部门组织的白鱀豚考察，因此对白鱀豚特别关注。
据该渔民记录：2007年8月，铜陵一市民在长江岸边目击一神秘水生动物，并摄下影像资料，中国科院水生所专家判断为白鱀豚，但是这一发现也没有改变科学界对白鱀豚可能已经灭绝的断定；
2016年3月18日至23日，8名志愿者分乘两艘渔船在长江铜陵段用目测方法寻找白鱀豚，3月20日有3人在沙洲乡附近听到像哨音的声音，与“淇淇”的叫声非常相似，3月23日有队员发现水面掀起一阵水花，渔民根据经验判断可能是白鱀豚。
不过遗憾的是，这些目击记录都没有拿到确证。
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责任编辑：王浩成
文章关键词： 白鱀豚
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