Chinese military intervention management core comes from nuclear, chemical and biological hazards of smog control technologies
On October 14, Beijing issued yellow warning, air pollution haze blue warning, yellow fog warning three warning coexistence, relative humidity of the air is reaching saturation point, the city's wide range of visibility of 1 km or so, less than 500 metres, be sure to pay attention to traffic safety and health protection. Fog and haze visibility in Beijing urban area, many people wearing face masks.
On consecutive days, Beijing's smog is a yellow warning, October 14, still no improvement. The past few days, "the Chinese military intervention treatment of haze" became a hot news.
News origin are: Dean of school of the PLA anti-chemical huxiaoping major-General at the China International Exhibition Center, has issued a "high resolution forecast China's air quality and pollution control decision support system (NARS, referred to as na SI system)". This system is in the "blue Parade" for instance after the simulation results, Beijing in organizing large scale events in Beijing and neighboring provinces and cities emissions enterprise is not to shut down, shutdown, just controlled emission source with few control areas, you can get the "blue Parade" the same effect, dramatically reducing cost control. Huxiaoping said that the NA SI system is an effective way of exploring the integration of military and civilian development attempts, its precise cure haze technical methodologies, is in control of nuclear, chemical and biological hazards prediction and control based on the theories, methods and techniques, so that "civil-military integration, precise treatment of haze".
Analysts believe that in the case of many control methods are not effective, which perhaps provides a new way to treat China's haze.
Subsequently, the science and technology daily journalist, a systems development team leader Huang Shunxiang researcher. According to him, thinking systems team lead by the PLA Institute of Chemical Defense, Institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing University, the national meteorological center and a Beijing technology company jointly set up.
In recent years, the school of Chemical Defense in the new theory of innovation and new technology has made a breakthrough in the study, particularly in the areas of nuclear, chemical and biological security, many representatives at the highest level. "NA SI system's core technology, from nuclear, chemical or biological hazard prediction and control technology. "Huang Shun-Xiang said," air pollution control and control over nuclear, chemical and biological hazards in the theory is the same. "When the treatment of haze after becoming the focus of public concern in China, longtime NBC Huang Shunxiang found that a range of prediction and control nuclear, biological or chemical technology to can be used to break through the fog and haze prevention and control difficult.
This year, Huang Shunxiang team successfully applied for China's first national plan "cause of air pollution and control technology of" key projects "integrated tracing and dynamic control of atmospheric pollution (youth project)", combined with previous research results, develop the SI system.
"You are the science and technology daily journalist, I'll tell you that from a technical perspective. So that more readers can understand from my professional. "Huang Shunxiang introduced said, air pollution emergency control of core problem, is how in adverse diffusion of weather conditions Xia take appropriate of regulation measures, makes its in arrived control target of premise Xia control cost, and environment effect and social benefits overall effect best; nature problem is in diffusion conditions constraints Xia proposed a on sources of regulation programme, involves emissions source, and meteorological field forecast, and air quality forecast, and pollution tracing, and pollution control of economic cost, and social benefits and environment effect, content. Among them, the sources can be divided into two types of conventional and unconventional sources of pollution source. Conventional sources of pollution can be achieved by updating the emission cleaning and non-conventional sources (emergency environmental pollution accidents and illegal discharge of pollutant in the atmosphere), and usually requires a source term inversion is achieved.
Huang Shunxiang told the science journal, at present, the SI system can provide data management, weather forecasting, air quality forecasting and other conventional features, first realization of high resolution grid of air pollution source and dynamic optimization control of the two functions. Application of adjoint operator theory, calculation of target contribution rate of regional air pollution emission sources, in order to achieve reverse tracing from the receptor to the source. Results based on the source of the air pollution, contribute to the pollution of the sensitivity analysis are given based on grid (resolution 1-3km) in different regions and at different periods of the various emission source point pollution contribution percentage contribution rate and the main pollution sources sorted list, provide the fundamental basis for dynamic optimization of air pollution control.
Dynamic optimization control of air pollution, on the one hand be bound by weather and other natural processes, pollution process, on the pollution control of the human activities reflected in the impact on pollution, and natural Cybernetics is the natural environment-controlled behavior and control of mechanisms and control theory, methods and techniques. Said Huang Shun-Xiang, na SI system using natural Cybernetics guideline by air pollution control the economic costs, social benefit and environmental effect evaluation model establishment of formation conditions of heavy pollution, regulating effect and correlation mechanism between the three, realization of synoptic-scale quantitative pollution regulation. Through the atmospheric environmental monitoring, source management, sensitivity analysis, air pollution control costs and social and environmental benefits and many other technologies and methods, synoptic-scale optimization of pollution control plan is formed.
Huang Shunxiang stressed that to achieve precise traceability of weather and dynamic optimization of specific regional pollution control, need to be sources of emissions in the region, socio-economic data related to integration with the SI system, a corresponding regulatory measures through management sector, and heavy pollution weather process in the implementation of these measures in order to achieve good results.
According to science daily reporter, na SI team members include youth in the system as the backbone, Huang Shunxiang is representative of a group of young scientists and famous Meteorologist and academician of Zeng Qingcun participate study guide, featuring technical and consultant.
(Editors: Biao Guo UN832)
2016-10-15 05:12:48
China News Network
中国军方介入治理雾霾 核心源于核生化危害控制技术
10月14日，北京地区发布霾黄色预警、空气重污染蓝色预警、大雾黄色预警仨预警共存状态，空气相对湿度已接近饱和，全市大范围能见度在1公里左右，局地不足500米，出行务必注意交通安全及健康防护。北京城区被雾霾笼罩能见度低，不少市民佩戴口罩出行。
连续几天，北京雾霾已是黄色预警，10月14日依然不见好转。而这几日，“中国军方介入治霾”成为一个热点新闻。
新闻缘起是：解放军防化学院院长呼小平少将在中国国际展览中心，发布了“中国空气质量高分辨率预报和污染控制决策支持系统(NARS，简称呐思系统)”。这个系统在对“阅兵蓝”进行实例模拟后得出结果，北京举办大型活动，北京及周边省市排放企业并非都要停工、停产，只需要控制相关区域不多的可控排放源，就可以得到与“阅兵蓝”同样的效果，大幅降低控制代价。呼小平说，呐思系统是探索军民融合发展路子的有效尝试，它的精准治霾技术方法体系，是在防化学院核生化危害预测与控制理论、方法和技术基础之上开展的，因此提出“军民融合、精准治霾”。
分析认为，在很多治理办法都不见大成效的情况下，这或许为中国治霾提供了一个新的思路。
随后，科技日报记者采访了这一系统研发团队领军人物黄顺祥研究员。据他介绍，呐思系统团队由解放军防化学院牵头，中国科学院大气物理研究所、北京大学、国家气象中心和北京一家科技公司等单位联合组建。
近年来，防化学院在新理论和新技术的创新性研究中取得了突破性成就，特别是在核安全、化学安全和生物安全领域，很多研究均代表了中国最高技术水平。“呐思系统的核心技术，来源于核生化危害预测与控制技术。”黄顺祥说，“大气污染控制与核生化危害控制在理论上是相通的。”当治霾成为中国公众关注的焦点后，长期研究核生化的黄顺祥发现，其实核生化的一系列预测和控制通用技术，可以用来突破雾霾防控的难点。
今年，黄顺祥团队成功申请了中国首批国家重点研发计划“大气污染成因与控制技术研究”重点专项 “大气重污染综合溯源与动态优化控制研究(青年项目)”，结合前期研究成果，发展建立起了呐思系统。
“你是科技日报记者，我就从技术层面给你们讲讲。让更多读者能从专业上理解。”黄顺祥介绍说，大气污染应急控制的核心问题，是如何在不利扩散的天气条件下采取恰当的调控措施，使其在到达控制目标的前提下控制代价、环境效应和社会效益整体效果最佳；本质问题是在扩散条件约束下提出一套对污染源的调控方案，涉及到排放源、气象场预报、空气质量预报、污染溯源、污染控制的经济代价、社会效益和环境效应等内容。其中，排放源又可分为常规污染源和非常规污染源两类。常规污染源可以通过更新排放清理实现；而非常规污染源(突发大气环境污染事故和非法排放污染源)，通常需要通过源项反演得以实现。
黄顺祥告诉科技日报记者，目前，呐思系统除了可以提供数据综合管理、气象场预报、空气质量预报等常规功能外，首次实现了大气污染高分辨率网格化溯源和动态优化控制两大功能。应用伴随算子原理，计算造成目标区域大气污染的各排放源贡献率，从而实现从受体到源的逆向溯源。基于大气污染溯源结果，对污染源贡献的敏感性分析，给出基于网格化(分辨率1—3km)的不同区域、不同时段各种排放源对控制点的污染贡献比例和主要污染源贡献率排序清单，为大气污染动态优化控制提供基本依据。
大气污染动态优化控制，一方面受气象过程、污染过程等自然规律的约束，另一方面要将污染控制这一人类活动反映到对污染过程的影响中，而自然控制论正是自然环境的自控行为与人工调控的机理以及人工调控的理论、方法和技术。黄顺祥说，呐思系统应用自然控制论指导思想， 通过空气污染控制的经济代价、社会效益和环境效应评价模型，建立重污染形成条件、调控和效应三者之间的关联机理，实现了天气尺度重污染调控定量化。通过大气环境监测、排放源管理、敏感性分析、大气污染调控成本和社会环境效益等多项技术和方法，形成天气尺度重污染动态调控优化方案。
黄顺祥强调，要实现具体区域污染天气的精准溯源和动态优化控制，还需要将该区域的排放源、社会、经济等相关数据与呐思系统进行融合，通过管理部门制定对应的调控措施，并在重污染天气过程中执行这些措施才能取得良好效果。
另据科技日报记者了解，呐思系统团队以成员单位中的青年为骨干，黄顺祥就是这一批青年科学家的代表；而著名气象学家、中国科学院院士曾庆存全程参与研究指导，并担纲技术顾问。
(责任编辑：郭彪 UN832)
2016-10-15 05:12:48
中国新闻网