Secrets behind the 11th manned SHENZHOU spacecraft rendezvous and docking in space "clairvoyance": microwave radar team | tiangong | radar _ news
Microwave radar aboard Shenzhou 11th computer simulation

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 19 (reporter Qu Ting)-manned spacecraft Shenzhou 11th is 393 km orbit from the ground, with the temple on the second simulated future space station for the first time a spacecraft rendezvous and docking. Among them, China's independent research and development of microwave radar with high precision measurement capabilities noticeable.

"Firmly hold the red line for rendezvous and docking, this is close to the A4 paper size, weight less than 6 kg of compact high-tech ' eye '. "Rendezvous and docking of microwave radar, Chief Engineer of Sun Wu said.

In the temple on the first and Shenzhou spacecraft in space rendezvous and docking missions three times a neutral contribution of microwave radar, smaller, lighter, more reliable. Reporter-camp development unit of the China Aerospace Science and industry Corporation II 25, revealing their fourth "battle" scenes.

New "clairvoyance": "talking" with "helmet"

According to reports, the major role in 200 km of microwave radar to a remote range in 20 meters, can be described as a veritable "clairvoyant". It differs from the other principle of measuring sensor work closely together, "relay" lead connected to the spacecraft from the first.

Sun Tzu said that next-generation microwave radar to do remote capture, tracking, accurate guided three main tasks, "each time the task is not a simple repetition of the last. This time, is manned radar technology platform, and the first test of the series. "

On June 16, 2013, Sun Wu, Chief Engineer in the miniaturization of microwave radar improvement plan

According to the temple on the second and subsequent space station mission requirements, RVD will trend to normal, fast, a highly efficient and reliable radar platform is essential.

"We are for a new generation of microwave radar communication feature, future lab and spacecraft communication will become more timely and accurate. "Sun Tzu says, silencing of these means" clairvoyant "will" speak "and become more powerful.

Equipment in the "temple on the second" microwave transponder on products

For the entire State for radar outside the cabin, full of high energy particles in space is the most dangerous "enemy", they, like the tide, "shock" microwave radar, radar caused error, or even "losing lock."

Microwave radar designers, software engineering Director Xu Qiufeng said, a new generation of microwave radar enhances the resistance of single event upset, take measures such as dynamically refreshed, "is like putting on a self-healing layer of armor, in response to the impact of high-energy particles, the ability to identify rapid cloning and regeneration of damaged cells, restoring normal function, resistance to radiation increase more than 1 order of magnitude."

According to reports, the microwave transponder mounted on the temple on the second radar installation aboard Shenzhou 11th, like the two ends of the phone, a question-and-answer, continuously pass data to each other, adjust the position and attitude for spacecraft to provide accurate information to realize high precision docking.

Equipment in the "Shenzhou 11th" on microwave radar products

Lightweight: prepare for Lunar and Mars exploration

Overall 25 loads of space technology research director Jiang Qingfu, Director of microwave radar designers revealed that the rendezvous and docking technology of microwave radar design, latest product will be equipped in the next days the boat, first on cargo ships.

Space rendezvous and docking radar project started in China in 1999, after 17 years of research and development, now entering the serial key stages. It is learnt that the microwave transponder is the second generation of product, so this is also the first rendezvous and docking docking with the matches of the second generation was tested in advance of the next space station docking measurement tasks.

In the original on the accumulation of technology, next-generation microwave radar improvement of products focus on the small, lightweight. "Half of the weight is Shenzhou tenth radar, before the volume is one-third. "Sun Tzu says, power consumption is reduced to the original two-thirds. "This means that the radar can work in space longer, which will play a big role on Lunar and Mars exploration."

Jiang Qingfu says don't underestimate "downsizing" of 6 kg, "for manned spaceflight, inch pounds inch of gold", it may mean that the temple on the second carry, a product, a space experiment was conducted.

Sun Wu (third from right) and Jiang Qingfu (second from left) lead the team to prepare for the rendezvous and docking

The strength of the performance of next-generation microwave radar? Sun Wu with series metaphor let data became more intuitive: "in measurement range Shang, it Shang to Beijing five ring a whole circle, Xia to a Zhang table of length; in ranging precise degree Shang, can reached a put 20 cm of feet long; in measuring angle precision Shang, reached equivalent to people eye test vision Shi adjacent two line Zhijian of angle; in speed measurement of errors Shang, basic is less than a only Ant of crawling speed. ”

25, Deputy Director Huang Yihu said besides 11th spacecraft Shenzhou into orbit after launch of power, power on self calibration, target acquisition and tracking, precise measurements in addition, in order to ensure that the space of alternating temperature measurement accuracy of microwave radar command and control center to control another in-orbit calibration and capture, track the target has been steady ever since, until the docking mission to a successful conclusion.

"The astronaut into the temple on the second, a combination of 30 days in orbit, microwave radar team will also continue to provide support. "Huang Yihu said.

Innovative "gene" emergence of manned China "accuracy"

Microwave radar designers He Zhongqin, Deputy Director for a long time was the only female on the team. She describes microwave radar, just like a gentle caress it's sister: "it works very well, is stable, the telemetry parameter. ”

"Microwave radar is manned the very heart of rendezvous and docking technique. "Sun Tzu says, to break the blockade of aerospace power, Chinese independent innovation path.

Microwave radar team discuss the refined suspension flight test programme

In 2002, Wu put forward a new rendezvous and docking radar technology. At that time, the technology has not been widely around the world. Face questioning, Wu led the team in the "blank" technology was started in hard.

In 2007, microwave radar prototype was born. In May 2008, microwave radar is manned rendezvous and docking. In November 2010, microwave radar product delivery. On November 3, 2011 debut Temple on the first microwave radar and spacecraft rendezvous and docking of the eighth, and the successful completion of the task.

From the programme, the first complete "space's Kiss", Wu and his team took just 9 years, China ranks among the world's top space rendezvous and docking radar technology, and with independent intellectual property rights 100%.

At a high level of China "precision" behind young team is the envy of the international space community. According to reports, the rendezvous and docking microwave radar team has 21 people, the "$literal" accounted for more than 85% with an average age of just 31 years old. At present, the "90" post have joined.

He Zhongqin said production and delivery stages, development team about new technologies, new materials, new processes such as analysis, 9 projects reviewed. "It can be said that innovation has become China's space persons genes from generation to generation."

"Growing up, you have to be creative. "Sun Tzu says," design once, Yan Shen developed a thin, solid, and this is the key to success. ”

(The photos in the article by the China Aerospace Science and industry Corporation II 25 images)

Responsible editor: Liu Debin SN222

Article keywords:
Temple radar

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揭秘神舟十一号载人飞船交会对接背后太空“千里眼”:微波雷达团队|天宫|雷达_新闻资讯
神舟十一号飞船上的微波雷达电脑模拟图

新华社北京10月19日电（记者屈婷）神舟十一号载人飞船即将在距离地面393公里的轨道上，与天宫二号航天器首次模拟未来空间站交会对接。其中，中国独立研发的具备高精度测量能力的微波雷达引人注目。

“为交会对接牢牢牵起红线的，就是这个接近A4纸大小、重量还不到6公斤的袖珍高科技‘眼睛’。”交会对接微波雷达总工程师孙武介绍说。

曾在天宫一号和神舟飞船的三次空间交会对接任务中立下汗马功劳的微波雷达，如今变得更小、更轻、更可靠。记者探营其研制单位中国航天科工集团二院25所，揭秘他们第四次“出征”的幕后故事。

新“千里眼”：会“说话”　有“盔甲”

据介绍，微波雷达主要作用在200公里到20米的中远程范围，可谓名副其实的“千里眼”。它和其他不同原理的测量敏感器一起密切配合，“接力”牵引着航天器从相遇到相连。

孙武说，新一代微波雷达要完成远距离捕获、稳定跟踪、精准导引三大任务，“每次任务都不是上一次的简单重复。这一次，是载人航天在雷达技术上实现平台化、系列化的首次考验”。

2013年6月16日，总工程师孙武在研究微波雷达小型化改进方案

根据天宫二号及以后空间站任务的要求，交会对接将呈现常态化、快速化的趋势，一个高效、可靠的雷达通信平台不可或缺。

“我们为新一代微波雷达增加了通信功能，将来实验室和飞船沟通会变得更及时和精准。”孙武说，这意味着以往沉默的“千里眼”会“说话”了，变得更加强大。

装备在“天宫二号”上的微波应答机产品

对于整个立在舱外的雷达来说，太空中充斥的各种高能粒子是最危险的“敌人”，它们会像潮水一样“冲击”微波雷达，造成雷达误码，甚至“失去锁定”。

微波雷达软件工程主任设计师徐秋峰介绍说，新一代微波雷达增强了抗单粒子打翻的能力，还采取动态刷新等措施，“就像披上了一层自我修复的盔甲，在应对高能粒子冲击时，能够及时识别损伤细胞并快速克隆再生，恢复产品正常功能，抗辐射性能提高1个数量级以上”。

据介绍，微波应答机安装在天宫二号上，雷达安装在神舟十一号飞船上，两者就像是电话的两端，一问一答，不断相互传递数据，为飞船调整位置和姿态提供准确的信息，最终实现高精度对接。

装备在“神舟十一号”上的微波雷达产品

轻量化：为探月和火星探测做准备

25所空间载荷技术总体研究室主任、微波雷达主任设计师蒋清富透露，本次交会对接微波雷达技术设计超前，最新的产品将装备在明年天舟一号货运飞船上。

中国的空间交会对接雷达项目起步于1999年，经过17年的独立研发，如今进入系列化的关键阶段。据悉，微波应答机已经是第二代产品，因此本次交会对接中也是第一代产品与第二代产品的匹配对接，是对后续空间站的对接测量任务的提前考验。

在原有技术的积累上，新一代微波雷达产品重点开展了小型化、轻量化的改进。“重量是神舟十号雷达的一半，体积是以前的三分之一。”孙武说，功耗更减少到原来的三分之二。“这意味着雷达可以在太空工作得更久，从而将在探月和火星探测上发挥更大作用”。

蒋清富说，不要小看“瘦身”的6公斤，“对于载人航天来说，可谓寸斤寸金”，它可能意味着天宫二号多搭载了一个产品，多开展了一项空间实验。

孙武（右三）和蒋清富（左二）带领团队为交会对接做准备

新一代微波雷达的性能有多强？孙武用一系列比喻让数据变得更直观：“在测量范围上，它上至北京五环一整圈，下至一张桌子的长度；在测距精确程度上，可以达 到一把20公分的尺长；在测角精度上，达到相当于人眼测试视力时相邻两行之间的角度；在速度测量的误差上，基本小于一只蚂蚁的爬行速度。”

25所副所长黄宜虎透露，除了神舟十一号飞船发射入轨后的加电、开机自校准、目标捕获并稳定跟踪、精确测量之外，为了确保空间交变温度环境下的测量精度，指控中心将控制微波雷达再进行一次在轨校准和捕获，此后一直稳定跟踪目标，直到交会对接任务圆满结束。

“在航天员进驻天宫二号，组合体在轨飞行的30天里，微波雷达团队还将持续不断提供保障。”黄宜虎说。

创新“基因”催生载人航天的“中国精度”

微波雷达副主任设计师贺中琴很长一段时间都是团队中唯一的女性。她介绍微波雷达时，就像一个温柔呵护它的姐姐：“它目前工作得很好，很稳定，各项遥测参数正常。”

“交会对接微波雷达是载人航天非常核心的关键技术。”孙武说，要打破航天强国的技术封锁，中国人只有自主创新一条路。

微波雷达团队在讨论细化挂飞试验方案

2002年，孙武大胆提出了一种全新的研制交会对接雷达的技术。当时，该项技术在世界范围内都没有被广泛应用。面对质疑，孙武带领研究团队在“一片空白”中开始了技术攻坚。

2007年，微波雷达原理样机诞生。2008年5月，交会对接微波雷达被载人航天工程正式采用。2010年11月，微波雷达正样产品交付。2011年11月3日，微波雷达首次亮相天宫一号与神舟八号的交会对接，并圆满完成任务。

从方案提出，到第一次完成“太空之吻”，孙武和他的团队仅用了9年时间，令中国空间交会对接雷达技术跻身世界一流，并拥有100%自主知识产权。

在高水平的“中国精度”背后，是令国际航天界羡慕不已的年轻团队。据介绍，交会对接微波雷达团队有21人，“80后”占到85%以上，平均年龄仅为31岁。目前，“90”后也陆续加入。

贺中琴说，在投产及交付阶段，研制团队会对新技术、新材料、新工艺等9个项目开展分析、复查。“可以说，创新已经成为中国航天人代代相传的基因”。

“要成长，你必须要独创才行。”孙武说，“设计一次到位，研制工作严慎细实，这是我们成功的法宝。”

（文中图片均由中国航天科工集团二院25所供图）

责任编辑：刘德宾 SN222

文章关键词：
天宫 雷达

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