Interpret the long fifth: China's largest rocket, where is it? -IT information
Article from popular science in China, public
On October 28, China is now carrying capacity-largest launch vehicle rocket-the long fifth, through the vertical transport assembly plant trans-shipment to the launch Tower. Long fifth rocket, also known as the rocket, and would launch the long fifth, also because of its unique shape and performance, was dubbed the "fat five". Then, as China's most powerful rocket, the "fat five" where is it?
First, large size
First, the most noticeable, is the "fat five" big man--the long fifth, 56.97 meters in length, the equivalent of 20-story-high; the first with 5 meter diameter arrow structure, booster diameter of 3.35 meters takeoff weight of 867 tons; you can say "so strong"!
October 28, transitions, the "fat five" by tailored for their "special train"-the activities of the launch platform, in order to successfully carry the "fat five", and sufficient for its gas supply, car foot half a football field. Look at Figure 1, sitting in the car on the "fat five" How confident the fat, what a handsome! Figure 2 the "fat five" and other family members stood together, is it was found at a glance to be?
Figure 1 long fifth
Figure 2, some members of the long March rocket series
Second, the "strength"
The "fat five" not only has the impressive great shape, its "strength" is far beyond "long March" of other members of the family. Long fifth rocket takeoff, takeoff thrust of more than 1000 tons, near-Earth orbits carrying capacity of 25 tons, geosynchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity of 14 tons, than active rocket launch capability improved twice times.
The "fat five" big thrust comes from the "12 giant heart"--8 new development of 120 tonnes of liquid oxygen-kerosene engine and 4 hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine. This new power of 120 tonnes of liquid oxygen-kerosene engine does it have?
Experts give us a vivid figure of speech, 120 tons of Lox/kerosene engines generate high pressures up to 500 bar, equivalent to 5000 meters height of Shanghai's Huangpu River water is pumped to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau--what amazing power! No wonder the long fifth, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, a Chief Designer of the launch vehicle Li proudly: "do not underestimate the arrow body design, 3. The span of 35 meters to 5 meters, it is a qualitative leap forward, not a simple zoom. ”
Third, innovation
Long fifth rocket is not only bigger, more powerful, and more importantly, new technology. Compared with the rocket developed by China, which is a newly developed rocket, core technologies with completely independent intellectual property rights. 247 using arrow key new technologies, new technologies is almost 100%.
"Up to five" integrates the latest aerospace technology, arrow first adopts a 5-meter-diameter structure, used for the first time without poison and contamination of liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen-kerosene and liquid oxygen machine takes off reactionary programme, the newly developed control system with high reliability and so on. Long fifth launch vehicles using a new digital method of three dimensional design, the size and position of each screw is crystal clear.
It is worth mentioning that, although the long fifth to adopt new technologies, develop more complex than any previous models of the long March series of rockets, but its design and was 0.98 per cent reliability, and China's active rocket design and high reliability were 0.97--the "fat five" too fat to fly!
Four, difficult
Believe that friends are like people praising his "good thin", but the "fat five" development officers hear long fifth physically large and dubbed the "fat five", they are happy, why?
Because the "physical" means "difficult" the long fifth, fat body, meant that researchers capture the large diameter and small series of technical difficulties, the world development trend of large rockets.
In the course of long March launch vehicle design, fifth, had greater difficulty than the newly developed engine. First, five use cryogenic fuel hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine before you start working, you want to "cold". When the ignition switch is pressed, the rocket will first lingxia252℃ of liquid hydrogen to the engine cooling until the operating conditions. However, after these to cool the engine expels the liquid hydrogen into the air, reaches a certain concentration is likely to explode. To eliminate the risk, the best way is to burn the hydrogen in advance. However, even small amounts, could also turn the rocket test-bed in flames.
Secondly, the engine of the swing. "Up to five" two hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine at the core level, not only produce of up to 140 tons of thrust, but also through swing swing together or individually, change the rocket's flight path, which is not easy.
Third, the engine shut down. Many small partners may have questions, engine start and swing control makes sense, engine shut down close not ready yet? Reality is harder than we thought--the rocket shut down has a extremely precise timing requirements, as this will directly affect the accuracy of orbit. To this end, the long fifth power system is designed to provide different shutdown modes, in accordance with the pre-set time timed shutdown, can also be taken according to the amount of remaining fuel propellant exhausted shutdown mode, make the rocket fly more accurate, more secure.
In addition, the development of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel, hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine development, booster separation test, fairing separation and so on there are numerous difficulties. According to statistics, over 10 years the long fifth, conquer the key core technologies developed up to 12 items, more than more than 200 small-the "fat five" after the huge body, contains numerous efforts of researchers!
Five, tasks
According to experts, the long fifth ten heavyweight has already received orders, primarily launched Chang fifth, core module of the space station and Mars exploration, large loads and deep space exploration mission landmark national major projects such as loading works.
The long fifth, is a milestone in China's launch vehicle upgrade and spacecraft into space carries the ability to significantly improve an important symbol. Let us see the "fat five" debut!
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解读长征五号：中国最大火箭，大在哪里？ - IT资讯
文章来源科普中国微信公众号
10月28日上午，中国目前运载能力最大的火箭——长征五号运载火箭通过垂直转运从总装厂房转运至发射塔架。长征五号系列运载火箭，又称大火箭，而即将发射的长征五号，更是由于其独特的体型和性能，被大家戏称为“胖五”。那么，作为中国目前最大的火箭，“胖五”究竟大在哪里呢？
一、体型大
首先，最引人注目的，莫过于“胖五”的大块头了——长征五号，全长56.97米，相当于20层楼那么高；首次采用5米直径的箭体结构，助推器直径达3.35米；起飞质量为867吨；可以毫不夸张地说“so strong”！
10月28日的转场，“胖五”乘坐为其量身打造的“专车”——活动发射平台，为了成功载着“胖五”行走，并足以为其供气供电，专车足有半个足球场大。看图1，坐在专车上的“胖五”胖得多么自信，多么帅气！图2“胖五”和其他家族成员站在一起，是不是一眼就被发现了呢？
图1长征五号
图2长征系列运载火箭部分成员
二、“力气”大
“胖五”不仅拥有引人注目的巨大外形，它的“力气”也是远超“长征”家族的其他成员。长征五号全箭起飞时，起飞推力超过一千吨，近地轨道运载能力25吨，地球同步转移轨道运载能力14吨，比现役火箭的运载能力提升了2倍以上。
“胖五”的大推力源于它的“12颗大心脏”——8台全新研制的120吨液氧煤油发动机和4台氢氧发动机。那么这种新型的120吨液氧煤油发动机的威力到底有多大呢？
相关专家给我们打了个形象的比方，120吨液氧煤油发动机产生的最高压强达500个大气压，相当于把上海黄浦江的水抽到5000米高度的青藏高原——多么惊人的力量！难怪中国航天科技集团公司一院长征五号运载火箭总设计师李东骄傲地介绍：“不要小看这个箭体结构，从3。35米到5米的跨度，这是一个质的飞跃，不是一个简单的放大。”
三、创新大
长征五号运载火箭不仅块头大，力量强，更重要的是，技术新。与中国之前研制的火箭相比，它是一枚全新研制的火箭，核心技术具有完全自主知识产权。全箭采用了247项核心关键新技术，新技术比例几乎达到100%。
“长五”集成了多项最新的航天技术，首次采用5米大直径箭体结构，首次使用无毒无污染的液氢液氧与液氧煤油反动机组合起飞方案，全新研制高可靠性的控制系统等等。长征五号运载火箭还采用了全新的全数字化三维设计方法，每一个螺钉的大小和位置都清清楚楚。
值得一提的是，长征五号虽然采用全新技术，研制复杂程度超过以往任何一个型号的长征系列火箭，但它的设计可靠性却高达0.98，而中国现役火箭设计可靠性最高的是0.97——“胖五“胖得靠谱！
四、难度大
相信小伙伴们，都喜欢别人夸自己“好瘦呀”，但是，“胖五”的研制人员在听到大家因长征五号体格庞大而戏称为“胖五”时，却是幸福的，为什么呢？
因为，“大体格”意味着“大难度”，长征五号壮硕的身躯，意味着科研人员攻克了大直径，少级数的技术难关，这也是世界大型火箭的发展趋势。
在长征五号运载火箭的设计过程中，最大的难点莫过于发动机的全新研制了。首先，长五使用的低温燃料的氢氧发动机在开始工作之前，要进行“预冷”。按下点火开关后，火箭会先用零下252℃的液氢给发动机降温，直到具备运行条件。不过，这些为发动机降温的液氢排出后会飘散在空中，达到一定浓度就有可能发生爆炸。要消除危险，最好的办法就是提前把这些氢气烧掉。但是，即便是很少的量，也可能让火箭的试验台转眼间变成一片火海。
其次，发动机的摆动。“长五”芯一级的两台氢氧发动机，不仅能产生最高140吨的推力，而且能通过发动机一起摆动或各自摆动，改变火箭的飞行轨迹，这并不容易。
第三，发动机关机。有些小伙伴可能更有疑问，发动机启动和摆动难以控制还说得过去，发动机关机直接关闭不就好了吗？事实远比我们想象的困难——火箭关机对于时机有着极端精确的要求，因为这将直接影响入轨的精度。为此，长征五号动力系统设计提供不同的关机方式，可以按照预先设定的时间定时关机，也可以根据燃料的剩余量采取推进剂耗尽的关机模式，让火箭飞得更精准，更安全。
除此之外，氢氧燃料的研制、氢氧发动机的研制、助推器分离试验、整流罩分离试验等等也存在无数难点。据统计，10年来，长征五号研制全面突破的关键核心技术达12个大项、200多个小项——“胖五”庞大的身躯之后，蕴含着无数科研人员的心血呀！
五、任务大
据相关专家介绍，长征五号目前已经接到十个重量级订单，主要是发射嫦娥五号、空间站核心舱以及火星探测等大型载荷和深空探测任务载荷等具有里程碑意义的国家重大专项工程。
长征五号，是中国运载火箭升级换代的里程碑，也是航天器进入空间运载能力显著提升的重要标志。让我们拭目以待“胖五”的处女秀吧！
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