"The force" to control all? All you need is a "brain-machine interface"! -IT information
In early August United Kingdom, the daily mail reported a Kruger: experts warn that hackers can monitor your brain waves, steal your personal information . Sounds like a fantasy, but the United States at the University of Washington experts do believe: hackers to insert malicious software the pictures, and then using a brain-computer interface (Brain-Computer Interface,BCI) recorded pictures of a knee-jerk reaction.
In fact, brain-computer interfaces "stealing ideas" is a little exaggeration; but in recent years the rapid development of the " mind-reading machine ", no doubt have been able to grasp some simple ideas of the human brain, could even replace the brain commands.
Mind control machine? Not new
2014 Brazil FIFA World Cup opening ceremony, the young General Assembly kicked off of a paralyzed from the waist down . His brain waves, control of the exoskeleton of the machine, this is a BCI technology. The teenager in 2008 after suffering bone marrow damage, always supported by artificial limbs, he can walk with the help of BCI devices.
In April, the United States University of Florida held a mental control unmanned aerial vehicle competition. 16-bit players with his mind starts and manipulate small rotor UAV, keeps them airborne, and have flown a distance of the basketball court and pool line. Recognition of EEG equipment for their use, and was used for experiments of the physically handicapped.
On October 8, Switzerland Zurich will be hosting high-tech prostheses games, also called "half man and half machine" contest. One project is the brain-machine interface match. It was reported that 15 players will wear the device, 4 minutes on the field, live on the big screen showing runners in their brains. Contestants will use his ideas to guide on the screen "avatar" accelerated to the finish line and crossed the barrier. If the contestant gives the wrong brain waves, avatar will slow down or hitting obstacles. Almost all the participants wearing EEG recognition device, infrared devices can read thoughts.
Scientists say distributing signal is weak, the brain is not clear, so when participants may hear cheers when tension in competition, is hard to keep focused. Scientists are studying how to make participants more easily with his mind control. The future will also make it easier for the disabled to use mind control wheelchairs or robots.
United States China Defense Advanced research projects Agency (DARPA) invested heavily in the BCI technology research and development. Their direction was recovering , help wounded soldiers recover limb . DARPA's " hand proprioceptive and tactile interfaces " project, aimed at creating a sensory feedback, such as natural as flexible prosthetic arm, allowing users to have some practical experience, makes artificial limbs really become part of the human body.
American troops with BCI training " hyper-cerebral Warrior ." A DARPA project, with enhanced image search capabilities of the machine . Machine will need to search for a larger cut into n small, quickly switch in front of people. Target information appears, the observer's brain will signal within 300 milliseconds, being captured by machines, while the observer not know.
Machine can also help soldiers detect lurking enemies. DARPA uses a high-resolution camera , and the EEG recognition and Visual processing equipment , to increase the recognition of the threat to surrounding elements to the 91%, also greatly expanded the soldier's field of vision.
DARPA's other leading research is the use of implants, repairing damage, areas of the brain. Surface electrodes implanted in the brain, or fibre, you can read the signals of neurons and sends pulses to stimulate "lost" areas of the brain. It was reported that the Iraq and Afghanistan wars us has 360,000 in damage in the brain, severe memory loss, or unconscious, or unable to socialize. DARPA tried to use new types of implants to replace damaged brain gray matter of the brain cortex.
The machine takes over the brain? This can be
As implants become more and more complex neural cortex 100% machines is not impossible. Experiments have proved that human memory and computer have the same principle of using computer simulation of memory of the brain, it is theoretically possible. Switzerland scientists hengli·makelamu ready to be completed before 2018 "artificial brains". In the EU and heavily support from IBM, and his team analyzed billions of connections between brain cells, and then enter them into the computer. Markram believes that with the speed of the computer, silicon and metal to simulate human mental activity, including memories and feelings.
Artificial brain simulates the human brain, requires precise recording every detail of the brain activity. Technology has not developed to this point. Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences in brain and cognitive science research center researcher Bo said, on the one hand, current overall observations on the brain in vivo, sophistication at the millimeter level; but by microelectrode studies of individual neurons, not docking with macro-level theory. Scientists monitoring the brain had reached the "worlds apart" resolution, but you can't grasp.
However,analysis of DARPA has been trying to decode neuron signals, thus stimulating neurons after brain injury, recovery of individual memory. This long term implant micro wireless neural devices could help soldiers head injuries and memory loss. DARPA also attempts to visualize and quantify the activity of neural networks in the brain, and once succeeded in quickly observed neural network activity, you can grasp the brain like never before. Through this technology, can explore the nerve signals between the brain and the interaction helps create "machine head".
“原力”控制所有？你只需一个“脑机接口”！ - IT资讯
8月初英国《每日邮报》一则报道引起轩然大波：专家警告说，黑客能监听你的脑电波，窃取你的个人信息。听着像天方夜谭，但美国华盛顿大学的专家确实相信：黑客可将图片插入恶意软件中，再使用脑机接口（Brain-Computer Interface，BCI）记录看图片者的下意识反应。
其实，说脑机接口能“盗取想法”是夸张了点；但最近几年飞速发展的“读心机器”，毫无疑问已经可以把握人脑一些简单的念头，甚至能代替大脑发号施令。
意念控制机器？不是新鲜事
2014年巴西世界杯开幕式上，一名腰部以下瘫痪的少年为大会开球。他通过脑电波，控制了机器外骨骼，这就是一种BCI技术。这位少年在2008年遭受骨髓损伤后，一直要靠假肢支撑，在BCI设备的帮助下他能独自行走了。
今年4月，美国佛罗里达大学举办了一场意念控制无人机的大赛。16位选手们用意念启动和操纵小型的旋翼无人机，使它们升空、并且飞行过一个篮球场的距离和撞线。他们用的脑电识别设备，本来是用于身体残障者的实验。
而在今年10月8日，瑞士的苏黎世将举办高科技假肢运动会，也叫“半机器半人”大赛。其中一个项目就是脑机接口比赛。据报道，15名运动员将穿戴设备，在赛场上坐4分钟，现场大屏幕上呈现出他们大脑里的赛跑者。参赛者将用意念引导屏幕上的“阿凡达”加速冲向终点，并翻越障碍。如果参赛者发出了错误的脑电波，阿凡达会变慢，或撞到障碍上。几乎所有参赛者都会佩戴脑电图识别设备，但红外光设备也可以读取想法。
科学家说，大脑散发的信号微弱、不明确，所以当参赛者听到欢呼，身处竞争的紧张中时，保持专注很辛苦。科学家正在研究怎样让参赛者更轻松地用意念控制外物。未来，残障人士也会更轻松地用意念操控轮椅或机器人。
美国中国国防部高级研究计划局（DARPA）在BCI技术上投入巨资研发。他们的一大方向是恢复神经，帮助肢体受伤的战士恢复。DARPA的“手部本体感受和触感界面”项目，旨在制造有感觉反馈的、如天然手臂一样灵活的假肢，让用户有切实的感受，使假肢真正成为人身体的一部分。
美军还要用BCI培养“超脑战士”。DARPA的一个项目，用机器增强人的图像搜索能力。机器将需要搜索的大图切割成N张小图，在人眼前快速切换。目标信息一出现，观察者的大脑将在300毫秒内发出信号，被机器捕获，而此时观察者自己还没察觉。
机器还可能帮助士兵探测到潜伏的敌人。DARPA用一套高像素摄像机、加上脑电识别器和视觉处理设备，将对周围威胁元素的识别率提高到了91%，还大大扩展了战士的视域。
DARPA的另一类超前研究，是用植入体修补损伤的大脑区域。植入大脑表面的电极或光纤，可以读取神经元的电信号，并发送光脉冲，刺激“失联”的大脑区域。据报道，伊拉克和阿富汗战争中损伤大脑的的美军有36万，重者失去记忆，或神志不清，或无法社交。DARPA企图用新型的大脑植入物来替代受损的大脑灰质皮层。
机器接管大脑？这个可以有
随着植入物越发复杂，神经皮层100%被机器替代也不是不可能。实验已经证明：人的记忆与电脑计算有相同原理，用计算机模拟出有记忆的大脑，理论上是可能的。瑞士科学家亨利·马克拉姆就准备在2018年前完成“人造脑”。在欧盟和IBM的巨资支持下，他的团队分析脑细胞间的数十亿个连接，然后将这些连接输入电脑。马克拉姆认为，随着电脑速度的提高，能在硅和金属上模拟出人类所有的精神活动，包括记忆和感情。
人造大脑完全模拟真人大脑，需要精确记录脑活动的每一个细节。技术暂时还没有发展到这一步。中科院生物物理所脑与认知科学研究中心的研究员王波介绍说，一方面，目前对大脑活体的整体观察，精细程度在毫米级别；但用微电极研究单个神经元的成果，还不能跟宏观层面的理论对接。因此科学家对大脑的监测尽管已达到“纤毫毕现”的分辨率，却不能整体把握。
不过，DARPA已经在尝试分析解码神经元信号，这样就能在脑损伤后刺激神经元、恢复个体的记忆力。这种可长期植入的微型无线神经装置有望帮助头部受伤而失忆的士兵。DARPA还尝试可视化和量化大脑中的神经网络活动，一旦成功地快速观测神经网络整体活动，就可以前所未有地把握大脑运行。通过该技术，可以探索神经信号和大脑之间的互动关系，从而有助于制造“全机器脑”。