British media: accelerated aging, China overwhelmed financial

Information: the lives of older people. Xinhua News Agency

Reference News November 20 British media say China's tight financial pressures are rising in response to the huge debt burden of local governments at the same time, old before it gets rich, and is accelerating the arrival of an aging society, keep pool account when the widening gap, China more financial woes, highlighted the urgency of China's present social security system reform.

Reuters reported on November 15, 15th in Beijing China and Japan financial think-tank seminar, experts generally believe that China's aging society is accelerating, and the lack of basic old-age insurance in China, are defects in the existing system. Part of social security tax and suggested that social and Manpower, the implementation of EC accounting separation, retirement and other means of dealing with an aging society.

"In recent years subsidies accounted for at all levels between the basic Endowment Insurance Fund in 16-19%, is 17.7%, such a high proportion of old-age insurance benefits payment need subsidies clearly unsustainable. "Jiye China University of law and Economics Research Institute said.

He pointed out that, in recent years, China's basic old-age insurance levy income and percentage of total wages, the ratio has been below 28%, 2008-2015 eight years with an average of only 22.3%, that is less than 80% of 28% legal data.

Reported that the national minimum age of only 15 of the basic old-age insurance, are also important factors in unsustainable. United Kingdom minimum period of contributions for 30 years, France beginning in 2018, retirees enjoy full retirement pension age from 41 years and three months increased to 41.5 years, Germany provided the insured wants to pick up the pension, must reach 35 years ' contributions.

August this year the Department published the development of China's social security annual report 2015 shows that by the end of 2015, companies retire a 6.5% increase in the number of insured, again higher than the business insurance 2.7% the number of workers increases, continued the trend of 2012 years and which led to the dependency ratio fell for a 4 years in 2015, at 2.88:1.

Professor of Tsinghua University's School of public administration, Yang Yansui also pointed out that China's aging society is accelerating. 2000 has entered the aging society (ageing population 7%). 2025 to enter the depth of the aging society (ageing population 14%) in 2035 and will enter the Super aging society (up to 20% per cent). She believes that in such a fast-ageing process, China's current policies are obviously inadequate, actual maintenance capacity, low participation of older population employment, poor asset structure of an ageing population, low consumption.

According to statistics, China in 2015 over the age of 60, "senior group" up to 220 million, the total population more than 16% expected in 2025 this figure will exceed 300 million.

Reports that China's basic old-age insurance system by pay co-ordinating funds and accumulated personal account form. In the collection, distribution, managing all aspects of the Fund is insufficient, there are higher rates, lower fee base period of contributions, and a low retirement age, led to the pension gap was widening. Pension gap is mainly from two aspects: one is the social pool account shortfall, hidden debt; the second is funding gap of individual accounts.

Lizhen, Renmin University Professor pointed out that workers ' basic old-age insurance system in China there are short, medium and long term the three gaps, including personal accounts accumulated gap (empty account size) since 2007, empty 18.55% scale with an average annual growth rate, by the end of 2014 at 3.59 trillion yuan.

According to the finance and the Zhejiang University research group predicted that by 2050 the accumulated shortfall will reach 219.77 trillion yuan, accounting for 31.21% per cent of GDP.

Reports that faced the reality of severe, experts urged that China should accelerate the reform of the current pension system, specific initiatives include postponing the retirement age, improving the workers ' basic old-age insurance, pay off the costs of transition and clarify the responsibility, Government became limited liability and actuarial balance of the system can be implemented. While Commission accounts separate, isolated residents basic old age and individual accounts, establishment of informal employment and adapted the national old-age insurance, low obligations and low security, solve the problem of unfair participation, fiscal policy to encourage universal voluntary pension savings accounts.

Chinese Ministry of Finance recently announced by 2015 China social security fund accounts showed that when China's Social Security Fund revenues by more than 4.6 trillion yuan, increased 14.6% per cent; spending rose 16.1% in the same period, but still achieving balance.

For old-age insurance personal accounts empty account problems, society spokesman last month, Li pointed out that more community discussion of the so-called real accounts, free accounts, which is actually relative to the financing pattern of endowment insurance, choose pay or partial accumulation, and full funding, the Fund balance was not the same. But for an individual account, the individual account charge amount is the full account. Next person Department research on combining top design of pension insurance, and further research to improve the personal accounts, guaranteed pension system fairer and more sustainable. Annual report on the development of China's social insurance 2015, according to the China pension personal accounts empty account size grows, inflation has exceeded 90%. Recently announced by the Treasury in October figures show that October before picking arrives gap shrunk to 1.1 trillion yuan, up to 1.46 trillion yuan in the first three quarter, as evidenced by financial constraints.

China's State Council issued on 14th emergency preparedness of local government debt risks, said stock of the secured obligation and the stock of debt relief should not belong to the Government's debt, stock or debt of local governments shall take appropriate civil liability only, but should not be more than the debtor cannot pay back part of the one-second.

(Editors: xiaowugang UN845)
2016-11-20 06:25:40
Integrated

英媒：加速老龄化，中国财政不堪重负

资料图：老年人的生活。 新华社发

　　参考消息网11月20日报道英媒称，中国财政吃紧的压力正节节攀升，在应对庞大的地方政府债务压力的同时，未富先老以及正在加速到来的老龄化社会，让统筹账户当期缺口不断扩大，更让中国财政雪上加霜，凸显了中国现行社保制度改革的迫切性。

　　据路透社11月15日报道，15日在北京召开的中国和日本财政智库研讨会上，参会专家们普遍认为，中国老龄化社会正加速到来，而中国基本养老保险缴费不足，均与现行制度缺陷有关。并建议将社会统筹部分改为社会保障税，实行统账分离，延迟退休等多种方式应对老龄社会的到来。

　　“近几年各级财政补贴占全部基本养老保险基金支出在16-19%之间，平均为17.7%，如此高比例的养老保险待遇发放需要财政补贴，充分说明了不可持续性。”中国政法大学法与经济学研究院胡继晔称。

　　他分析指出，从近几年的中国基本养老保险征缴收入和工资总额占比情况看，其比例一直都低于28%，2008-2015八年间平均仅为22.3%，亦即不足28%法定数据的80%。

　　报道称，而国家规定基本养老保险缴费的最低年限仅为15年，也是不可持续的重要因素。英国最低缴费年限为30年，法国从2018年起，退休者享受全额退休养老金的工龄从41年零三个月提高为41年半，德国规定被保险人想要领取养老金，必须达到缴费满35年。

　　今年8月人社部发布《中国社会保险发展年度报告2015》就显示，截至2015年底，企业参保离退休人数增幅为6.5%，再度高于企业参保职工人数2.7%的增幅，延续了2012年来的趋势，并由此导致抚养比连续4年下滑，于2015年达到2.88：1。

　　清华大学公共管理学院杨燕绥教授也指出，中国老龄化社会正在加快到来。2000年已进入老龄化社会（老龄人口比例达7%）。2025年进入深度老龄化社会（老龄人口比例14%），在2035年将进入超级老龄化社会（占比提高到20%）。她认为，在如此快速进入老龄化过程中，中国目前的政策准备显然不足，实际赡养能力不足，大龄人口就业参与偏低，老龄人口资产结构欠佳，消费情况偏低。

　　据统计，2015年中国60岁以上“银发一族”数量达到2.2亿，占总人口比重超过16%，预计2025年这一数字将突破3亿。

　　报道称，中国的基本养老保险制度由现收现付的统筹基金和长期积累的个人账户构成。由于在征缴，发放，基金管理各个环节都有不足，存在高费率，低费基，缴费年限低，以及低退休年龄等，导致养老金缺口在拉大。养老金缺口主要来自两方面：一是社会统筹账户资金缺口，即隐性债务；二是个人账户资金缺口。

　　中国人民大学李珍教授就指出，中国职工基本养老保险制度存在短、中、长期三个缺口，其中个人账户累计缺口（空账规模）2007年以来空账规模以年均18.55%的速度增长，到2014年末已达3.59万亿元。

　　根据财政部和浙江大学联合课题组的预测，到2050年累积收支缺口将达到219.77万亿元，占当年GDP的31.21%。

　　报道称，迫于现实的严峻，专家们一致呼吁中国应该加快现行养老制度改革，具体举措包括延迟退休年龄，完善职工基本养老保险，清偿转制成本，厘清各主体责任，政府成为有限责任人，制度可实行精算平衡。同时统账分离，分离居民基础养老与个人账户，建立与非正规就业相适应的国民养老保险，低义务低保障，解决参与权不公的问题，财政政策鼓励全民的自愿性养老储蓄账户。

　　中国财政部近日公布的2015年中国社会保险基金决算显示，中国社保基金当年实现收入逾4.6万亿元，环比增14.6%；同期支出增长16.1%，但当年仍实现结余。

　　对于养老保险个人账户的空账问题，人社部发言人李忠上月就指出，社会上议论比较多的所谓实账、空账，这其实是相对于养老保险的筹资模式来说的，即选择现收现付还是部分积累，还是完全积累，它所对应的基金结余是不一样的。但是对于个人来说，个人账户的记账额就是实账。下一步人社部将结合养老保险顶层设计的研究，进一步研究完善个人账户，保证养老保险制度更加公平、更可持续。《中国社会保险发展年度报告2015》显示，中国养老金个人账户空账规模不断增长，空账率已超九成。近日公布的财政部10月数据显示，前10月收不抵支差额缩至1.1万亿元，前三季度高达1.46万亿元，地方财力吃紧亦可见一斑。

　　中国国务院14日发布地方政府性债务风险应急处置预案，表示存量担保债务和存量救助债务不属于政府债务，地方政府对存量或有债务仅依法承担适当民事赔偿责任，但最多不应超过债务人不能清偿部分的二分之一。

(责任编辑：肖武岗 UN845)
2016-11-20 06:25:40
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