How it works Chinese fighter pilot: to be blindfolded and accurate operation

Yu Xu photos before his death.

Oriental Outlook weekly micro letter public on November 20, on November 12, 2016, the BA Yi aerobatic team in Yutian, Tangshan, Hebei, for flight training accidents, pilots Yu Xu parachute failed to heroic sacrifice.

Yu Xu is the first female fighter pilots to train in China, was the first to drive the f- -10 female pilots of aircraft take to the skies. Air Force spokesman Shen Jinke introduction, Yu Xu in the 60 anniversary of the founding of new China's national day parade celebrations in the capital flew over Tiananmen Square, driving the f- -10 aircraft in the 10th and 11th air show many air shows and air force aviation open activities. Her sacrifice caused public opinion to the pilot's attention.

In April 2015, I published the autobiographical documentary literature of the Chinese pilot, from the perspective of a witness for the first time, with a panoramic view, the system tells the story of the Chinese Air Force fighter pilots training development, combat and training process, so as to uncover the mysterious veil of the group.

At the book launch, a reporter asked: "this book is why the name of the Chinese pilot, pilots are cargo planes, bombers, helicopters, Jet pilot? ”

I answered:

"The world aviation community established, the pilot is specifically the air force fighter pilot! "The human yearning for flight, but only by fighter pilots, flying to realize the true meaning of freedom.

　　1. the operational complexity, danger than the astronauts

The training of fighter pilots in the world, has been in a State of mystical, and China is no exception.

This is so for several reasons: one is flying people would never experience the environment watch; the second is the workplace small, basically single operations, outsiders cannot experience; the third is training highly professional, highly complex, non-specialized training, outsiders cannot understand.

Community recognition, driven fighter performing combat tasks, its complexity, danger than astronauts on the operating procedures. Army has had a cultural sector leaders to air unit been employed for one year, came back and heard in their own writing and photographing a reflection of fighter unit flying movie, actors are gorgeous, face value is very high. The pilots had laughed: "this is not what we are models being cool, is putting up a show! ”

　　2.50%~70% students were eliminated

In the entire military, and the proportion of number of air force pilots is very small, only a few percent, but they are the subject of the air force's combat capability. As a future war hero, fighter pilot is a decisive force in war is the "sword of the State" and its responsibilities, mission difficult.

Therefore, selecting and training of this group, the "ebb tide, encompassing" to describe a little too much.

First, the selection of physical, political, psychological and cultural qualities are very demanding. Moreover, after layers of screening qualified Cadet may not necessarily be able to fly fighter planes, only to learn the best fighter flight.

Secondly, out of this group is extremely grim, "the grounding did not discuss." It is said that two science in the world can't leave fighter flight is one, another is the foreign language. Technology doesn't work, the world does not come on, one can't help you. So, once found no promise, will be grounded immediately.

Outline of our flight set for upper, middle and lower classes are divided according to air band number. Such as stunt flying, flew on at least 2 occasions, up to 4 times per flight for about 30 minutes, if not up to the standard solo, that is grounded, relentlessly, to ensure high quality of pilots.

Within two years, learning to fly at the Flight Academy, dozens of solo practice will be eliminated. In other words, fighter pilots face dozens of times there can be eliminated and no make-up opportunities test. Exams became the norm, which means that pilots must have strong mental qualities to pull this together, one after another through.

But even through this dozens of solo practice, there will eventually be a large number of not graduating from flight started, approximately 50%~70% students were eliminated. Israel air force even had a graduated Schedule 1 pilot's record, and a schedule of the students the total will be less than 100 people.

　　3. to be blindfolded and accurate operation

Fighter pilots flying high strength, high risk.

Most of the time, fighter flight is in the air 3~6 overload maneuver, which makes aircraft and pilots routinely in the ultimate state. Rapid changes in altitude, speed, attitude, so that the body under the constant control of negative overload, the agility of the mind and body will be greatly affected.

In this State, and to guarantee the normal movement of the aircraft, ensure collaboration with the machines in the cluster, wingman and accurate, guaranteed victory to complete the task, the spirit must always be in a State of high tension.

In addition, the fighter flight also need high quality ground preparation. Fighters flying single seat single, all operations and special situations are completed by the pilot alone, no crew members remind each other, encourage, support, nor according to check list check in flight operations. All flight-related data, programs, methods, pilots must be on the ground by preparing all memorized, reached in the case of blind, can accurately operate any switch in the cockpit, switches, buttons, and can pinpoint all the calibration of the instrument with iron wire, ensuring that when special circumstances arise, be capable of accurate disposal action. In the vast world, if there are any obstacles, or action a little mistake can lead to serious consequences, just at the moment of life and death.

Another feature is the long growth period of fighter pilots. Technology is endless, flight school, but mastered the Basic pilotage, namely, special effects, formation flying, instrument, the five fundamentals of navigation, pilots gap distance to assume combat missions far from it. After combat forces, pilots need at least two years, cut, four weather flying (day and night simple and complex meteorological) under the condition of new machine training, tactical training subject and conversion. Only the successful completion of these tasks, after passing the examination, in order to become a true pilot.

There is an ordinary person can not imagine that he (she) flight course, fundamental experienced the test of life and death, or seen friends, classmates at the expense, or experienced the danger could lead to the death of flight failures, encounter, such as inclement weather, weather catastrophe, flying illusion.

(The author is super before the air force fighter pilot, Yu Xu before the aviation Division Political Commissar)

(Editors: Dou Yuan UN833)
2016-11-20 11:03:23
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揭秘中国歼击机驾驶：要能蒙眼准确操作

　　余旭生前照片。

　　瞭望东方周刊微信公众号11月20日消息，2016年11月12日，八一飞行表演队在河北唐山玉田县进行飞行训练时发生事故，飞行员余旭跳伞失败，壮烈牺牲。

　　余旭是中国培养的首批歼击机女飞行员，是首位驾歼-10飞机飞上蓝天的女飞行员。空军新闻发言人申进科介绍，余旭曾在新中国成立60周年国庆首都阅兵庆典上飞越天安门，驾歼-10飞机在第10届、第11届中国航展和空军航空开放活动上多次进行飞行表演。她的牺牲，引发了舆论对飞行员的关注。

　　2015年4月，我的自传体纪实文学作品《中国飞行员》出版，首次从一个亲历者的角度，用全景的视角，系统讲述了中国空军歼击机飞行员培训成长、战备训练的全过程，从而揭开了这个群体神秘的面纱。

　　在新书发布会上，有记者问：“这本书为什么取名《中国飞行员》，飞行员还有运输机、轰炸机、直升机、民航客机飞行员啊？”

　　当时我回答：

　　“世界航空界约定俗成，飞行员就是特指空军歼击机飞行员！”人类向往飞行，但只有歼击机飞行员，才能实现真正意义上的自由飞翔。

　　1.操作复杂性、危险性超过宇航员

　　世界各国歼击机飞行员的培训，一直处于神秘的状态，中国也不例外。

　　之所以如此，有几个原因：一是空中飞行环境外人无法体会观看；二是工作场所狭小，基本上是单人操作，局外人无法体验；三是训练课程专业性极强，复杂程度极高，非经专业培训，局外人无法理解。

　　飞行界公认，驾驶歼击机执行作战任务，其操纵程序上的复杂性、危险性超过了宇航员。军队曾经有过某文化部门领导到航空兵部队带职一年，回来后以自己的见闻创作并拍摄了一部反映歼击机部队飞行题材的电影，演员都是俊男靓女，颜值很高。飞行员们看了哈哈一笑：“这不是我们，是模特耍酷，是在演戏！”

　　2.50%~70%的学员被淘汰

　　在整个军种中，空军飞行员人数所占比例很小，只有百分之几，但他们是空军战斗力的主体。而作为未来战争的主角，歼击机飞行员是战争胜负的决定性力量，是“国家之剑”，其责任重大，使命艰巨。

　　因此，这个群体的选拔培养，用“大浪淘沙，千锤百炼”来描述一点也不过分。

　　首先，选拔对身体素质、政治素质、心理素质、文化素质都要求极严。而且，经层层筛选后合格的飞行学员并不一定可以飞歼击机，只有其中最优秀者才能去学习歼击机飞行。

　　其次，这一群体的淘汰极其严酷，“停飞没商量”。有人说，世界上有两门学问作不了假，歼击机飞行就是其一，另一门是外语。技术不行，上了天下不来，谁也没法帮你。所以，一旦发现没培养前途，会被立即停飞。

　　我们的飞行提纲设置了上、中、下三个档次，是根据空中带飞次数划分的。比如特技飞行，一般带飞最少2次，最多4次，每次飞行约30分钟，若达不到放单飞标准，即作停飞处理，毫不手软，由此来保证飞行员的高素质。

　　在飞行学院学习飞行的两年时间内，几十个放单飞练习都会有人被淘汰。也就是说，歼击机飞行员要面临几十次被淘汰而且不可能有补考机会的考验。考试成了家常便饭，这就意味着，飞行员必须有极强的心理素质才能闯过这一道又一道难关。

　　但是，即便闯过这几十次放单飞练习，最终仍会有大批不能毕业的，从进航校开始算，大约50%~70%的学员被淘汰。以色列空军甚至有过一个班期只毕业1名飞行员的纪录，而一个班期的学员总数不会低于100人。

　　3.要能蒙眼准确操作

　　歼击机飞行员飞行强度大，危险系数高。

　　绝大多数时间，歼击机飞行是在空中做3~6个过载机动飞行，这使飞机和飞行员经常处于极限状态。飞行高度、速度、飞机姿态的急剧变化，使人体经常处于正负过载的控制之下，思维和身体的敏捷度均会受到极大影响。

　　这种状态下，要保证飞机的正常运动，保证与机群中长机、僚机的准确协同，保证战胜对手完成任务，精神必须始终处于一种高度紧张状态。

　　此外，歼击机飞行还需要高质量的地面飞行准备。歼击机单座单人飞行，所有的操作和特殊情况处理，都由飞行员一个人完成，没有多机组成员间的相互提醒、鼓励、支持，更没有在飞行时按检查单进行检查操作的可能。所有与飞行有关的数据、程序、要领，飞行员必须在地面通过准备全部熟记，达到在蒙住双眼的情况下，能准确操作座舱内任何一个开关、电门、按钮，能够用铁丝准确指出所有仪表的刻度，以保证在特殊情况出现时，能够熟练准确做出处置动作。在茫茫天地间，如果心理有丝毫障碍，或动作有些许差池，都可能导致严重后果，生死就在一瞬间。

　　歼击机飞行员的另一个特点是成长周期长。技术无止境，飞行学院毕业，只是掌握了基本驾驶术，即起落、特技、编队、仪表、航行五大基本科目，距离能担负作战任务的飞行员差距尚远。到作战部队后，飞行员还需要至少两年时间，飞百多个、四种气象（昼夜简单及复杂气象）条件下的战术科目训练和改装新机训练。只有顺利完成这些任务，经考核合格后，才能成为一名真正意义上的飞行员。

　　还有一个常人无法想象的，就是他（她）们的飞行历程中，基本都经历过生与死的考验，或是见证过战友、同学牺牲，或是经历过可能导致死亡的飞行故障、危险相遇、恶劣天气、气象突变、飞行错觉等。

　　（作者系空军前歼击机特级飞行员，余旭所在航空兵某师前政委）

(责任编辑：窦远行 UN833)
2016-11-20 11:03:23
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