Zombie companies in China: the total number of Super 2000, assets of more than 3 trillion | zombie | e | SAC _ news

　　Economic observer news Wang Yajie recently, economic observer was informed that the SASAC has a comprehensive central business needs special handling and treatment of "zombie companies" 2041 and poor enterprises, with combined assets of 3 trillion yuan.

Merger and reorganization of the just a resource Central, to the SASAC has reported 22 pending zombie companies. Associated with the merger and reorganization of enterprises in the central sectors of the economic observer said two of zombie companies before the merger and reorganization of enterprises, currently to discuss disposal measures.

In the Central persons, at present and in the next year dispose of zombie companies experiencing the greatest difficulties in three points: the bottleneck of debt restructuring, personnel and assets.

　　Fund bottleneck solution

3 trillion in assets involved, real disposal was not easy.

A mineral SOEs said in their enterprises, for example, in terms of capital, their organization is in transition, very little capital. This year, on the supply side reforms needed in the capacity of enterprise, needs to be cleaned of zombie companies, most operations extremely difficult, facing debt problems, personnel and assets disposal difficulties, such as multiple real-world challenges, enterprises, and the industry needs to be more specific policy support and especially financial support.

Another coal Central intention is, advance the reform of subsidiary function definition and classification, thus promoting enterprises loss off the hook, get rid of restricting the development of enterprises and institutional obstacles. Next step will seriously study the headquarters location and unit settings, programming, timing advance group headquarters, a branch of "downsizing", strict control of coal mines, power plants, plant number.

During the process of disposal of zombie companies, in addition to "people" issues, the other challenge is the issue of debt.

Former mineral central sources, internal consensus is reached before in dealing with zombies, their industry is in itself a strong cycle industry, but it is not a sunset industry, now dispose of zombie companies, stripping assets, debt restructuring, in order to better travel light, waiting for the next expected period. The next few years, taking into account the downward pressure on the Chinese economy increased industry capacity out of longer duration, such as a number of factors influence group is expected to be a more serious challenge, entering the most difficult time. The source also said that debt restructuring programmes relevant to their enterprise is perfect, but for now, need more specific policy support, hope the upper to provide more refer to the breakdown of the operational recommendations.

This mineral Central is one of the key points on the subsequent processing of bankrupt enterprises, the Central enterprises hope to have a zombie company to successfully enter the formal channel of bankruptcy. However, the advance is not easy. The Central insiders said, the group is affiliated with a local zombies, they don't want to go through judicial channels, stripped of all the difficulties.

Enterprise Yuan Dongming, Deputy Director of the Institute of development research center of the State Council, China believes that solving such issues need addressing. Recently, the suggestion around touching row statistics in the region shut down for more than 1 year and production enterprises with no hope of quantity, led by the main leadership, organization of local land, labor, courts, banks and other relevant institutions coordinate, focus on a number of production enterprises go bankrupt. Long term, should gradually improve land, debt, resettlement workers, bankruptcy and other aspects of the system, improving administrative capacity, improve market efficiency.

　　Production started

Was first included in the supply side reforms in the steel and coal industries, production capacity has been noticed. Economic observer from the Commission was informed that the Central enterprises had fixed 4.83 million tons of iron and steel overcapacity, completion rate reached 67.2%, shunt placement of 25,000 employees, completion rate reached 91%; resolve the excess capacity of 26.42 million tons of coal, completion rate reached 83%, shunt placement of 26,000 employees, completion rate reached 69.9%.

In fact, some SOEs are able to better accomplish to capacity and personnel to put goals, one reason is that early planning. Preceding subsidiary coal SOEs from 2013 onwards, began to increase efficiency by downsizing staff, and the coal inside the Central Statistics show, the Group's total employment has decreased from early 2013, more than 40,000 people to the present about 30,000 people, the cumulative drawdown all people.

To reduced the existing employment, these coal SOEs "clean up labor workers in managerial and technical positions". At present, in this work step by step, up to now, the coal SOEs already clean up management and labor workers in technical positions to achieve reductions of 314 people. Meanwhile, the SOEs is also at the performance level power. Such as probation standards more stringent, according to the company's own account, "no qualified personnel be dismissed, incompetent job transfer of personnel training or dismissal".

It was also learned that at present, and China's State-owned assets supervision are in accordance with acceptance capacity acceptance of completion of the work, in some areas also developed detailed rules for the implementation, combined with checking progress, check the work commenced at the national level.

In the view of China's national development and Reform Commission, after joint efforts, steel coal production capacity achieved positive results, enterprise efficiency improvement, improvement in industry development, optimization of the industrial structure, and an overall balance of supply and demand in the market.

Responsible editor: Zhang Xiaoya

Article keywords:
Zombie Enterprise State-owned assets supervision

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中国僵尸企业:总数超2000家，资产3万亿|僵尸|企业|国资委_新闻资讯

　　经济观察报 记者 王雅洁 日前，经济观察报获悉，国资委已经全面梳理出中央企业需要专项处置和治理的“僵尸企业”和特困企业2041户，涉及资产3万亿元。

　　刚刚进行了兼并重组的一家资源性央企，已经向国资委上报了22家待处理僵尸企业。与该企业进行了兼并重组的相关央企人士对经济观察报表示，对于两家企业兼并重组前就存在的僵尸企业，目前正在共同商议处置措施。

　　在上述央企人士看来，目前乃至明年处置僵尸企业遇到的最大困难有三点：债务重组、人员安置和资产瓶颈。

　　资金瓶颈欲解

　　涉及的3万亿资产，真正处置起来并不容易。

　　一家矿产央企人士表示，以自己所在企业为例，在资本金上，自己所在企业是转型而来，资本金非常少。今年以来，在供给侧改革中需要去产能的企业，需要清理的僵尸企业，大多数经营极度困难，面临债务问题、人员安置及资产处置困难等多重现实难题，企业乃至整个行业都需要更加具体的政策支持和更加到位的资金支持。

　　另外一家煤炭央企的打算是，推进子公司功能界定与分类改革，从而推进困难企业减亏脱困，破除制约企业发展的体制机制障碍。下一步将认真研究总部定位、部门设置，拟定方案，择机推进集团总部、子分公司“瘦身”，严格控制煤矿、电厂、车间等用工人数。

　　在处置僵尸企业过程中，除了“人”的问题，另一个挑战便是债务问题。

　　前述矿产央企人士透露，集团内部在处置僵尸企业前达成的共识是，自己所在的行业本身就是一个强周期行业，但绝不是夕阳产业，现在处置僵尸企业，剥离相关资产，进行债务重组，是为了更好地轻装上阵，等待下一个可期待周期的到来。未来几年，考虑到中国经济下行压力加大以及行业产能出清周期较长等一系列因素的影响，预计集团会受到更加严峻的挑战，进入最为艰难的时刻。该人士还表示，自己所在企业正在完善相关的债务重组方案，但是目前来看，还需要更加具体的政策支持，希望上层能给企业提供更多可参考的细项操作建议。

　　这家矿产性央企的着力点之一便是破产企业的后续处理上，这家央企希望能让僵尸企业顺利进入正规的破产渠道。不过，推进也不容易。该央企内部人士表示，集团下属的一家地方僵尸企业，便不愿意进入司法渠道，剥离起来困难重重。

　　中国国务院发展研究中心企业研究所副所长袁东明认为，解决此类企业的问题需要远近结合。近期，建议各地尽快摸排统计本地区内停产超过1年且复产无望的企业数量，由主要领导牵头，组织地方国土、劳动、法院、银行等相关机构协同配合，集中处理一批停产企业破产。远期，应逐步完善土地、债务、职工安置、企业破产等方面的制度，提升行政能力，提高市场效率。

　　去产能初见成效

　　被率先纳入供给侧改革中的钢铁和煤炭行业，去产能已初见成效。经济观察报从国资委获悉，中央企业已经化解钢铁过剩产能483万吨，完成率达到67.2%，分流安置职工2.5万人，完成率达到91%；化解煤炭过剩产能2642万吨，完成率达到83%，分流安置职工2.6万人，完成率达到69.9%。

　　其实，一些央企能够较好完成去产能及人员分流安置的目标，原因之一在于早有规划。前述煤炭央企下属子公司从2013年起，就开始为减员增效做铺垫，该煤炭央企内部统计显示，集团的用工总量已经由2013年初的4万多人减少到了目前的3万人左右，累计减员超万人。

　　为了核减现有用工，上述煤炭央企“彻底清理了管理和技术岗位劳务工”。目前，这项工作还在逐步推进中，截至目前，这家煤炭央企已经通过清理管理和技术岗位劳务工实现减员314人。同时，这家央企还在绩效考核层面发力。比如试用期考核的标准更加严苛，按照企业自己的说法，“不合格人员予以辞退，不胜任工作岗位人员进行转岗培训或辞退”。

　　另据了解，目前，各地和中国国务院国资委正在按照验收办法开展去产能完成情况的验收工作，有的地区还制定了相应的实施细则，结合各地验收工作进展，国家层面的抽查工作已经陆续展开。

　　在中国国家发展改革委员会看来，经过各方面的共同努力，钢铁煤炭去产能工作取得积极成效，企业效益明显好转，行业发展状况改善，产业结构逐步优化，市场供需总体平衡。

责任编辑：张小雅

文章关键词：
僵尸 企业 国资委

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