Successive stolen cultural relics protection units for 3 years, Pingyao, Shanxi province, at least 10 paintings stolen

Yuci district, jinzhong city, "San Andres East left Fu Cun Temple" paintings stolen looked like before, red circle paintings stolen from the main part of

Saint Ann Temple frescoes stolen

Frescoes stolen main section details

Recently, the network named "ATA legend" Tang Dahua conservation volunteers in their letter to the public, published articles saying, Pingyao, Shanxi province, there are two frescoes stolen cultural relics protection units, stolen frescoes are located at "he village, XI Liang Tian Miao" and "Dong Feng Luo Cun puzhaosi".

Tang Dahua told Beijing Youth daily reporter, according to his statistics, in the past 3 years, Shanxi provincial ancient architecture frescoes stolen in at least 10, including two city-level cultural relic protection units. Thieves often choose well-preserved murals of local "hands", leading mural "fragmented". Shanxi cultural relics workers have said that traces of stolen paintings, stealing great tact "professional".

　　Pingyao was continuously exposed mural theft

On November 21, the network named "ATA legend" heritage conservation volunteers micro-article letter public, said Tang Dahua, Pingyao, Shanxi, "he village, XI Liang Tian Miao" murals disappeared. Photo shows the Temple now can see the bare wall of mud on the wall, according to Tang Dahua photos taken previously, bare walls originally drawn more portrait fairy. 22nd, Tang Dahua again publish articles, in addition to long days outside the temple, Pingyao County, "Dong Feng Luo Cun puzhaosi" mural was discovered the theft.

Tang Dahua told North Green newspaper reporter, puzhao Temple has three courtyards, former school, and later abandoned. In 2014, he went to light the temple investigation found several murals in the main hall was stolen, but in a side Hall, there are 4 to poetry and painting large murals on the theme of. And this time, the murals in the Palace were "looted". According to the photo, several stolen paintings were severely damaged, as thieves open go to "exit" murals on the theme of characters in the middle part causes the entire mural was axed.

Public information, Pingyao Dragon Temple and puzhaosi are cultural relics protection units. Number of Shanxi cultural relics workers and fans green newspaper reporter referred to the North, the two paintings were stolen, but Shanxi ancient frescoes stolen from the tip of the iceberg.

　　There are 10 murals "by hands"

"In 2014, I visited the ancient buildings in Shanxi province, photographed by seeing the ancient murals in the past 3 years, I passed the photo comparison, confirmed at least 10 murals of ancient building in Shanxi province were stolen, but this is not all numbers, now it is hard to say. ”

These 10 ancient buildings, 6, jinzhong city, 2 in Changzhi, Jincheng city, and one each in Taiyuan, zhangzi County of Changzhi city "Tuan Cheng Cun Wang Shengdi Tang Miao" was built in the Yuan dynasty, "Chong WA three Zong Zhang Cun Miao" was built in the Jin dynasty, are city-level cultural relic protection units, which belongs to the highest frescoes stolen from the ancient Chinese.

Frescoes stolen from the Tang Dahua provided 10 compared to before and after, thieves are not the murals are stolen lots, preferring mural retained intact, or draws a very beautiful part of the Act.

Yuci district, jinzhong city, for example, were found stolen "left in the East village temple of San Andres" mural, due to historical reasons, the wall a portrait of Guan Yin is the upper part of lime to erase, and can only see below the goddess spirit beast and boy, boy is more preserved, boy part of uncovering away thieves.

Pingyao County, jinzhong city, such as "Dong da yan Cun, Guan Gong Temple" paintings, painting of Guan Yu's story. Mural located in the temple main hall and side aisles, condition is not good, and thieves selected parts of the frescoes preserved, cut into 20 to 30 cm square of picture box, a small piece of a small piece of land stolen.

　　Workers said the theft of cultural relics technique professional

Anonymity of the Shanxi cultural relics Department told North Green newspaper reporter, he had visited the former paintings stolen from the Temple of San Andres, anyone caught stealing was very professional, "heritage workers in order to protect the mural will save some frescoes removed take. This is a professionally, you need to first with a special adhesive applied to the frescoes above, wait until the glue solidified to the extent appropriate to carefully shovel with a shovel down. "He said, Saint Ann Temple frescoes stolen from the marks on the color depth of, is the effect of cementing, so judge the stolen paintings and relics workers uncovering take mural using the same means.

The heritage staff said, judging from the photo, it was discovered the theft of Pingyao two days two murals, should also be taken with same opening, "but no way to determine whether the same people to steal. ”

Tang Dahua told North Green newspaper reporter, frescoes stolen ancient buildings have one thing in common, is unguarded. "Some ancient buildings, especially old temples, often far from human habitation, and fell into disrepair, probably half a year, no one will come, which provides plenty of time for the crime of theft. ”

Foregoing heritage workers said, after discovering Saint Ann Temple frescoes stolen, staff could not confirm when is the theft of cultural relics, because Saint Ann Temple unguarded. According to him, usually have a heritage village hired villagers to serve as a part-time member of heritage preservation, but national and provincial-level cultural relic protection units, funds will be larger, relatively poor treatment of municipal and county-level cultural relics.

In this regard, Tang Dahua explained, for some ancient temples all over the village in Shanxi province, the caretaker's main responsibility is the key to keeping, usually villagers also have their own work and life, not full-time care.

, Jinzhong city, one heritage workers told North Green reported reporter, Shanxi is heritage big province, ancient building number many, only to the was found stolen mural up of Shanxi province, jinzhong city, for cases, city total paper insurance units 5538 at, which ancient building class heritage protection units total 3876 at, ancient built number and paper insurance power of gap very big, protection funds hard care to each at paper insurance units.

　　Mural theft suspects have buyers

　　Ancient architecture after the frescoes were stolen, where did you go?

Tang Dahua believes that mural is different from building elements, "Shanxi often selling ancient artifacts can be seen in the market, sellers will say this thing was demolished the rest of you are hard to verify. But the murals are not the same, this is not the average person household stuff, is the basic cultural relics protection units such as the temples will have, so theft tend not to bring murals to the market to sell. ”

Tang Dahua believes that paintings stolen from the one possibility is that someone took a fancy to the mural, or want a mural, murals for this person revealed the theft. As has long been looking for a buyer, murals will not enter the market.

Another possibility is the thieves through certain channels, to smuggle stolen artifacts abroad, eventually into the cultural relics market abroad, overseas collectors.

"No matter what kind of possibilities, to the ancient buildings, the loss is irreparable. "Tang Dahua said.

How to avoid theft of ancient murals were frequently, a number of relics workers interviewed on North Green newspaper reporter said, fundamental way for the Government to increase protection efforts.

Tang Dahua said currently recognized paintings stolen 10 ancient building, without exception, are not guards, he surveyed the ancient architecture of guarded over the past 3 years have not heard together paintings stolen from the case.

"Theft of frescoes is hard, takes a relatively long time to complete, so just watch, thieves will take into account the risk to quit. "Tang Dahua said.

In addition, Tang Dahua and friends as possible around the photos of the murals and cultural relics, once discovered, stolen artifacts in photos published on the network. He said, more people know the heritage way, forming a kind of invisible pressure will steal, make it difficult for this heritage into the market.

Text/reporter Qu Chang

(Editors: Biao Guo UN832)
2016-11-23 04:02:52
The Beijing Youth daily

山西省平遥县文物保护单位接连失窃 3年至少10处壁画被盗

晋中市榆次区“东左付村圣安寺”壁画被盗前的样子，红圈处为壁画被盗的主要部分

圣安寺壁画被盗后

壁画被盗主要部分细节

　　近日，网名为“爱塔传奇”的文物保护志愿者唐大华在其微信公众号发布文章称，山西省平遥县有两处文物保护单位的壁画被盗，被盗壁画分别位于“西良鹤村龙天庙”和“东凤落村普照寺”。

　　唐大华告诉北京青年报记者，根据他的统计，过去3年间，山西省至少有10处古建筑壁画被盗，其中包括两处市级文物保护单位。盗窃者往往选择保存完好的壁画局部“下手”，导致壁画“支离破碎”。有山西文物工作者表示，从失窃壁画留下的痕迹来看，盗窃者手法相当“专业”。

　　平遥连续被曝壁画失窃

　　11月21日，网名为“爱塔传奇”的文物保护志愿者唐大华在微信公众号发布文章称，山西平遥县“西良鹤村龙天庙”内壁画消失了。照片显示，现在古庙的墙壁上可以看到裸露着墙体泥土，而根据唐大华此前拍摄的照片，裸露的墙体上原本绘制着多幅仙人画像。22日，唐大华再次发布文章称，除了龙天庙外，平遥县“东凤落村普照寺”壁画也被发现失窃。

　　唐大华告诉北青报记者，普照寺有三进院落，曾经做过学校，后来被废弃。2014年，他曾到普照寺调查，当时发现正殿内的几幅壁画被盗，但是在一处配殿内，仍有4幅以琴棋书画为主题的大幅壁画。而这一次，配殿内的壁画也被“洗劫”。根据照片，几幅被盗的壁画受损严重，如盗窃者揭走了以“琴”为主题的壁画中间的人物部分，导致整幅壁画被拦腰截断。

　　公开资料显示，龙天庙和普照寺均属于平遥县文物保护单位。多位山西文物工作者和爱好者向北青报记者提及，这两起壁画被盗事件，只是山西古建筑壁画失窃的冰山一角。

　　已有10处壁画“遭毒手”

　　“2014年，我到山西走访古建筑，拍摄了所见到的古建筑内的壁画，过去3年中，我通过照片对比，确认山西省至少有10处古建筑的壁画被盗，但这是不是全部数字，目前还很难说。”

　　这10处古建筑中，晋中市有6处，长治市2处，太原市和晋城市各有一处，其中长治市长子县的“团城村唐王圣帝庙”建于元代，“崇瓦张村三嵕庙”建于金代，均为市级文物保护单位，属于壁画被盗的古建中文保等级最高的。

　　从唐大华提供的10处壁画被盗前后的对比图来看，盗窃者大多不是将壁画正幅盗走，而是选择壁画保留比较完好，或者绘制非常精美的部分行窃。

　　例如今年被发现失窃的晋中市榆次区“东左付村圣安寺”壁画，由于历史原因，墙壁上的一幅观音像上半部分被用白灰抹掉了，只能看到观音像下方的灵兽和童子，其中童子保存更为完好，盗窃者便将童子的部分揭走了。

　　再如晋中市平遥县“东大闫村关帝庙”的壁画，画的是关羽的故事。壁画位于关帝庙正殿和侧堂，保存状况不算好，盗窃者选择了壁画保存完好的部分，把画面切成20到30厘米见方的方块，一小块一小块地盗走。

　　文物工作者称盗窃手法专业

　　一位要求匿名的山西文物部门工作人员告诉北青报记者，他曾经到访过前述壁画被盗的圣安寺，发现盗窃者的手法非常专业，“文物工作者为了保护壁画，也会将某些壁画揭取保存。这是一种专业手法，需要先用特制的胶涂抹到壁画上面，等到胶凝固到合适的程度再用铲子细心地铲下来。”他表示，圣安寺壁画被盗的痕迹上有颜色发深的地方，是刷胶后的效果，所以判断盗画者与文物工作者揭取壁画使用的是同一种手段。

　　这位文物工作人员称，从照片上来看，这两天被发现失窃的平遥两处文保单位的壁画，也应该是用同一手法揭取的，“但是没有办法判断是不是同一伙人行窃。”

　　唐大华告诉北青报记者，壁画失窃的古建筑有一个共同点，就是无人看守。“有些古建筑，特别是古庙，往往远离人烟，再加上年久失修，可能半年没有一个人会过来，这样一来就为盗窃者提供了充足的作案时间。”

　　前述文物工作者也表示，发现圣安寺壁画失窃后，文物工作人员无法确认是什么时候被盗的，因为圣安寺无人看守。据他讲，一般有文物的村子里都会雇村民充当兼职的文物保护员，但是针对国家和省级的文物保护单位，资金的力度会大一些，市、县一级的文物待遇就比较差。

　　对此，唐大华解释，对于遍布山西乡村的一些古庙来说，其看守者的主要职责是保管钥匙，平时村民也有自己的工作和生活，无法进行专职看管。

　　晋中市一位文物工作者告诉北青报记者，山西是文物大省，古建筑数量众多，仅以此次被发现失窃壁画最多的山西省晋中市为例，全市共有文保单位5538处，其中古建筑类文物保护单位共有3876处，古建数量和文保力量的差距非常大，保护资金很难照顾到每一处文保单位。

　　壁画失窃事件疑先有买主

　　古建筑壁画被盗之后，去了哪里？

　　唐大华认为，壁画不同于建筑构件，“山西市场上往往能看到卖古建构件的，卖家会说这个东西是拆迁剩下的，你也难以核实。但是壁画不一样，这不是一般人家里的东西，基本都是寺庙之类的文物保护单位才会有，所以盗窃分子往往不会将壁画带到市场上来卖。”

　　唐大华认为，壁画被盗的一种可能性是，有人看上了这幅壁画，或者想要收藏一幅壁画，盗窃者便为这个人将壁画揭走。由于早已找好买家，壁画不会进入市场。

　　另一种可能性则是盗窃者通过某种渠道，将盗走的文物偷运出国，最终进入国外的文物市场，被一些境外收藏家收藏。

　　“无论是哪种可能性，对于古建筑来说，损失都是不可修复的。”唐大华说。

　　针对如何避免古建筑壁画频遭失窃，多位受访的文物工作者均对北青报记者表示，根本方法是政府加大保护力度。

　　唐大华说，目前确认壁画失窃的10处古建筑，无一例外都是没人看管的，而他调查过的有人看守的古建筑，过去3年还没有听说一起壁画被盗的案例。

　　“盗取壁画是很难的，需要比较长的时间才能完成，因此只要有人看守，盗窃者就会考虑风险知难而退。”唐大华说。

　　此外，唐大华和朋友尽可能在各地拍摄壁画和文物的照片，一旦发现文物失窃，便将文物的照片发布到网络上。他表示，更多的人知道了文物的样子，就会对盗窃者形成一种无形的压力，令这件文物难以流入市场。

　　文/本报记者 屈畅

(责任编辑：郭彪 UN832)
2016-11-23 04:02:52
北京青年报