China's "merged" is officially listed as intangible cultural heritage of humanity-IT information
UNESCO's Intergovernmental Committee for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter "the Commission") the 11th regular session from November 28, 2016 December 2 at United Nations Conference Centre at the Economic Commission for Africa, held in Addis Ababa, the Ethiopian capital. On November 30 the Committee reviewed, formal approval, China declared "the 24 solar terms--the Chinese campaign by observing the Sun and the formation of knowledge and practice" included in the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity (the "representative list").
"Merged" is Chinese by observing the Sun campaign, the cognitive year season, climate and phenological variation in terms of the forms of knowledge and social practice. Ancient Chinese annual motion of the Sun was divided into 24 equal pieces, each equal to a "throttle", collectively the "merged". Including: spring, rain, insects, spring equinox, tomb sweeping day, rain and the summer begins, and Xiaoman, and ear, summer solstice, and slight heat, and Quicken, and the beginning of autumn, heat, and Lu, autumnal Equinox, dew, Frost and the beginning of winter, and snow, snow, the winter solstice, and Osamu and the big chill. "Merged" guidance of traditional agricultural production and daily life, are important parts of traditional Chinese calendar system and its related activities. In the international meteorological community, this cognitive system is known as "the fifth great invention of China". In 2006, the "merged" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list of representative projects in 2011, nine Spring Festival in China, Ban Chun advised farmers, shiqian said expansion of the heritage project list in spring 2014, three offering winter and Frost festival of the Zhuang nationality and Miao nationality autumn and ANI branch are included in the project of extension of the heritage list.
"Merged" is formed in China's Yellow River basin, to watch the sky, temperature, timing of precipitation and phenology changes as the baseline, as the farming community throughout the production life of the Guide step by step for China, and more people sharing. As knowledge of the Chinese system, the personal project deeply influenced people's thinking and behavior guidelines, is an important carrier of Chinese cultural identity.
With China urbanization process speed up and modern agricultural technology of development, "merged" for farming of guide function gradually weakened, but in contemporary Chinese of life world in the still has many of culture meaning and social function, sharp to reflected has Chinese respect natural, and conform to nature and adapted sustainable development of concept, show out Chinese on universe and nature cognitive of unique sex and practice activities of rich sex, and natural harmony along of wisdom and creativity, is human culture diversity of vivid witness.
Chinese Government delegation attending the session said the "merged" successfully elected to the representative list, is the UNESCO heritage projects contribute to improve the overall protection of the intangible cultural heritage and the importance of cognitive recognition also reflects the international community for the protection of traditional knowledge and practice of non-material cultural heritage and culture with emphasis on social, economic and environmental sustainability. However, the "merged" the inheritance and protection is still a long way to go. We will to this for a new of beginning, according to has developed of protection plans, and related community, and groups and personal a active implementation series protection measures, seriously perform the obligations and responsibility, let more of national, and community, and groups and personal awareness, and understand "merged" this a knowledge system and practice activities, and created conditions ensure related community and groups in protection in the play important role, while attract more of young joined to heritage and protection of ranks in the to, inspired its enthusiasm and consciousness, makes " Merged "this important cultural heritage in contemporary social and cultural life, full of new energy.
For ensure "merged" of acquired force and generation inter heritage, in Ministry of culture non-material culture heritage Division of directly led Xia, by China non-material culture heritage protection Center as coordination units, China agricultural Museum as led units, collaborative related community, and groups Yu May 2014 established "merged protection working group", joint developed has merged five years protection plans (2017-2021), and common agreed has each other of responsibility and obligations. Henan province dengfeng cultural centers, and neixiang County ya Museum, Hunan province anren County culture Museum (non-left Protection Center), and huayuan County, non-left Protection Center, Zhejiang Province Hangzhou City Gongshu district non-left Protection Center, and Quzhou city Kecheng district nine China Xiang wonderful source village village Committee, and suichang County non-left Protection Center, and sanmen Pavilion next town yangjia village, village Committee, Guizhou province shiqian cultural centers, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, day County cultural centers, related community, will established and relies on merged pass base, Combined with rich local characteristics of ritual practice and folk life, related investigations, heritage and public awareness activities, makes this traditional knowledge systems of survival. China agricultural Museum and Chinese folklore as a representative of community groups has long been engaged in the "merged" literature, traditional knowledge and folklore practice of preservation and research work, will provide intellectual support for the protection of the heritage project, are responsible for collecting, collection, exhibition and research, advocacy, promoting work, assume the responsibility of professional bodies and professional societies.
"Background"
UNESCO's Intergovernmental Committee for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage is the Convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) statutory authority, elected by the Assembly of States parties to the Convention, the supreme organ of State power of the 24 States parties for a term of four years; members of the General Assembly every two years, half of the States parties for a general election. Hold one regular session of the Committee.
UNESCO believes that sustains both the intangible cultural heritage-related communities, groups and a sense of personal identity and continue, as well as an important resource for cultural diversity and human creativity. All non-legacy of heritage items are required to comply with the Convention on "intangible cultural heritage" is defined and included in the standard provided for in the operational guidelines of the Convention. Intangible cultural heritage mainly reflected in the following five areas: (1) oral traditions and expressions, including language as a medium of non-material cultural heritage; (2) performing arts; and (3) social practices, rituals, festive events, (4) knowledge and practices about nature and the universe and (5) of traditional arts and crafts. "Merged" declared heritage area for the fourth class as a whole.
中国“二十四节气”被正式列入人类非物质文化遗产名录 - IT资讯
联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会（下称“委员会”）第十一届常会于2016年11月28日至12月2日在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴联合国非洲经济委员会会议中心召开。11月30日下午委员会经过评审，正式通过决议，将中国申报的“二十四节气——中国人通过观察太阳周年运动而形成的时间知识体系及其实践”列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录（下称“代表作名录”）。
“二十四节气”是中国人通过观察太阳周年运动，认知一年中时令、气候、物候等方面变化规律所形成的知识体系和社会实践。中国古人将太阳周年运动轨迹划分为24等份，每一等份为一个“节气”，统称“二十四节气”。具体包括：立春、雨水、惊蛰、春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒。“二十四节气”指导着传统农业生产和日常生活，是中国传统历法体系及其相关实践活动的重要组成部分。在国际气象界，这一时间认知体系被誉为“中国的第五大发明”。2006年，“二十四节气”被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录；2011年，九华立春祭、班春劝农、石阡说春被列入该遗产项目的扩展名录；2014年，三门祭冬、壮族霜降节、苗族赶秋、安仁赶分社被列入该遗产项目的扩展名录。
“二十四节气”形成于中国黄河流域，以观察该区域的天象、气温、降水和物候的时序变化为基准，作为农耕社会的生产生活的时间指南逐步为中国各地所采用，并为多民族所共享。作为中国人特有的时间知识体系，该遗产项目深刻影响着人们的思维方式和行为准则，是中华民族文化认同的重要载体。
随着中国城市化进程加快和现代化农业技术的发展，“二十四节气”对于农事的指导功能逐渐减弱，但在当代中国人的生活世界中依然具有多方面的文化意义和社会功能，鲜明地体现了中国人尊重自然、顺应自然规律和适应可持续发展的理念，彰显出中国人对宇宙和自然界认知的独特性及其实践活动的丰富性，与自然和谐相处的智慧和创造力，也是人类文化多样性的生动见证。
出席本届常会的中国政府代表团表示，此次“二十四节气”成功入选代表作名录，既是教科文组织对该遗产项目有助于在整体上提高对保护非物质文化遗产及其重要性认知的一致认可，也体现出国际社会对保护传统知识与实践类非物质文化遗产，并将文化融入社会、经济和环境的可持续发展的重视。然而，“二十四节气”的传承和保护依然任重道远。我们将以此为一个新的起点，根据业已制定的保护计划，与相关社区、群体和个人一道积极实施系列保护措施，认真履行各项义务和责任，让更多的国家、社区、群体和个人认识、了解“二十四节气”这一知识体系及其实践活动，并创造条件确保相关社区和群体在保护中发挥重要作用，同时吸引更多的年轻人加入到传承与保护的行列中来，激发其积极性和自觉性，使“二十四节气”这一重要的文化遗产在当代社会文化生活中焕发出新的活力。
为确保“二十四节气”的存续力和代际传承，在文化部非物质文化遗产司的直接领导下，由中国非物质文化遗产保护中心作为协调单位，中国农业博物馆作为牵头单位，协同相关社区、群体于2014年5月成立“二十四节气保护工作组”，联合制定了《二十四节气五年保护计划（2017—2021）》，并共同约定了彼此的责任和义务。河南省登封市文化馆、内乡县衙博物馆，湖南省安仁县文化馆（非遗保护中心）、花垣县非遗保护中心，浙江省杭州市拱墅区非遗保护中心、衢州市柯城区九华乡妙源村村民委员会、遂昌县非遗保护中心、三门县亭旁镇杨家村村民委员会，贵州省石阡县文化馆，广西壮族自治区天等县文化馆等相关社区，将建立并依托二十四节气传习基地，结合富有地域特色的仪式实践和民俗生活，开展相关调查、传承和宣传活动，使这一传统知识体系得以存续。以中国农业博物馆和中国民俗学会为代表的社团群体长期从事“二十四节气”的相关文献、传统知识及民俗实践的保存和研究工作，将为该遗产项目的保护提供智力支持，分别负责征集、收藏、展示和研究、宣传、弘扬等工作，承担起专业机构和专业学会的责任。
【相关背景】
联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会是《保护非物质文化遗产公约》（下称《公约》）的法定机关，由《公约》最高权力机关缔约国大会选出的24个缔约国组成，任期四年；缔约国大会每两年对半数委员国进行一次换届选举。委员会每年举行一届常会。
联合国教科文组织认为，非物质文化遗产既维系着相关社区、群体和个人的认同感和持续感，也是确保世界文化多样性与人类创造力的重要资源。所有列入非遗名录的遗产项目都须符合《公约》关于“非物质文化遗产”的定义和《公约》操作指南规定的列入标准。非物质文化遗产主要体现为以下五大领域：（1）口头传统和表现形式，包括作为非物质文化遗产媒介的语言；（2）表演艺术；（3）社会实践、仪式、节庆活动；（4）有关自然界和宇宙的知识和实践；（5）传统手工艺。“二十四节气”的申报从整体上归为第四类遗产领域。