Every year in China "karoshi" era of 600,000 people out of work?
"There is a boss David, at six o'clock in the afternoon there, eyes like Black-backed, a hot pot of coffee in his hand, Hey, are we going to have a meeting ... ... Please, don't say that Word, baby OT feel empty, I was tired as a dog. ”
Some time ago, it's Divine Comedy of the empty feeling turned quickly brush through your circle of friends. Singing is one of many reasons the voices of workers--overworked, credit health.
Overtime normal, stressful work, and is now threatening the lives of many young people.
Recently, Suzhou, a 24-year old engineer, does not smoke or drink, no bad habits, but because of frequent and sudden death overtime. In these two days, Zhongshan, Xiamen University Hospital also came the two Prime news of doctor death.
Karoshi-the workplace unbearable weight
"Overwork" workplace, China seems to have become the norm. Excessive overtime and causes the leading cause of death from overwork. Statistics show that enormous pressure led to an annual "karoshi" number of up to 600,000 people, has overtaken Japan as "death from overwork" first nation.
"Death from overwork" the threat has shifted from manual workers to intellectual workers, and younger. But this is not what industry phenomenon, advertising, media, healthcare and financial industries have not been spared.
"Death from overwork" news, every once in a while meeting with the media.
In March 2015, Shenzhen aged 36 IT man Zhang bin, was found death in a hotel toilet, 1 o'clock in the morning, he made a last working message. It was reported that the project, he used to work at five or six in the morning and went to work. The day before his death, his mother said, "so tired".
In July 2015, a performing arts group employee surnamed Wang in Jiangsu Province, was found dead by colleagues in the dormitory, police after found to sudden cardiac death. Wang last performance before his death worked for more than 10 hours. The discretion of the Court to Wang deaths caused by the performing arts group 20% of the liability for losses.
June 29, 2016, the end of Deputy Editor Jinbo, a Beijing subway station on the tragic death of a cerebral hemorrhage. Colleagues say he work too hard over the years, long overtime, seemingly strong, physically broken down from constant overwork.
On June 30, 2016, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, orthopedic trauma physicians Elixir is found in a hospital dormitory, died at the age of 45. Colleagues say the Golden doctor two days before his death, worked from early morning until about 10 o'clock last night, due to poor health in the dormitory after a rest.
……
Karoshi-social interaction of individual and consolidated results
Medical interpretation and "karoshi" because of long working hours, labour increased, psychological pressure, have exhausted sub health state, apologized for acute deterioration of the body will suddenly raised potential victims than the sometimes life-threatening.
Directly contributed "death from overwork" followed by five diseases: coronary artery disease, aortic aneurysm, heart valve disease, cardiomyopathy and bleeding in the brain. In addition, digestive diseases, infectious diseases, kidney failure can lead to "burnout".
However, seem to be individual causes of death from overwork, into a common social phenomenon, is a combined result of the interaction of many factors. For example, economic and social transformation pressure increases, increased competition, the social security system is not perfect, and so on.
In fact, many employees often pay to keep the family, and is closely related to promotion and career development, often choose "overtime"; in case of "karoshi" tragedy, Chinese law does not attack associated with the work expressly provides, resulting in "karoshi" in a dilemma with no legal protection. This "overwork without accountability" exacerbated "overwork" with impunity.
Karoshi, who sins? Who should pay for death from overwork? How can we fight it?
CCTV comments: how to say goodbye to death from overwork "modern times"?
Attention karoshi sooner rather than later
This year's teacher's day, Political Commissar of the National Defense University Liu Asian to the podium, from school of a teacher who died young Xu Ruyan, and talked about the pressures and dilemmas of young and middle-aged cadres of the army. Asian tears several times, and appealed to the society: don't talk about love and other young and middle-aged cadres dead.
Highly competitive individual choice of background of the times, most people have been involved, are therefore of Charlie Chaplin's "modern times" interpretation of the last hundred years, but always like yesterday.
Loose rubber bands to compete hard in a short time. In one hour, it is difficult to "achieve the utmost abundance of material", will work as a pleasure. Can do at the moment, can only be to overloaded labour more institutional constraints, to rest and vacation rights guarantee for better, more flexible way for individuals. To pressure a break on Windows and give life a chance.
Legal system of protecting the rights of workers to achieve erections
China's 36th of the Labour Act stipulates that an eight-hour working day, "working time of 44 hours per week on average", 2008 on the adoption of the regulations on paid annual leave for employees, but for the last ten years, remains a dead letter in many units. "Leadership is the model workers, employees can't sue," "5+2" "white and black" is a typical, active rest and vacations tend to be treated as "lazy" explanation. From said evaluation system, although "performance assessment" have been more humane, but eventually the pain or comfort, depending on the performance of the standard itself. Standard is unreasonable, the so-called flexible working may be more led to stripping, resulting in involuntary "voluntary overtime". It can be said that real hard up the legal system to protect worker rights, workers without paralysis.
Many marketing units, such as foreign companies, IT companies, trade union organizations lack internal oversight can't form, and "flextime" market contract in black and white, the Labour Inspectorate has failed. In addition, the law on confirmation of death is also very vague. Karoshi is a work-related injury? Employers bear the responsibility? Once the punishment is unlikely, the lesson is never too big.
Everyone give your health a buffer
Individual choice is also important. There is no doubt that the vast majority of workers are not bosses "press" in sudden death on the table, they tend to be model workers, is a workaholic, hope beyond the self in their work. Seen on know a programmer: "1 year later, their fun comes from belittling other programmers, driving out other programmers-when the lowliest let someone leave, those people are the most fun, because it has proved stronger than their. ”
Is there no way to get easier? There are also. A Netherlands design company had an idea: to and from work, in case of without warning, desk together with the computer on the desk will launch only seat left on the ground. This "turning tables" of the design, not only guarantees the right to rest also urged employees to improve efficiency.
Perhaps, in this increasingly high levels of society, everyone should own a launch point table, a buffer of protection of health. After all, life and death, really can protect themselves is their own.
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Work, fatigue are everywhere. We will cause tensions to worrying, don't get worked up, groggy, and so on. But you never know, these "little things" between and the terrible death from overwork, only six steps away.
In this six-step, and fatigue add up, from the quantitative to qualitative changes, eventually evolved into a chronic disease, or even death. Therefore, our ability to eliminate fatigue in the "embryonic" stage.
(Editors: Biao Guo UN832)
2016-12-10 22:28:44
CCTV
中国每年“过劳死”60万人 如何走出过劳时代？
“有一个老板叫大卫，下午六点出现，眼神恰似黑背，手里端着一壶热腾腾的咖啡，嘿嘿嘿我们要不要来开个会……求你不要说出那句话，宝贝加班吧，感觉身体被掏空，我累得像只狗。”
前段时间，这首神曲《感觉身体被掏空》横空出世，迅速刷遍朋友圈。原因之一是歌词唱出了当前许多上班族的心声——过度劳累，透支健康。
加班常态化、工作压力大，如今正在威胁着许多年轻人的生命。
最近，苏州一个24岁的工程师，不抽烟不喝酒，无不良嗜好，却因为加班频繁而猝死。就在这两天，厦门大学附属中山医院也传来两位正值壮年的医生猝死的噩耗。
过劳死——职场不能承受之重
“过劳”似乎已成中国职场的常态。过度加班又是导致过劳死的首要原因。有资料显示，巨大的工作压力导致中国每年“过劳死”的人数达60万人，已超越日本成为“过劳死”第一大国。
“过劳死”的威胁对象已从体力劳动者转向脑力劳动者，且呈年轻化趋势。而这已不是哪个行业独有的现象，广告、媒体、医疗以及金融等行业都没有幸免。
“过劳死”的新闻，每隔一段时间就会见诸媒体。
2015年3月，深圳36岁的IT男张斌，被发现猝死在酒店马桶上，凌晨1点，他还发了最后一封工作邮件。据悉，为赶项目，他常常加班到早上五六点，又接着上班。去世前一天，他跟妈妈说"太累了"。
2015年7月，江苏省某演艺集团员工王某，被单位同事发现死在了宿舍，后公安机关认定为心源性猝死。王某去世前最后一次演出工作时间长达十余小时。法院酌定该演艺集团对王某死亡造成的损失承担20%的赔偿责任。
2016年6月29日，天涯社区副主编金波，在北京地铁站台上突发脑溢血不幸去世。同事们都说他这几年工作太拼，长期加班熬夜，表面看似强壮，实际已积劳成疾。
2016年6月30日，南方医科大学附属南方医院创伤骨科主任医师金丹被发现在医院宿舍逝世，年仅45岁。据同事称，金医生离世前两天，仍从清早一直工作到晚上10时许，后因身体不适在宿舍休息。
……
过劳死——社会与个体相互作用的综合结果
从医学上解释，“过劳死”是因为工作时间长，劳动强度加重，心理压力大，存在精疲力竭的亚健康状态，由于积重难返，将突然引发身体潜在的疾病急性恶化，救治不及时而危及生命。
直接促成“过劳死”的五种疾病依次为：冠状动脉疾病、主动脉瘤、心瓣膜病、心肌病和脑出血。除此以外，消化系统疾病、肾衰竭、感染性疾病也会导致“过劳死”。
然而，看似是个体原因导致的过劳死，当变为一种普遍的社会现象时，就是多种因素相互作用的一种综合结果。比如，经济社会转型的压力增大、竞争加剧、社会保障制度不健全等。
事实上，许多员工常常为了养家糊口的薪水，以及息息相关的升迁、职业发展，常常选择 “自愿加班” ；而一旦发生“过劳死”的悲剧，中国法律上也没有对疾病发作与工作之间关联性的明确规定，导致“过劳死”处于无法律保护的尴尬境地。这种“过劳无责”又加剧了“过劳用工”的肆无忌惮。
过劳死，究竟谁之罪？谁该为过劳死埋单？我们又该如何防治呢？
央视评论：如何告别过劳死的“摩登时代”?
关注过劳死 宜早不宜迟
今年教师节，国防大学刘亚洲政委走上讲台，从学校一名英年早逝的教员徐如燕的事情，谈到了军队中青年干部的压力和困境。刘亚洲几度落泪，并向全社会呼吁：别等中青年干部逝去再谈关爱。
高度竞争是超越个体选择的时代大背景，已经将大多数人卷入其中，也正因此，卓别林的“摩登时代”演绎了近百年，但总是昨日重现。
竞争的橡皮筋很难在短时间松下来。因为一时之间，我们很难“实现物质极大丰富”，将劳动当做一种快乐。眼下能做的，只能是给超负荷劳动更强的制度约束，给休息休假权利更好的制度保障，给个人更多的弹性解压方式。给压力一个喘息的窗口，也是给生命机会。
让保护劳动者权利的法律制度硬起来
中国的《劳动法》第三十六条规定了八小时工作制，“平均每周工作时间不超过四十四小时”，《职工带薪年休假条例》2008年就通过了，但近十年过去，在很多单位仍是一纸空文。“领导是劳模，员工哪能休”，“5+2”“白加黑”的是典型，主动休息休假往往被当做“偷懒”作解释。而从考核制度上说，尽管“绩效考核”已经越来越人性化，但最终痛苦或舒适，依然取决于绩效标准本身。标准不合理，所谓的弹性工作制可能更加催生变相剥削，导致非自愿的“自愿加班”。可以说，保护劳动者权利的法律制度真正硬起来，劳动者才不会无缘无故瘫下去。
今天不少市场化单位，比如外企、IT公司，工会组织阙如，内部监督没法形成；而“弹性工作制”这样白纸黑字的市场化契约，让劳动监察部门也束手无策。此外，法律对过劳死的认定也很模糊。过劳死是否是工伤？用人单位承担多少责任？一旦惩戒力度不大，教训永远不会太大。
每个人给自己的健康一个缓冲区
个人选择也很重要。毫无疑问，绝大多数劳动者并非老板“摁”在桌板上猝死的，他们往往是劳模，是拼命三郎，希望在工作中超越自我。看到过知乎上一个程序员的描述：“1年以后，他们的乐趣大多来自于贬低其他程序员，赶走其他程序员——当末位淘汰制让某人离开时，那些人是最开心的，因为事实证明了他们比那些人更强。”
难道就没有办法让个人轻松一些？也有。一家荷兰设计公司想了个办法：到下班时，在毫无征兆的情况下，办公桌连同桌子上的电脑都会升空，只有座椅还留在地面上。这种“掀桌子”的设计，不仅保障了休息权利也敦促员工能够提高效率。
或许，在这个越来越高强度的社会，每个人心中都应该自备这样一套到点升空的桌板，给健康一个有保障的缓冲区。毕竟，死生大矣，真正能保全自己的只能是自己。
新闻多看点
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工作中，疲劳无处不在。我们会对忧愁烦恼造成的紧张，提不起劲儿，昏昏沉沉等。但你绝对想不到，这些“小事”和可怕的过劳死之间，只有六步距离。
这六步中，疲劳积少成多，由量变到质变，最终演变成慢性病，甚至猝死。因此，我们要及时将疲劳消灭在“萌芽”阶段。
(责任编辑：郭彪 UN832)
2016-12-10 22:28:44
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