Joining "WTO" in 15, is becoming more and more high, how much did China make?

Daily news reporter Menz

Just 15 years ago today, China has become the World Trade Organization (WTO) the 143th member. After 15 years, Central of China on the world economic stage, and has made outstanding contributions to world economic development.

Seen from the GDP contribution, in 2001, China's real GDP contribution rate to the global 0.53% 2015, this number is 24.8% and the pull of global real GDP growth in China has also increased from 0.03 to 0.6%.

　15 China WTO entry status of "growing"

Accession to the WTO for 15 years, China's economy has achieved great success--China has become the world's second largest economy, the world's largest trading nation, the world's first large to attract foreign investment, the world's second-largest foreign investor in the country.

Accession to the WTO on China's foreign trade development and played an important role in driving economic growth. At present, China has three consecutive years ranked first in the world trade of goods to become the world's largest trading partners in more than 120 countries and regions.

Official figures show in 2001, China's total import and export US $510 billion in 2015, the figure was $3.96 trillion, about 8 times before the WTO. In 2015, with exports amounting to us $2,276,570,000,000 in 2001, representing a growth of approximately 7.6 times times the imports amounted to us $1,682,070,000,000, an increase of nearly 6 times.

The next 5 years, China's total import and export volume will reach $8 trillion, total foreign investment will reach US $600 billion, foreign investment totaling US $750 billion, outbound tourists will reach 700 million passengers and bring more development opportunities to the world.

In addition, China's attractiveness to foreign capital also increased. Despite the current downturn in the global cross-border investments, but 10 months before 2016, European and American investment in China compared with growth of 79.8% and 41.5%, respectively.

Asian Development Bank Senior Economist Xu Nini think, compared with growth of China greater achievements in foreign trade lies in the depth of integration into global value chains, "it is very important for the next 15 years. ”

As for those fears were washed away by international peer industry enterprises, WTO 15, they instead lose in the competition, but stand out.

"China has become the come from behind the international powers, Chinese-made cars are starting to emerge", China's Commerce Ministry Deputy Director Bai told the Institute of international business daily journalist, "the first stage of China's accession is a share dividend, the second stage is a bonus interactive, China started to pay more dividends in the world. ”

University President of the China WTO Research Institute Tu Xinquan believes that accession to the WTO has stimulated Chinese companies and macroeconomic activity, "the great achievements China has made in just 15 years far exceeded expectations. "At the back of this amazing size and speed of development of trade, it is the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. China's Ministry of Commerce figures show that from 2001 to 2014, the share of China's exports of primary products dropped from 10% to 5%, and manufactured goods in the machinery and transportation equipment exports rose from 36% to 46% and export value rise.

One carried electronic products trade more than 10 years of "old foreign trade" told reporter, "more than 10 years Qian I do shipping logistics, first years is put foreign freight came in, put we of resources output to; then a stage is put we of cheap products shipped out; near six or seven years to, with industry of transformation, profiteering earned post of less has, industry in of people are in spell technology, and spell design, and spell brand, this is foreign trade industry more than 10 years to is important of a change".

Us, Europe and Japan trade up

Under section 15th of the Protocol on China's accession to the WTO, and WTO members on anti-dumping, "alternative country" approach on December 11, and since then, WTO members on anti-dumping investigations against China, no longer uses third country prices to calculate the dumping margin.

However, the United States, Europe and Japan and other members of the WTO on the subject of vague, attempted to use "alternative country" approach.

"Even the World Bank, in its survey of China also stated in the description column of the Web page, China has shifted from centrally planned economies to market economies", Japan Marubeni group head of marketing China Cheng Yulin told the media that, "data show that China in 2015 over 97% of prices of goods and services is determined by the market. Non-public ownership economy in the share of GDP than 60% has been higher than the proportion of the State-owned economy. In January-November this year, China's exports of private enterprises in China's foreign trade export 46.1%. China's exports in the total trade of goods, the majority of export prices are mainly decided by the non-public enterprises on the international market. China has greatly expanded in recent years open to investment. Japan does not recognize China's market economy status, trade new action. ”

"China joined WTO has has 15 years, to China now of market open degree and tariff level, Europe day refused to admitted China market status is very not objective of, has must of ideology reasons", Peking University National Development Institute Deputy Dean Yu, Miaojie pointed out that, "Although China now also exists must degree of domestic elements market twisted, but this is each a national will some problem, like get EU and United States finds for completely market national of India, The mismatch of resources and market distortions is more serious than that of China. Europe and the refusal to honour their commitments, more is the current economic weakness in developed countries, unwilling to give up this counterweight to China. ”

"Behind this is a sign of trade protectionism, to squeeze China's space in the international market, protect Chinese industries," Bai told the business daily journalist, "If Europe continues to ' alternative ' standard of Chinese goods with ' anti-' survey, China's full WTO be fair to appeal ruling. ”

China's anti-protectionism in the us, Europe and Japan, will give its implications? The answer is: they are likely the foot.

According to United States well-known intellectual kubidesen of the Institute for international economics, studies have shown that if China is also on the United States impose the same high tariffs on imports, United States imports and exports shrinking will occur, rising domestic prices, declining economic growth, rising unemployment plight. Nobel economics laureate Joseph Stiglitz said, such as starting a trade war, United States economy will be the biggest losers.

(Editors: Biao Guo UN832)
2016-12-11 23:59:21
Daily economic news

加入“WTO”15年，地位越来越高，中国赚了多少？

每日经济新闻记者 张雯

　　就在15年前的今天，中国成为世贸组织（WTO）第143个成员。15年后，中国不但登上了世界经济舞台的中央，并为推动世界经济发展做出了卓越贡献。

　　从GDP贡献率看，2001年，中国实际GDP对全球贡献率为0.53%，2015年，这一数字为24.8%；同时，中国对全球实际GDP增长率的拉动度也从0.03升至0.6个百分点。

　　入世15年 中国地位“与日俱增”

　　加入世贸组织15年来，中国经济获得了巨大成功——目前中国已成为全球第二大经济体，世界第一大贸易国，世界第一大吸引外资国，世界第二大对外投资国。

　　加入世贸组织对促进中国外贸发展和拉动经济增长发挥了重要作用。目前，中国已连续三年稳居世界第一货物贸易大国，成为全球120多个国家和地区的最大贸易伙伴。

　　官方数据显示，2001年中国进出口总额0.51万亿美元，2015年这一数字为3.96万亿美元，约为入世前的8倍。其中，2015年中国出口额达22765.7亿美元，较2001年增长了约7.6倍；进口额达16820.7亿美元，增长了近6倍。

　　预计未来5年，中国进出口总额将达到8万亿美元，利用外资总额将达到6000亿美元，对外投资总额将达到7500亿美元，出境旅游将达到7亿人次，为世界带来更多的发展机遇。

　　此外，中国对外资的吸引力也在增强。尽管当下全球跨境投资低迷，但2016年前10个月，欧美对华投资同比分别增长79.8%和41.5%。

　　亚洲开发银行高级经济学家许霓妮认为，与量的增长相比，中国外贸更大的成就在于深度融入全球价值链，“这对下一个15年非常重要。”

　　至于那些曾担心被国际同行冲垮的行业企业来说，入世15年，它们非但没在竞争中落败，反而脱颖而出。

　　“中国已成为后来居上的世界家电强国，中国国产汽车也开始崭露头角”，中国商务部研究院国际市场研究所副所长白明告诉每日经济新闻记者，“中国入世的第一阶段主要是分享红利，第二阶段是红利互动，中国开始给予世界更多红利。”

　　对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院院长屠新泉认为，加入WTO激发了中国企业和宏观经济的活力，“中国在短短15年间取得的巨大成就远超预期。”在如此惊人的贸易规模和发展速度的背后，更是产业结构的优化升级。中国商务部数据显示，从2001年到2014年，中国初级产品的出口份额由10%下降到5%，而工业制成品中机械与运输设备的出口份额由36%上升为46%，出口增加值不断提升。

　　一位入行电子产品贸易十多年的“老外贸”告诉记者，“十多年前我做海运物流，最早几年是把外国货运进来，把我们的资源输出去；随后一个阶段是把我们的廉价产品运出去；近六七年来，随着行业的转型，倒买倒卖赚差价的少了，行业里的人都在拼技术、拼设计、拼品牌，这是外贸行业十多年来极为重要的一个转变”。

　　美欧日贸易保护抬头

　　根据《中国加入世贸组织议定书》第十五条规定，世贸组织成员对华反倾销“替代国”做法于12月11日终止，即从此之后，世贸组织成员在对华反倾销调查中，不能再采用第三国价格来计算倾销幅度。

　　然而，美欧日等世贸组织成员对这一问题表态含糊其辞，企图继续使用“替代国”做法。

　　“就连世界银行在其网页的中国概况描述栏中也陈述道，中国已从中央计划经济体转向了市场经济体”，日本丸红株式会社市场业务部中国组负责人成玉麟对媒体表示，“数据显示，2015年中国超过97%的商品和服务价格是由市场决定的。非公有制经济在国内生产总值中所占比重超过60%，已高于国有经济的比重。今年1~11月，中国民营企业出口占中国外贸出口的46.1%。中国对外出口货物总贸易额中，大部分出口价格主要是由非公企业按国际市场价格来决定的。中国最近几年还大幅扩大了对外开放的投资领域。日本不承认中国市场经济国家的地位，是贸易保护主义的新动作。”

　　“中国加入WTO已有15年，以中国现在的市场开放程度以及关税水平，欧美日拒绝承认中国市场经济地位是非常不客观的，有一定的意识形态原因”，北京大学国家发展研究院副院长余淼杰指出，“虽然中国现在还存在一定程度的国内要素市场扭曲，但这是每一个国家都会有的问题，像得到欧盟和美国认定为完全市场经济国家的印度，其资源错配与市场扭曲情况比中国更为严重。所以欧美日此次拒绝履行承诺，更多是当前发达国家经济疲软，不愿主动放弃这张制衡中国的牌。”

　　“这背后是贸易保护主义抬头的表现，以此挤压中国的国际市场空间，保护其本中国国产业，”白明告诉每日经济新闻记者，“如果今后欧美日继续以‘替代国’标准对中国商品进行‘双反’调查，中国完全可以上诉WTO予以公平裁决。”

　　中国反制美欧日的贸易保护主义，将给其带来哪些影响？答案是：它们很有可能搬起石头砸自己的脚。

　　根据美国知名智库彼得森国际经济研究所的研究显示，若中国也对美国进口商品征收同等高额的关税，美国将会出现进出口萎缩，国内物价上升，经济增速不断下滑，失业率攀升的困境。诺贝尔经济学奖获得者斯蒂格利茨则表示，如启动贸易战，美国经济将会成为最大输家。

(责任编辑：郭彪 UN832)
2016-12-11 23:59:21
每日经济新闻