Haier, Hisense: in the United States built mainly for overseas markets-Haier, Hisense-IT information
Cao dewang, Chairman of Fuyao's words set off a frenzy in the country, after a few days, discussions are still one after another. In fact, Chinese firms to United States plant, Fuyao glass isn't the first, already have a number of Chinese companies in the United States set up their own factories. "Chinese companies in the United States or Europe, first of all is to close to the market, to meet customer demand, cost factors to be in second place. "Shandong weida song comrades, Secretary of the Board informed the securities times, company over the years to the United States plans to plant because the company's main customers in the United States, and Eastern Europe.
Haier, Hisense claims is consistent with this view, Hale said, in the United States the plant is mainly based on global strategic considerations. In overseas factories, "reducing supply chain costs, along with the perfect global manufacturing layout, Haier products in the global logistics of ever increasing speed, effectively shortens the period of capital turnover, increase Haier's manufacturing competitiveness in the world. ”
United States Zhao Mr, head of a business consulting firm told the securities Times reporter, in recent years to consult United States China plant matters more and more, "as well as the United States the cost reduction, United States factories will become the choice of many Chinese companies. ”
Cost is not the main factor
Zhao said that in United States factories should take into account a number of factors, not only the costs, raw materials, markets and so on, "factory along with the markets, markets where the factory where this is economic law."
Securities times, through understanding, except for raw materials, in the United States the plant costs relating to the same Cao dewang.
It is reported that the United States plant, in addition to raw materials, costs include: labour, taxes, logistics, such as bank loans, energy, no hidden costs. Because of commercial confidentiality, Haier and Hisense did not disclose its United States costs associated with the plant. But Mr Zhao, "these are public, and can be found in the network, because the United States to attract manufacturing industries back. ”
With regard to taxation, "United States the power of local governments, tax policies are not the same everywhere, where high unemployment, low rate, and the United States are based on the corporate profit tax to, high profit rate is high. "Mr Zhao, United States many States even without corporate income tax, such as South Dakota, Nevada, higher corporate income tax is imposed by States, such as New York, Louisiana, tax or 35%. And in terms of social security rates, United States 7.7% in both the corporate and personal burden of social security standards, total only 15%.
Logistics is cheap, "the United States does not charge any interstate, only some private road pricing, but also very cheap. "Mr Zhao, and transportation costs in China are relatively high tolls according to the mileage and load a double charge.
And in terms of labor, United States not imagined that high domestic labor costs. Mr Zhao, United States overall labor cost is about 4~6 times that of China. United States some regions with a high unemployment rate, wage level is not high, hiring workers easier.
"But because the plant helped local employment, local Government will have a lot of tax subsidies and so it is about 4 times. "Mr Zhao because high labor cost, mass and forced factories use robots, intelligent manufacturing. This will help China plant introduction, improve Chinese factory manufacturing techniques and standards. Fuyao glass to build plant in Ohio, where, is the United States economically underdeveloped regions, the average wage of workers is relatively low.
For intelligent manufacturing, song and his comrades said, for now, the widespread use of robots and is applicable to all industries, such as the company's main business production of drill chucks, because of complicated procedures, only discrete automation, not suitable for full automation.
United States plant will become a trend
It is reported that, more and more Chinese enterprises have already planned to go to United States plant, opened up United States market. Analysis of Zhao, Chinese manufacturing, in the United States built a factory to "take advantage of the world's most advanced science and technology, to model for domestic industry to establish high-tech factories, but also Chinese employees in the United States training base".
Haier is the representative of as early as 1999, Haier in the United States to invest in the Haier industrial park, commissioned in 2000. Haier says, in the United States the plant's biggest advantage is greatly promoted the domestic exports of Haier products. Haier wine cooler in the United States almost monopolized the entire market, this impressive performance is not achieved by the United States, Haier implementation independent, and completed in conjunction with domestic.
It is reported that a well-known Chinese brand tile manufacturers in 2015, set up his own factory in Tennessee, its fundamental purpose is close to the market because the United States is the world's first market of ceramic tile sales. The company chose Tennessee, in addition to outside factors such as low labour costs, tax concessions, but also because it has the raw material clay tiles. United States factories abroad, radiation in South America, Europe.
Song and his comrades also said, "as Chinese companies grow to a certain size, internationalization is the path we must take, and domestic enterprises operating costs higher and higher, to build plants overseas will be an inevitable choice. ”
Hisense has said "We also go to the United States to build a factory planning, is to close to the market. This could shorten the development cycle and supply cycle, to ensure product competitiveness in the market. ”
It is learned that the Chinese companies go to the United States to build a factory, most was auto parts manufacturer, because the United States is the world's largest car producer, there is a lot of market demand.
And more listed companies is through the acquisition of United States business arrangement or assets United States, such as Lenovo, Jerry shares, the East Sea, new energy, and so on.
海尔海信：在美国建厂主要为了海外市场 - 海尔,海信 - IT资讯
福耀玻璃董事长曹德旺的一席话在国内掀起轩然大波，时隔数日，讨论声仍然此起彼伏。其实，中国企业去美国建厂，福耀玻璃不是第一家，此前已经有多家中国企业在美国建立了自己的工厂。“中国企业在美国或者欧洲建厂，首先是为了贴近市场，满足客户的需求，成本因素要排在第二位。”山东威达董秘宋战友告诉证券时报记者，公司多年以来就有去美国建厂的打算，因为公司的主要客户在美国以及东欧。
海尔、海信方面的说法与上述观点一致，海尔方面表示，在美国建厂主要基于全球战略的考虑。在海外建厂，“降低了供应链成本，随着全球制造布局不断完善，海尔产品在全球的物流速度不断提升，有效缩短了资金周转周期，提高了海尔在全球的制造竞争力。”
而美国一家商务咨询公司的负责人赵先生告诉证券时报记者，近年来前去咨询美国建厂事项的中国企业越来越多，“以及美国各项成本的降低，去美国建工厂会成为很多中国企业的选择。”
成本不是主要因素
赵先生表示，在美国建厂其实要考虑的因素很多，不只有上述成本，还有原材料、市场等等，“工厂是随着市场走的，市场在哪里，工厂就在哪里，这是经济规律”。
证券时报记者经过多方了解，除去原材料，在美国建厂的成本与曹德旺所说相差无几。
据悉，在美国建厂，除了原材料，成本主要包括：劳动力、税收、物流、银行贷款、能源等，没有隐性成本。因为涉及商业机密，海尔及海信方面并没有透露其美国工厂的相关成本。但是赵先生介绍，“这些都是公开的，在网络上就可以查到，因为美国要吸引制造业回流。”
税收方面，“美国地方政府的权力比较大，每个地方的税率政策也都不一样，失业率高的地方，税率就低，而且美国的税率是根据企业的赢利情况来的，利润高，税率就高。”赵先生介绍，美国许多州甚至不设企业所得税，如南达科他州、内华达州，征收企业所得税较高的州，如纽约州、路易斯安那州，税率最高也就是35%。而在社会保障费率方面，美国企业和个人的社保负担标准均为7.7%，合计仅15%。
物流更是便宜，“美国的所有洲际公路都不收费，只有一些私营道路收费，但也很便宜。”赵先生介绍，而中国的运输成本相对来说高，过路费按里程和载重量双重收取。
而在劳动力方面，其实美国的劳动力成本并没有国内想象的那么高。赵先生介绍，美国的人工成本总体来说大约是中国的4~6倍。美国有些高失业率地区，工资水平也不高，招聘工人也比较容易。
“但是因为建厂帮助了当地的就业，当地政府会有大量的税务补贴，因此算起来也就是中国的4倍左右。”赵先生介绍，因为人工成本高，也逼迫工厂大规模使用机器人，智能制造。这样有利于中国工厂引进技术，提高中国工厂的制造技术和水平。福耀玻璃计划建厂的所在地俄亥俄州，是美国经济欠发达的地区，工人的平均工资相对较低。
对于智能制造，宋战友则表示，目前来看，大规模使用机器人生产并适用于所有行业，比如公司主营业务钻夹头的生产，因为工序复杂，只能是离散自动化，不适宜全程自动化。
去美国建厂将成趋势
据悉，已经有越来越多的中国企业计划去美国建厂，开辟美国市场。赵先生分析，对于中国制造业来说，在美国建工厂可以“利用世界最先进的科学技术，给国内制造业建立高科技的样板工厂，同时也是中国员工在美国的实习基地”。
海尔是这方面的代表，早在1999年，海尔即在美国投资建立了海尔工业园，2000年投产。对海尔平说，在美国建厂最大的好处在于极大地推动了国内海尔产品的出口量。海尔酒柜在美国几乎垄断了整个市场，这一骄人业绩的取得不是由美国海尔独立实现的，而与国内协同完成的。
据悉，中国某著名品牌磁砖生产商2015年在田纳西州建立了自己的工厂，其根本目的就是贴近市场，因为美国是世界瓷砖销售的第一市场。这家企业之所以选择田纳西州，除了劳动力成本低、税收更优惠等因素外，更主要的还是因为这里有磁砖的原材料粘土。以美国工厂为海外基地，辐射南美洲、欧洲市场。
宋战友也表示，“随着中国企业发展到一定的规模，国际化是必走的路径，同时国内企业的经营成本越来越高，去海外建厂会是一个必然的选择。”
海信方面则表示，“我们也有去美国建工厂的规划，主要是为了贴近市场。这样可以缩短研发周期、供应周期，能够保证产品在市场上的竞争力。”
据悉，目前中国企业去美国建工厂，最多的还是汽车零部件制造企业，因为美国是世界第一大汽车生产国，有大量的市场需求。
而更多的上市公司则是通过收购美国企业或者资产的方式布局美国，如联想、杰瑞股份、东方海洋、新潮能源等。