Destruction of hundreds of Han tombs in Henan province client: Archaeology moved graves with the same

On December 8, Wang song of ruzhou, Henan cultural square construction scene, right for the old burial pit beneath the main area of the screen, now razed to the ground. Xinhua News Agency

In recent days, hundreds of ruzhou, Henan province, Han dynasty Tomb was destroyed in real estate development, attract public attention. "Xinhua viewpoint" reporters learned that ruzhou ruzhou comprehensive culture square project is focused on engineering, located in the city centre skyline under the indulgence of the authorities concerned, projects into real estate development, construction will have significant heritage value for Chinese burial ground.

　　Developing protection programmes, while destruction of hundreds of tombs of Han dynasty

It is learnt that, in 2015, ruzhou decided to prime locations to build a comprehensive culture square in the city centre. Ruzhou, four teams, according to joint research by the looking song culture square construction programme, including public cultural square and the Square Plaza in two parts. On April 25 this year, Plaza construction.

End of May to early June, during the project's construction, exploration and excavation by the cultural relics Department in planning center of cultural square, hundreds of Han dynasty Tomb found. Archaeological excavations led by the Research Institute of cultural relics and archaeology of Henan province ended on September 30.

However, in the course of archaeological excavations, heritage has been seriously damaged. Ruzhou artists Yang said: "the night of August 25, savage started the construction team, killing 13 of them Han tomb was badly damaged. ”

On October 20, the key construction project of cultural relics Bureau of Henan province cultural relics Management Office, Henan province cultural relics and Archaeology Research Institute, ruzhou cultural radio and television Bureau of press and publication jointly issued by heritage conservation in reporting-as-finished.

Reports indicate that this tomb is a large cemetery in the Han dynasty, as the Han dynasty tombs, burial customs in the region of study provided important historical material. Three, four tombs connected to the Tomb, and even China are extremely rare in the province. In addition, the excavated portico shaped hollow hollow brick, extremely rare in the past Han tombs. Report concluded that recommendations with facts on the ground and properly handle archaeological heritage conservation.

However, the night of November 25, tombs were destroyed. Ruzhou, artists, Zhou said: "hundreds of people who will be on duty security company and the cultural relics Bureau of personnel, vehicles, sheds, tool to clear all the site fence, locked the door. "It is understood that the next 5 days, construction crews after the archaeological excavation of tombs of all razed to the ground.

At the same time, of the Henan provincial Research Institute of ancient architecture expert is designed tombs of Han dynasty in situ conservation programmes. On December 8, the reporters at the construction site of the project, workers, machinery is hard work, but had not found traces of tombs of Han dynasty.

OASIS He Songtao, General Manager of real estate development project developer Yu Chau said: "this archaeological sample not just moved grave, excavation of cultural relics go, I can flat graves is not it? "The developers say archaeological excavation process that takes a lot of time, the project also paid the costs of archaeology for the Government delayed the construction schedule.

Above, respondents provided ruzhou, Henan Wang song tombs of Han dynasty cultural relic sites, cultural Plaza photo (photo), Wang song next photo was taken on December 8 of ruzhou area, Henan province cultural square construction site scenes. Xinhua News Agency

　　Hearing 10 days earlier than heritage reporting-as-finished, hearing officer does not include heritage experts

Why cultural relic protection unit has been working, tombs of Han dynasty was not from destruction?

According to press reports, on October 10, Wang song culture square construction headquarters has organized projects and Han Tomb to protect hearing. Reporters get the minutes of the hearing: the view, focusing on the cultural square construction, taking into account the Han Tomb to protect, while Han Tomb hole should not be retained on site.

The hearing had two points: one is the hearing time. Institute of cultural relics and archaeology of Henan province culture of Yu Chau Wang song completed the square, such as heritage conservation work of the project completion report published on October 20, hearing the time 10 days earlier than the day the report was released.

Second, participants of the hearing. Reporters found that participants in addition to leadership, ruzhou, representatives of retired cadres above the County, part of the city people's Congress, representatives of municipal CPPCC members, representatives from the public and looking song culture square construction Headquarters Office, boards, street, heads of enterprises, but the lack of relevant experts.

"Project construction headquarters informed the Bureau as to why no relics protection experts, why calls for conservation culture people were hearing the door, this is something I don't know. "Ruzhou Government party members, Wang song culture square construction headquarters Deputy Director Zheng Xuyin said.

Reporters found that protection of cultural relic protection unit programme is also in operation were "ignored". Bureau of cultural relics, ruzhou An Yajie told reporters on October 20, the Henan provincial Research Institute of ancient architecture to design a Han Tomb in situ conservation programmes, but was rejected.

"The design of the exhibition hall area of 2000 square meters for the first time, occupying the cultural center of the square. Leaders believe covers an area too large, affecting the cultural function of the square. "Zheng Xuyin revealed the cause of the above proposal is rejected.

In the first in-situ conservation programme was rejected by the ruzhou decided area of the Museum is reduced to 600 square meters, leaving only the more than more than 10 tombs, was redesigned by Henan provincial Research Institute of ancient architecture protection programmes.

Zheng Xuyin said: "cultural heritage with white plastic rope a 600 square meter area, agreed with the construction in this area outside of the construction. "However, white plastic rope and did not prevent construction damage.

"In early December that tombs were destroyed again, I went to the site, even in the door, alarm before the police arrived, couldn't get in. "Ruzhou cultural relic Bureau official said.

Project construction headquarters of a staff member on duty said: "Wang song culture square is the city's key projects, time is very tight. Top leaders approved, construction crews will dare to dig burial pits, about cultural heritage also can't only away on Tomb bricks. ”

On December 8, Wang song of ruzhou, Henan cultural square of the sandbox, the sandbox is a shopping mall and residential buildings on the left side, the public inquiry. Xinhua News Agency

　　Only concerned was fined 400,000 yuan fine

On December 8, the reporter song cultural Plaza Exhibition Center next to the site, several members of the public are asking shops next to the sandbox and house prices. Brochure display, the project covers a total of 80 acres, which impressed city called OASIS commercial and residential project covers an area of 30 MU, building area including "40,000 square meter underground shopping mall + 30,000 sqm Business Center + quality residential 80,000 square meters + 8000 square meters the old supermarket".

According to the ruzhou Wang song culture square construction programme, hope song layout of cultural square design for: above-ground part of the northern region for the cultural Plaza, shopping mall in the southern region; underground shopping malls and parking lots, design layout, there is no "quality home".

In the project construction headquarters, the reporters saw on a Board full of ruzhou leadership and led the Bureau name, respectively, in different positions, such as ruzhou Director Zhang Liuhua project construction headquarters of the first Director of the Standing Committee, Vice Mayor of ruzhou Government state as a project construction headquarters Director of fan.

On December 11, ruzhou said project construction headquarters has the contractor issued a suspension notice. Cultural relics departments to "unauthorized migration, the demolition of unmovable cultural relics" from the units concerned "a fine of 400,000 yuan," administrative punishment. China's public security departments and cultural relics departments are further evidence, who is suspected of an offence, will be handed over to judicial authorities as soon as possible as quickly as possible.

On December 19, the reporter once again came to song culture square construction site, found the site was still busy. Ruzhou leaders explained, shut down area only in Han grave archaeological museum to be built in small areas, not the entire site shutdown. Penalties for units involved, it was in charge of excavation construction of Henan Mission Hills industries limited, and 400,000 yuan in fines, has yet to account.

As of press time, ruzhou police didn't take any on August 25 and November 25 destruction of Han Tomb findings.

It is understood that on September 2, ruzhou issued a "cultural construction of three-year action" plan, to determine the "protection, rescue first" policy of heritage preservation requires correct handling of the relationship between urban construction and cultural relics protection.

A law enforcement has long been engaged in cultural relics experts told reporters, according to the cultural relics protection law, intentional or negligent damage to the precious cultural relics for national protection, to pursue their criminal responsibilities. But few have been investigated for criminal liability, are fine. "Infrastructure construction of most of the destruction of cultural relics case belongs to the corporate law, and to award a local government units through organize relevant departments to meet. Employer, the construction through the relationship, when the umbrella is found, destruction of cultural relics penalty proposals often have ended inconclusively. ”

(Editors: xiaowugang UN845)
2016-12-25 22:40:34
Xinhua News Agency

河南百余座汉墓遭破坏 开发商：考古跟迁坟一个样

　　12月8日，河南汝州望嵩文化广场施工场面，画面右下方为原有墓葬坑主要所在区域，如今已被夷为平地。新华社图

　　近日，河南省汝州市百余座汉墓遭房地产开发破坏，引起社会关注。“新华视点”记者调查了解到，汝州市综合性文化广场项目是汝州市的重点工程，位于市中心黄金地段，在有关方面的纵容下，项目变成了房地产开发，施工方将具有重大文物价值的汉墓葬夷为平地。

　　一边制订保护方案，一边百余汉墓频遭破坏

　　据悉，2015年，汝州市决定在市中心黄金地段建设综合性文化广场。根据市四大班子联席会议研究通过的《汝州市望嵩文化广场建设方案》，该广场包括公共文化广场和商业广场两部分。今年4月25日，广场开工建设。

　　5月底到6月初，在项目施工期间，经文物部门勘探和发掘，在规划的文化广场中心地带，发现百余座汉墓。由河南省文物考古研究院牵头的考古发掘工作9月30日结束。

　　但是，就在考古发掘期间，文物却遭到严重破坏。汝州文化人士杨先生说：“8月25日夜，施工队野蛮开工，造成其中13座汉墓被严重破坏。”

　　10月20日，河南省文物局重点建设项目文物管理办公室、河南省文物考古研究院、汝州市文化广电新闻出版局联合出具文物保护工作完工报告。

　　报告显示，此墓为汉代一处较大规模的墓地，为研究该区域汉代墓葬形制、埋葬习俗提供了重要史料。三座、四座墓相连的墓葬形制，在全省乃至中国都极其少见。此外，出土的窗棂形状的镂空空心砖雕，在以往汉墓发掘中极其罕见。报告结论称，建议当地结合实际情况妥善处理考古发掘的文物保护工作。

　　然而，11月25日晚，墓葬再遭破坏。汝州文化人士周先生说：“百余名有组织的人员将现场值班的保安公司和文物局的人员、车辆、棚子、工具全部清除出工地围墙，锁上大门。”据了解，随后5天，施工队将考古发掘后的所有墓葬坑夷为平地。

　　而就在同时，河南省古代建筑研究院的专家正在设计汉墓群就地保护方案。12月8日，记者在项目施工现场看到，工人、机械正在紧张施工，但已找不到汉墓群的踪迹。

　　项目开发商汝州绿洲房地产开发有限公司总经理何松涛说：“这考古不就跟迁坟一个样嘛，文物都发掘走了，我不就可以把墓坑给平了嘛？”开发商称，考古发掘过程花费了很多时间，项目部还为政府垫付了考古费用，耽误了施工进度。

　　上图为受访者提供的河南汝州望嵩文化广场汉墓群文物发掘现场照片（资料照片）；下图为12月8日拍摄的河南汝州望嵩文化广场工地施工场面。新华社 图

　　听证会比文物保护完工报告提前10天，听证人员不包括文物专家

　　为什么文物保护单位一直在努力，汉墓群还是未能免遭破坏？

　　据记者了解，10月10日，望嵩文化广场建设指挥部曾组织召开项目建设与汉墓保护听证会。记者拿到的听证会纪要显示：会议认为，要以文化广场建设为重点，兼顾汉墓保护，而汉墓空穴不宜现场保留。

　　此次听证会有两个疑点：一是举行听证会的时间。河南省文物考古研究院等完成的《汝州望嵩文化广场项目文物保护工作完工报告》10月20日发布，听证会的时间比报告发布日提前了10天。

　　二是听证会的参加人员。记者调查发现，参会人员除汝州市领导外，有县以上离退休老干部代表、部分市人大代表、市政协委员代表、市民代表及望嵩文化广场建设指挥部办公室、相关局委、街道、企业负责人，唯独缺少相关文物专家。

　　“项目建设指挥部通知了文化局，至于为什么没有相关文物保护专家与会，为什么呼吁文物保护的文化人士被挡在听证会门外，这个事情我也不知道。”汝州市政府党组成员、望嵩文化广场建设指挥部常务副指挥长郑旭银说。

　　记者调查发现，文物保护单位的保护方案也在实际操作中被“忽略”。汝州市文物局局长安亚杰告诉记者，10月20日，河南省古代建筑研究院设计出一个汉墓群就地保护方案，但被否决了。

　　“第一次设计的陈列馆建筑面积2000平方米，占据文化广场的中心。领导认为占地面积太大，影响了文化广场功能的发挥。”郑旭银透露了上述方案被否决的原因。

　　在第一个就地保护方案被否决后，汝州市决定将陈列馆的面积缩小为600平方米，仅保留10余个墓穴，让河南省古代建筑研究院重新设计保护方案。

　　郑旭银说：“文物局用白色塑料绳圈了一个600平方米的区域，同意施工方在这以外的区域施工。”然而，白色塑料绳并没能阻止施工方破坏的脚步。

　　“12月初得知墓葬再次被破坏，我去了工地，连大门都没进去，报警后警察到了，也进不去。”汝州市文物局一位负责人说。

　　项目建设指挥部一位值班工作人员说：“望嵩文化广场是市里的重点工程，工期要求很紧。有上面领导拍板，施工队才敢挖墓葬坑的，文物局也左右不了，只负责把墓砖拉走。”

　　12月8日，河南汝州望嵩文化广场沙盘，沙盘左侧是购物广场和住宅楼，市民正在询价。新华社 图

　　涉事单位仅被处以40万元罚金

　　12月8日，记者在望嵩文化广场工地旁的展示中心看到，几位市民正在沙盘旁边询问商铺和住宅价格。宣传彩页显示，项目占地共计80亩，其中名为绿洲·印象城的商业和住宅项目就占地30亩，建筑面积包括“4万平方米地下购物中心＋3万平方米商业中心＋8万平方米品质住宅＋8000平方米老城超市”。

　　据《汝州市望嵩文化广场建设方案》，望嵩文化广场项目设计布局为：地面部分北部区域为文化广场，南部区域为购物广场；地下部分为购物广场和停车场，设计布局中，并没有“品质住宅”。

　　在项目建设指挥部，记者看到一个展板上写满了汝州市领导和各个局领导的名字，分别担任不同职务，如汝州市人大常委会主任张留华任项目建设指挥部第一指挥长，汝州市政府副市长范响立任项目建设指挥部指挥长。

　　12月11日，汝州市称：项目建设指挥部已对施工方下达停工通知书。文物部门以“擅自迁移、拆除不可移动文物”为由，对涉事单位处以“罚金40万元”的行政处罚。中国公安部门和文物部门正进一步调查取证，如涉嫌违法，将尽快移交司法机关尽快处理。

　　12月19日，记者再次来到望嵩文化广场建设工地，发现工地仍然一片繁忙。汝州市相关领导解释称：停工区域仅限定在将要建设汉墓发掘文物陈列馆的小区域，并非让整个工地停工。对涉事单位的处罚，也只针对当时负责土方挖掘施工的河南易澜实业有限公司，并且40万元的罚金，尚未到账。

　　截至记者发稿时，汝州市公安局也没拿出任何关于8月25日和11月25日汉墓遭到破坏的调查结果。

　　据了解，9月2日，汝州市印发了“文化建设三年行动”计划，确定了“保护为主、抢救第一”的文物保护方针，要求正确处理城市建设和文物保护的关系。

　　一位长期从事文物执法工作的专家告诉记者，按照文物保护法规定，故意或过失损坏国家保护的珍贵文物，要追究当事者的刑事责任。但在现实中很少有被追究刑责的，往往罚款了事。“基建施工中的文物破坏案例大都属于法人违法，而要处罚一个单位则需当地政府组织相关部门开会研究通过。建设单位、施工单位打通关系，找到保护伞后，文物破坏处罚的提议最后往往就不了了之。”

(责任编辑：肖武岗 UN845)
2016-12-25 22:40:34
新华社