China will build around 2020 launch Mars probe space powers | | Mars _ China's space news

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Mars, Jupiter, and launch long Nineth rocket, China's future space probes will go farther deep space. Yesterday, China's State Council information Office published the 2016 white paper on China's space activities, around the year 2020, China will launch its first Mars probe, the Mars "around, fall, visiting" probe, and subsequent execution of the second Mars exploration, the surface of Mars sample return, carry out scientific analysis and research. First proposed in the white paper "space power" development vision, by 2030, China ranks among the world's space powers.

　　Next will be launched about 100 satellites

It is reported that this is after Chinese officials following the 2000, 2006, 2011, and the fourth issues white paper on space.

It said over the next five years, China will accelerate the pace of construction of aerospace power, continuous upgrading of aerospace industrial base capabilities, strengthen the key technology research and research in cutting-edge technologies, continued implementation of manned spaceflight, lunar exploration satellite, Beidou navigation system, high-resolution Earth observation system, a new generation of launch vehicles and other major projects.

Deputy Director of the China National Space Administration Wu Yanhua, in Scio press conference yesterday, said that over the next decade, China is expected to be about 100 satellites to be launched, in order to serve China's economic construction and social development.

　　Initiate a Jovian cross detection

Wu Yanhua said in January this year, China approved the first Mars mission, space from the moon to deep space exploration, China marked the wider universe, this is the common responsibility and obligation of all mankind.

He says, around the year 2020, China will launch its first Mars probe, according to one step "around the falls tour" Mars exploration. Implemented after the second Mars missions, Mars sample return, structure, composition, Mars, Mars-scientific analysis and research.

In addition, China will also to detect asteroids, Jovian and planets through the detection of programmes such as deepening the argumentation and key technology research and initiate a project, study the solar system origin and evolution, extraterrestrial life information seeking and other major scientific problems.

　　2018 "Chang fourth" Lunar soft landing

White paper points out that, by the end of 2017, China will launch "the goddess of the Moon, fifth" lunar probe, achieving the soft landing and sample return, the full realization of the Moon exploration project "three-step" strategic goal. Around 2018, the launch of "Chang fourth" lunar probe, human detector on the far side of the moon landing for the first time, and in situ inspections to detect, and earth-moon L2 point relays.

　　"Long Nineth" flew around 2030

White paper points out that the next five years, China will launch of toxic pollution-free medium launch vehicle, perfect for new generation launch vehicle type.

Wu Yanhua said, starting the development of a next-generation heavy rocket attack, to be named "long Nineth". Programmes currently under way further argument and key technology research.

Wu Yanhua said preliminary plans for heavy carrier rocket first flew around 2030.

　　Construction of integrated vehicle and ground barrier-free information

According to Wu Yanhua describes future major projects include integrated information network system for world major science and technology projects. By way of marketization, commercialization and the commercialized operation, improve high-orbit communication satellites and mobile communications satellites in low Earth orbit, and ground mobile fiber optic system for interconnection between heaven and Earth, building a global information network system. Later, in any place around the world without communication barriers, both real-time connectivity, and 5G in accordance with telecommunications industry development direction, to synchronize with.

　　Support social capital investment in commercial launch site

Wu Yanhua said, in the white paper in this part also expounded the policies of commercial space, for private capital and social capital and diversity of capital including foreign capital, is supporting and encouraging attitude.

For concerns such as commercial launches, commercial areas such as measurement and control problems are deepening the argument, is also supported by the open attitude, which is the international development trend.

　　Oppose weaponization and arms race in outer space

White paper pointed out that China always adhere to the peaceful uses of outer space and opposed the weaponization of and an arms race in outer space, rational development and utilization of space resources and effective protection of the space environment, maintains a peaceful, clean outer space, space activities for the benefit of all mankind.

　　Expert analysis

　　Why explore Mars?

Peking University, Earth and Space Sciences Professor Jiao weixin told the Beijing morning post reporters introduced China's exploration of Mars has done a lot of research in the scientific community, as early as 2007, China launched its first lunar probe satellite, it has already begun.

Mars is one of the solar system's eight planets, is one of the four terrestrial planets, Mars, planetary origins, evolution and changes in the atmosphere is of great scientific significance. Jiao weixin said that Mars is not only detecting the planet's problems. From the comparative point of view, the status and evolution of Mars and Earth comparing, understanding what factors cause the solar system's four terrestrial planets to become so different.

Speaking from the responsibilities and obligations of China, should also be the exploration of deep space. So far, fired dozens of human Mars Exploration Rover, United States to all important object was detected, China's knowledge of the solar system objects mostly from United States, Europe and Russia. Also mentioned in the white paper, China's space mission is to contribute to human progress. Jiao weixin said Mars now culture, myths and legends, science fiction, computer games and so on, but so much of Mars culture, few contributions to China. Expanding human understanding of the universe, to contribute to China, it is time.

　　Now the immigration Mars and not reality

Mars, Mars in preparation for future immigrants? Jiao weixin believes that now on the planet of Mars was a distant, at least 800-1000 years later thing, it is too early to talk about this topic, not reality. But with the development of technology, and technical preparation for the Manned Mars in the world, this is probably the year 2040.

Jiao weixin believes that although the Earth was destroyed, but for human survival, compared with other planets are more suitable. No matter how terraforming Mars, such as melt heated underground water, to transform the atmosphere of Mars, and so on, in some ways it's hard to do, Martian magnetic field is very weak, unable to stop the powerful radiation, which humans can do, able to create a strong magnetic field.

"Not in favour of immigrants now Mars, but you can build a Mars base, as well as Antarctic polar base, in-depth study of the human presence for some time. "Jiao weixin said.

　　Mars exploration journey to fly 8 months

Jiao weixin said, in the early 60 's, United States launch of Mars probe. It was observed on the planet Mars has "channels" that Mars has canals, since artificial Canal, there may be a human existence, so the period around Mars science fiction story is particularly high. Later probes found not canals, Mars, sci-fi also changed direction. So far, ESA, and Russia launches Mars probe, India launched a probe, but no outstanding achievements in science. Japan has also sent, but failed, the probe has not been captured.

Jiao weixin pointed out that Chinese Mars exploration program to achieve the "winding, falling, watch", you need to launch the orbiter and Rover, which is unprecedented in the world. Other countries will separately launch the orbiter or Mars.

The long journey to Mars, the probe to go far? Jiao weixin said, generally speaking, starting from the Earth, the probe after seven or eight months to reach Mars.

　　Successful exploration there are three difficulties

Jiao weixin said successful exploration there are three difficulties. First, choose the right launch window, once Mars every 26 months, we chose to launch window for 2020 is more appropriate. Second probe into the orbit of Mars. Detector speed is very high, is about 3 kilometers per second to Mars, but Mars gravity small, speed control is essential, otherwise hit either Mars or passing Mars flies away. Mars is distant from Earth, flight control is a problem, orbiting Mars probe to fly to Mars and back, not receiving signal detector only flew over Mars ' shadow in order to receive a signal. United States expert has said that probe to fly to Mars and back, just as in outside the delivery room waiting for their wives to give birth, was very nervous. Third problem is the Rover enters Martian atmosphere, the whole process of deceleration, descent and landing. Jiao weixin said ESA launch the Rover failed twice, are in this link. Beijing morning news reporter Hana

>: Tang Kun Qu SN117

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中国将建设航天强国 2020年左右发射火星探测器|中国航天|火星探测器_新闻资讯
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　　探测火星、木星，发射长征九号大火箭，中国未来的航天探测将走向更远的深空。昨天，中国国务院新闻办公室发表《2016中国的航天》白皮书，2020年左右，中国将发射首个火星探测器，对火星“绕、落、巡”探测，后续实施第二次火星探测，对火星表面采样返回，开展科学分析与研究。白皮书还首次提出“航天强国”的发展愿景，到2030年，中国航天将跻身世界航天强国行列。

　　未来将发射约100颗卫星

　　据悉，这是中国官方继2000年、2006年、2011年后，第四次发布航天白皮书。

　　白皮书说，未来五年，中国将加快航天强国建设步伐，持续提升航天工业基础能力，加强关键技术攻关和前沿技术研究，继续实施载人航天、月球探测、北斗卫星导航系统、高分辨率对地观测系统、新一代运载火箭等重大工程。

　　中国国家航天局副局长吴艳华在昨天的国新办发布会上介绍说，未来十年，中国预计将发射约100颗卫星，为中国国民经济建设和社会发展服务。

　　适时启动木星系穿越探测

　　吴艳华表示，中国政府今年1月份正式批准了首次火星探测任务，标志着中国航天深空探测将由月球迈向更深远的宇宙，这也是全人类的共同责任和义务。

　　他表示，2020年左右，中国将发射首个火星探测器，按照一步实现“绕落巡”开展火星探测。之后实施第二次火星探测任务，进行火星表面采样返回，开展火星构造、物质成分、火星环境等科学分析与研究。

　　另外，中国还将进行小行星探测、木星系及行星穿越探测等的方案深化论证和关键技术攻关，并适时启动工程实施，研究太阳系起源与演化、地外生命信息探寻等重大科学问题。

　　2018年“嫦娥四号”月球软着陆

　　白皮书指出，到2017年年底，中国将发射“嫦娥五号”月球探测器，实现区域软着陆及采样返回，全面实现月球探测工程“三步走”战略目标。2018年前后，发射“嫦娥四号”月球探测器，实现人类探测器在月球背面首次软着陆，开展原位和巡视探测，以及地月L2点中继通信。

　　“长征九号”2030年左右首飞

　　白皮书指出，未来五年，中国将研制发射无毒无污染中型运载火箭，完善新一代运载火箭型谱。

　　吴艳华介绍说，正在启动的新一代重型运载火箭的研制攻关，拟命名为“长征九号”。目前正在开展方案深化论证和关键技术攻关。

　　吴艳华表示，初步计划重型运载火箭的首飞时间是2030年左右。

　　建设天地一体化无障信息网络

　　据吴艳华介绍，未来的重大工程还包括天地一体化信息网络系统重大科技工程。通过市场化、商业化、企业化运作的方式，完善高轨通信卫星和低轨移动通信卫星，与地面移动光纤系统进行天地互联互通，建设覆盖全球的信息网络系统。建成以后，将在全球任何地点没有通信传输障碍，既能够做到实时的互联互通，而且真正按照通信行业5G发展方向，能够与之同步。

　　支持社会资本投资商业发射场

　　吴艳华还表示，在本部白皮书中，也阐述了商业航天的有关政策，对私营资本和社会资本、多元资本包括境外资本，都是持支持鼓励的态度。

　　至于大家关注的如商业发射场、商业测控等领域问题，都在深化论证，也是持开放支持的态度，这也是国际发展的趋势。

　　反对外空武器化和军备竞赛

　　白皮书指出，中国始终坚持和平利用外层空间，反对外空武器化和外空军备竞赛，合理开发和利用空间资源，切实保护空间环境，维护一个和平、清洁的外层空间，使航天活动造福全人类。

　　■专家解读

　　为什么要选择探测火星？

　　北京大学地球与空间科学学院教授焦维新在接受北京晨报记者采访时介绍，中国的火星探测在科学界已经做了大量前期研究，早在中国2007年发射第一颗月球探测卫星时就已经开始了。

　　火星是太阳系八大行星之一，也是四颗类地行星之一，探测火星，对于行星起源、演变、大气层的变化等研究具有重要的科学意义。焦维新说，探测火星不仅仅是探测这一颗星球的科学问题。从行星比较学角度看，把火星的状态和演变过程可以和地球对比，了解到什么因素导致太阳系四颗类地行星变得如此不同。

　　从中国的责任和义务讲，也应该深空探测。到目前为止，人类发射了几十颗火星探测器，美国对所有重要天体都探测了，中国对太阳系天体的认知绝大部分来自美国、欧洲和俄罗斯。白皮书也提到，中国发展航天的宗旨是为推进人类进步作出贡献。焦维新说，现在火星文化丰富多彩，神话传说、科幻故事、电脑游戏等，可是这么多的火星文化，中国作出的贡献还较少。扩展人类对宇宙的认识，中国作出贡献，应该是时候了。

　　现在谈移民火星还不现实

　　探测火星，是否为未来移民火星作准备？焦维新认为，现在谈火星的地球化还是个遥远的过程，至少是800到1000年以后的事情，现在谈这个话题还为时尚早，并不现实。但随着技术发展，可以为载人探测火星作技术准备，世界上，这个目标时间大概是2040年。

　　焦维新认为，虽然现在的地球受到了破坏，但对于人类生存，相比其他星球还是更适合。不管怎么改造火星，比如加热让火星地下融化有水、改造火星大气层等等想法，在有些方面还是很难做到，火星磁场很弱，无法阻挡强大的辐射，这一点人类无能为力，不可能制造强大的磁场。

　　“虽然不赞成现在提移民火星说法，但可以建造火星基地，像南极北极基地一样，人类驻扎一段时间进行深入研究。”焦维新说。

　　火星探测旅程要飞8个月

　　焦维新介绍说，早在上世纪60年代，美国就发射了火星探测器。原来人们在地球上观测到的火星有“沟渠”，以为火星上有运河，既然有人工开凿的运河，就可能有人类存在，因此那个时期围绕火星人的科幻故事特别多。后来探测器发现并不是运河，火星的科幻也改了方向。到目前为止，欧空局、俄罗斯都发射过火星探测器，印度虽然发射了探测器，但在科学上没有突出成果。日本也发射过，但是失败了，探测器并没有被火星捕获。

　　焦维新指出，中国的火星探测计划要实现“绕、落、巡”，就需要同时发射轨道器和火星车，这在世界上是前所未有的。其他国家都是单独发射轨道器或者火星车。

　　漫漫火星旅程，探测器要走多远？焦维新说，一般来说，从地球出发，探测器要经过七八个月的时间抵达火星。

　　成功探测存在三大难关

　　焦维新说，成功探测存在三大难点。一是选择合适的发射窗口，探测火星每26个月有一次机会，我们选择2020年就是比较合适的发射窗口。二是探测器切入到火星轨道。探测器的飞行速度很高，到火星时大概是每秒3公里，但是火星引力小，速度控制至关重要，否则要么撞上火星，要么掠过火星飞走了。探测火星距离地球遥远，飞行控制是个难题，环绕火星的探测器飞到火星背面，收不到探测器的信号，只有飞过火星阴影才能收到信号。美国专家曾说过，探测器飞到火星背面，就好比在产房外面等待妻子分娩，非常紧张。第三大难题是火星车进入火星大气层，减速、下降、着陆的整个过程。焦维新说，欧空局两次发射火星车失败，都是在这个环节。 北京晨报记者 韩娜

>责任编辑：瞿崑 SN117

文章关键词：
中国航天 火星探测器

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