Research funding turmoil, China: corruption research funding, establish the project on social relations, 60% duvet cover College | | _ research funding news

> Investigation motivation

In recent years, corruption has been a social focus of scientific research funds. On one hand, strengthen the management of scientific research funds in China, on the one hand encourage university researchers produce results. It should be said that scientific research areas are all in the process of correcting. However, in the context of good College scientific research environment, individual teachers in colleges and universities has been afraid to do scientific research. This is the reason behind it?

Reporter Yu Dongming

Is at the end of each unit, each person counts when working over the past year, for many of the teachers at Fudan University in Shanghai, the school's research over the past year both in the field of corruption conviction gave them a huge shadow. "Now generally are not doing research, did not know which day it's their turn. "Recently, the school teacher, who asked not to be named said.

It is learned that the recent animal original Yang Ping, Director of the Department of Fudan University Medical College, College of animal laboratory Motomasa Ao Hong, Deputy Director, and Huang Aimin were respectively sentenced on charges of corruption. From the beginning of this year, the legal daily reporter has always been concerned about this trend of the two cases, between Shanghai and Zhejiang universities and scientific management, embarked on a 10-month investigation.

　　Scientific research project expenditures loopholes

Yang Ping 3 years and 4 months in jail, she was found after the release of the reporter, "innocence": "from beginning to end, I didn't confess guilt, all research from approval to completion of the project is in accordance with school regulations, the allocation of research funding and also made in strict accordance with the implementation of school management, school system guilty to guilty. ”

Yang Ping, was sentenced to 10 years and commuted to 3 years and 4 months in the second instance. After the judgment of the second instance on the third day, she was released from prison. However, two of her subordinates are not so lucky, a trial was sentenced to 10 years and 12 years in prison respectively, while ne bis in idem judgment, but is still in prison to serve his sentence.

Court convictions for two reasons, making use of his facilities, will be made by the relevant departments to undertake experimental services proceeds shall be appropriated, Ao Hong and Huang Aimin it exposed to borrow on behalf of others to undertake research projects, using fake invoices to reimburse cash research funds management turmoil.

"These two cases represent the aspects of scientific research management in colleges and universities at present, most of the teachers are like Yang Ping to school or on behalf of the Department to undertake a research project, profits and remuneration; few of no scientific qualifications who would like Ao Hong, Huang Aimin borrow someone else's name or other improper channel to find items to make money. But no matter what kind, drawn on scientific research funds in operation chaos clumps. "Said Fudan University, who declined to be named told Xinhua.

Information shows that in 2010, science and engineering, Fudan University, medical total access to all kinds of items on 1393, total funding to 1.08 billion yuan. According to statistics, Zhejiang University scientific research funds from 2011 to 2.817 billion yuan, total ranking second in the University, of which tens of projects reached 102. From these two sets of data can see fields of University research funding annually.

"Research project is divided into horizontal and vertical subject topic, which is funding such projects, by higher authorities or issued by the various funds and the financing of research projects which are not funding such projects, to undertake research projects to the community. From looking at the number and scale, vertical subject much more than horizontal topic. "The teacher said, if you look at Chinese universities, scientific research funds are billions of calculations per year.

"From what we hear, Fudan University scientific research projects on the management and funding of it vulnerabilities. "The Shanghai first intermediate people's Court judge Zhou told reporters. As he puts it, in July 2014, the central inspection group after the special inspections at Fudan University, noted that the school scientific research funds management confusion, irregularities, and there is a risk of corruption. Specifically, from 2008 to 2013, the 25 projects at the same time applying for funding through various channels, which belongs to the repeated declarations subject; there are 2 projects involving 4 patents belong to the old patent used to new achievements. Inspection group would also require schools to matching funds are not in place, illegal reimbursement of funds, in accordance with stipulations to return balance to troubleshoot issues such as funding.

In the survey, a number of college leaders and teachers, told reporters that such a case is on the management of scientific research funds in universities of the tip of the iceberg, Fudan University there is also widespread problems in colleges and universities in China. How to strictly regulate the management, related to the healthy development of China's scientific research, long-term development, long way to go.

　　Project Declaration does not spell power spell

Reporters from Yang Ping was informed by research at Fudan University there are two books on the teacher, a gratuity, a provision, this is necessary for each research project funds management of the two accounts. In accordance with the provisions and practice in schools and Department of animal experiments over the years, scientific qualification of teachers who undertake, who declared, complete and final management of the funds allocated. Yang Ping to undertake and finish just a fraction of the funds are recorded in the record books, but it didn't make her wash the evidence of the crime.

Journalists have a Fudan science and medical scientific research projects fund management regulations, reporters noted that the "rules" in the research funding to the school account, schools charge a management fee of 5% and 3% of science and technology activities, project leaders may extract vertical subject to a maximum 8% of remuneration remuneration for 40%, horizontal research projects, the rest of the expenses used in experiments. If a balance of funding after the end of the project, the project leader can also extract remuneration not exceeding 40% ... ...

Also, reporter also made has Zhejiang University and Shanghai other three by University of research funding management approach, found distribution programme similar, but Zhejiang University provides of funding expenditures project to than Fudan University of more detailed, specific for three big class 13 items, addition, Zhejiang University in this year March and specifically on horizontal subject funding management made new of provides, added has on business hospitality costs of limit.

"The proportion of fees so high, is to stimulate the enthusiasm of teachers and scientific research, but the problem is that fund management link, because management is too extensive, easy to operate too much room, in front of huge profits, it is easy to breed chaos. "Liu research at Fudan University for many years, well aware of operation in the industry:" as a project leader, all I can do is keep their legal boundaries and morality. ”

So, chaos in the field of scientific research in colleges and universities over the years and what? Liu analyzed the journalist. First is the creation of declarations does not spell strength spell "relationship". A scientific research is not strong, and when school officials, topics will come soon, so many people sharpening heads, looking upwards. In addition some teachers have been using school resources "run into" took the issue fee, swing arms to young teachers or students to do it.

Second is money to burn, claims fraud. So much research funding each year, schools charge a management fee does not control. Fudan University is provided, "head of the utilization and management of funds for scientific research by the project". Therefore, in order to cash in, issuing false invoices, making up false contracts, preparing false accounts and other means are available, can be prevented.

"The teacher is the same boss, project safe, student identity card impersonator of labour, repair invoices, purchase invoices were all accounted for. China Association for science and technology have had surveys in a number of universities and research institutions, research funds for the project itself is only about 40%, a lot of loss of research funding in the project. "Mr Liu said.

Third is the acceptance of the motions, no one cares. "Get the project capable of concluding, spend money, some experts say a good word, even if the subject is not good, so had the opportunity to get good. "Mr Liu said.

Dr Teng teacher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University graduate school to teach, since there is no scientific qualifications, a few years ago put the next item under the instructor's name. "Low wages in colleges and universities to make money doing research, so we are eight Immortals have done their best. "He told reporters," now dare not, it's no joke, go to jail. ”

　　Defective school system needs to be improved

In the case of Yang Ping, Xinhua noted, Fudan University, his conviction is the most important set of evidence issued by the two "notes". These two notes were later widely criticized the school teacher.

"In both cases, individual intentional crimes, or is caused by deficiencies in the school system, this is the school needs and review, but in reality it is a push, distancing themselves. "A source told the reporters:" from the crime and now has over the past four years, but the school under the management of scientific research funds built up and there is no significant improvement, it makes us cringe. ”

So, in terms of research funding after corruption cases, especially in the central inspection group after rectification advice on research funds management of Fudan University, Fudan University and what do?

Reporters from the beginning in February of this year, has been in contact with the publicity Department of Fudan University, school leaders or officials interviewed, but there has been no positive response, which had contacted the school Commission for discipline inspection, also are rejected directly.

Before Liu is responsible for three to four research projects every year, but for the last two or three years he hardly ever did. "Colleagues, in addition to the technical post promoting needed, generally don't do scientific research, although this is a piece of meat, but the risk is too big. "He said, while building up the school made no progress, but obviously strict provisions, before those items that can be reimbursed now almost been cut out, scientific research is really bad. So, now the school of scientific research development of Cliff-fall.

In August this year, the CPC Central Committee General Office of China's State Council issued a circular on further improving management of scientific research projects in the central budget funds of those opinions. Recently, CPC Central Committee Office, and China circular of the and issued has on implemented to increased knowledge value for oriented distribution policy of several views, aimed at full play income distribution policy of incentive oriented role, inspired general research personnel of enthusiasm, and initiative and creative, encourages more out results, and fast out results, and out good results, promoted technology results speed up to reality productivity into, and requirements all University according to itself actual introduced related policy.

East China University of politics and law children's teacher told reporters that the initiative encourages researchers, income distribution policy is important, but to get paid is legal according to the rules provided. To prevent chaos in the field of scientific research, must start from the law school, especially at the legislative level, China still does not have a scientific research project, approval, funding, regulatory systems of law, the absence of legislation, a direct result of research projects of the chaos.

While, he also think, on research project of management also should established integrity and disciplinary system, additional corresponding responsibility terms, in acceptance assessment in the, on has problem of project responsibility people to remember into "blacklist", recovered project funds and limit future application research project of qualification, and to this training a support enthusiasm high, and innovation force strong, and wind fresh are of University research team.

(For the protection of privacy visit the teacher, teachers surveyed in addition to case the accused are in aliases)

Drawing/Li Xiaojun

Source: legal daily

>: Tang Wu Yan

Article keywords:
Scientific research funds in universities

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中国高校科研经费乱象:科研经费腐败，建立项目靠社会关系，60%被套现|高校|科研经费_新闻资讯
>调查动机

　　最近几年，科研经费腐败一直是社会关注焦点。中国一方面要求加强科研经费管理，一方面鼓励高校科研人员多出成果。应该说，高校科研领域的问题正在一一改正过程中。然而，在高校科研环境日趋向好的背景下，个别高校的教师却出现了不敢做科研的现象。这背后是何原因？

　　　本报记者　余东明

　　年底是每个单位、每个人盘点过去一年工作的时候，对于上海复旦大学的很多老师来讲，过去一年该校科研领域的两个贪污案被定罪给他们留下了巨大阴影。“现在一般都不做科研，不知道哪天轮到自己。”近日，该校一位不愿透露姓名的老师说。

　　据悉，不久前复旦大学医学院动物实验部原主任杨萍、医学院动物实验室原正、副主任敖红和黄爱民均以贪污罪分别被判刑。从今年年初至今，《法制日报》记者一直关注这两起案件的走向，并对沪浙两地多所高校科研领域的管理现状，展开了为期10个月的调查。

　　科研项目经费支出存漏洞

　　杨萍在看守所待了3年4个月，她被释放后找到记者“喊冤”：“自始至终，我没有承认犯罪，所有科研项目从审批到完成都是按照学校规定办理，科研经费的分配和取得也严格按照学校管理办法实施，要有罪也是学校制度有罪。”

　　杨萍一审被判有期徒刑10年，二审改判为3年4个月。二审判决后的第三天，她刑满释放。然而，她的两名下属却没有如此幸运，一审分别被判10年和12年有期徒刑，二审虽改判，但至今仍在狱中服刑。

　　法院给两案定罪的理由是，利用职务便利，将应由所在部门承接相关实验服务项目的所得收益予以侵吞，而敖红和黄爱民一案又暴露出借用别人名义承接科研项目、用假发票报销套现的科研经费管理乱象。

　　“这两个案子代表了目前高校科研领域管理中的两大方面，大部分老师都像杨萍这样以学校或者部门的名义承接科研项目，然后以酬金的方式获利；小部分没有科研资质的人会像敖红、黄爱民这样借用别人名义或者其他不正当渠道找项目赚钱。但不论是哪种，在科研经费支取的实际操作中乱象丛生。”上述不愿具名的复旦大学老师告诉记者。

　　资料显示，2010年，复旦大学理工科、医科共获得各类项目1393项，到款总经费10.8亿元。另据资料显示，浙江大学2011年到款科研经费28.17亿元，总量居高校第二，其中千万级项目达到102项。从这两组数据可窥高校科研领域的经费之巨。

　　“科研项目一般分为纵向课题和横向课题，前者是拨款类项目，由上级部门或各类基金下达和资助的研究项目；后者为非拨款类项目，即向社会承接的研究项目。从数量和规模上来看，纵向课题比横向课题多得多。”这位老师透露，如果从中国高校来看，每年科研经费都得以千亿元计算。

　　“从我们审理来看，复旦大学在科研项目和经费管理上的确存在漏洞。”上海市第一中级人民法院周法官告诉记者。诚如他所言，2014年7月，中央巡视组在对复旦大学专项巡视后指出，该校科研经费管理使用混乱，违规现象突出，存在腐败风险。具体而言，从2008年至2013年，该校有25个项目在同一时间多渠道申请获得资助，属于重复申报课题；有2个项目涉及4个专利授权属于用旧专利充抵新课题成果。巡视组还要求学校对配套资金不到位、违规报销经费、未按规定退还结余经费等问题进行排查。

　　在调查中，有多名高校领导和老师告诉记者，这种案子只是高校关于科研经费管理问题的冰山一角，复旦大学存在的问题也是中国高校普遍存在的问题。如何依法严格规范管理，关系到中国科研领域的健康发展、长远发展，任重而道远。

　　立项申报不拼实力拼关系

　　记者从杨萍处获悉，复旦大学科研老师手上都有两个本子，一个酬金本，一个经费本，这是每个科研项目经费管理必备的两个记账本。按照学校和动物实验部多年来的规定和惯例，有科研资质的老师，谁承接，就由谁申报、完成和最终对经费的管理分配。杨萍承接和完成的只是其中一小部分，经费使用均记录在记账本上，然而，这最终也没能成为她洗罪的证据。

　　记者手头有一份《复旦大学理科与医科科研项目经费管理规定》，记者注意到，在该“规定”中，科研经费到学校账户后，学校收取5%的管理费和3%的科技活动费，项目负责人可提取纵向课题最高8%的酬金、横向课题40%的酬金，其余的用于实验开支。如果项目结束后经费仍有结余，项目负责人还可以提取不超过40%的劳务酬金……

　　此外，记者还取得了浙江大学和上海其他三所高校的科研经费管理办法，发现分配方案大同小异，但浙江大学规定的经费列支项目要比复旦大学的更为详细，具体为三大类13项，另外，浙江大学在今年3月又专门对横向课题经费管理作出新的规定，补充了对业务招待费用的限制。　

　　“之所以酬金的比例如此之高，就是要激发老师科研的积极性，但问题就出在经费管理环节中，由于管理过于粗放，可操作空间太大了，在巨大的利益面前，就容易滋生乱象。”复旦大学刘老师做科研多年，对业内操作了如指掌：“作为项目负责人，我所能做的就是守住自己的法律底线和道德底线。”

　　那么，多年来高校科研领域的乱象又有哪些呢？刘老师给记者做了分析。首先是立项申报，不拼实力拼“关系”。一个原本科研实力不强的人，只要当了校领导，课题马上就来，于是很多人就削尖脑袋，往上钻营。另外一些老师也纷纷利用学校的资源“跑部钱进”，拿了课题费后，甩手就给了年轻教师或学生去做。

　　其次是经费花不完，报销靠造假。每年那么多的科研经费，学校在收取了管理费后基本不控制。复旦大学更是规定，“科研经费的使用和管理由项目负责人负责”。于是，为了套现，开具假发票、编造假合同、编制假账目等手段应有尽有、防不胜防。

　　“老师变老板，项目变金库，用学生身份证冒领劳务费，把装修发票、购车发票统统入账。中国科协曾有过调查，在一些高校和研究机构，科研资金用于项目本身仅占40%左右，大量科研经费流失在项目之外。”刘老师说。

　　其三就是验收走过场，成果没人管。“有关系拿到项目的就有本事结题，花点经费，请几个专家说说好话，即便课题不怎么样，照样有机会拿优秀。”刘老师透露。

　　滕老师在上海交通大学博士毕业后留校任教，因为没有科研资质，前几年就把接来的项目放在导师名下做。“高校工资低，要赚钱就得做科研，所以大家是八仙过海各显神通。”他告诉记者，“现在普遍不敢了，这不是闹着玩的，要坐牢的。”　

　　学校制度有缺陷亟待完善

　　在杨萍案中，记者注意到，其定罪最重要的一组证据就是复旦大学出具的两份“情况说明”。这两份说明后来被该校老师广为诟病。

　　“这两个案子中，到底是个人故意犯罪，还是学校制度缺陷所致，这是学校需要面对和检讨的，但现实中学校却是一推了之，撇清自己。”一位知情人告诉记者：“从案发到现在已经过去快四年了，但学校在科研经费管理的建章立制上并没有太大改善，这让我们感到后怕。”

　　那么，在科研经费贪污案发生后，尤其在中央巡视组对复旦大学科研经费管理提出整改意见后，复旦大学又有哪些作为呢？

　　记者从今年2月开始，一直在和复旦大学宣传部联系，希望学校领导或有关部门负责人接受采访，但一直得不到正面回应，其间曾致电该校纪委书记，也被直接回绝。

　　刘老师以前每年都要负责三到四个科研项目，但近两三年来他几乎不做了。“同事中，除了职称晋升需要，一般都不做科研，这虽是块肥肉，但风险太大了。”他说，学校虽然在建章立制方面没有进展，但财务规定明显严格了，以前那些可以报销的项目现在几乎被砍光了，科研真的不好做。因此，现在学校科研发展呈断崖式下滑。

　　今年8月，中共中央办公厅、中国国务院办公厅印发了《关于进一步完善中央财政科研项目资金管理等政策的若干意见》。最近，中共中央办公厅、中国国务院办公厅又印发了《关于实行以增加知识价值为导向分配政策的若干意见》，旨在充分发挥收入分配政策的激励导向作用，激发广大科研人员的积极性、主动性和创造性，鼓励多出成果、快出成果、出好成果，推动科技成果加快向现实生产力转化，并要求各个高校根据自身实际出台相关政策。

　　华东政法大学童老师告诉记者，鼓励科研人员的积极性，收入分配政策固然重要，但合法依规地获取报酬是前提。要杜绝科研领域的乱象，还得从依法治校做起，尤其在立法层面，中国目前还没有一部关于科研项目立项、审批、经费使用、监管责任的系统法律，立法的缺失，直接导致科研项目管理的混乱。

　　同时，他还认为，对科研项目的管理还应建立诚信和惩戒体系，追加相应责任条款，在验收评估中，对有问题的项目责任人要记入“黑名单”，追回项目资金并限制未来申请科研项目的资格，并以此培养一支积极性高、创新力强、风清气正的高校科研队伍。

　　（为保护受访老师隐私，文中受访老师除案件被告人外均为化名）

　　制图/李晓军

　　来源：法制日报

>责任编辑：吴颜

文章关键词：
高校 科研经费

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