China Aerospace 2017 "small target": back from the Moon, a handful of Earth
In the past in 2016, China Aerospace had a satisfactory report card: a new generation of carrier rocket long March fifth and seventh successful first flight, Hainan Wenchang space launch site was officially put into use, Temple on the second, the 11th manned SHENZHOU mission a complete success ... ... China Aerospace launching over Russia 17 times, with 22 and the United States tied for first in the world.
In 2017, China will hit a record high. Reporters learned that China plans to implement some 30 missions, not only manned, Lunar, the big, high-grading State major science and technology continues to advance, communication satellites, remote sensing satellites, scientific experimental satellite and commercial aerospace will "bloom". China's space to do what exciting things?
Cargo ships to the temple on the second "courier"
Director of the China manned space engineering office, Wang Zhaoyao said earlier that China's first cargo spacecraft day boat first, in 2017, the first half of Wenchang in Hainan by a long seventh rocket launch into space, with the temple on the second rendezvous and docking, and adding tests such as the propellant.
Li Jian, Vice Director of Beijing Aerospace command and control center to introduce science and technology daily journalist, day boat, first is the newly designed spacecraft in China. It has two separate design of propellant tanks, not only for the temple on the second carry a tank of propellant and propellant used for their control or "assignment".
"Adding is the propellant ' slow work yields ' process takes 5 days or so. "Li Jian said, previous unmanned and manned spacecraft docking mechanism of the main circuit connection to additional fuel, cargo spacecraft with the temple on the second increases the fluid connection, but the propellant and oxidizer has different interface. Fuel feeding more than more than 30 steps required ground operation is very complex.
Day boat, first track design is also different from the earlier spacecraft. "The Shenzhou spacecraft is '28 circle of independent, 31 laps completed docking ', the entire process takes 2 days or so. "Li Jian said," cargo spacecraft is designed to be 3-5 days to complete the docking, because no one, not in a hurry, you can use more time to save fuel for attitude control. Fuel save more, can be used to add more. "He also said, the mission will be carried out in a quick connection test. At present Russia has taken the lead on the cargo ship docking enables fast, the whole process can be done in only 4 to 6. China will carry out the relevant tests, mature technology used in a manned spacecraft after docking.
After docking with the temple on the second, day work boat, first time will reach about half a year. China will carry out tests, using it to control station attitude, trajectory.
Chang fifth to be brought back from the Moon soil
Deputy Director of the China National Space Administration Wu Yanhua said recently that China will be launched before December 2017 Chang fifth probe to achieve Lunar Lander and sample return. That means China's moon exploration project "around, fall, back to" the final step of the three-step is nearing completion.
Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Member of the CST advisers ye peijian introduces Chang fifth includes orbits, returns, risers, landing four parts. After arriving in lunar orbit, the orbiter and returning players orbiting the Moon, landing at the Lunar Lander and rose. Sampling device for electric-powered by the landing on the lunar surface sample, Mount Rose is carried by container.
Then rose took off from the lunar surface, with the orbiter, the return is composed of a combination of rendezvous and docking, transferred to return samples collected after the separation. Fly combination orbiter, returning to the Earth, while at a distance of thousands of kilometres apart, finally returning to Earth.
Ao Hu, Chief Architect of China's lunar exploration project introduction, Chang fifth 8.2 tons, by the long fifth of China's current most powerful launch vehicle. The mission is expected to achieve four since China carried out space activities "the first time": automatic sampling on the lunar surface for the first time; took off from the lunar surface for the first time; the Moon 380,000 kilometers away for the first time unmanned rendezvous and docking in orbit; the first returned to Earth with Lunar soil with closest ratiocination.
Major construction projects, commercial space more flowers
In 2017, the China Aerospace project will go ahead.
Reporter learned that, China's new generation Beidou satellite navigation signal system have been identified, scheduled to be released in 2017, Beidou system global network will begin. Following the 2016 after the successful launch of 3 new generation Beidou navigation satellite, China has 22 Beidou navigation satellites in orbit, including new satellite at 7. "If by 2018 around to launch 18 new Beidou satellite, it would constitute a global constellation. "Said Ran Chengqi, China satellite navigation systems management Office Director.
Defense Science and Industry Council special projects Director Tong Xudong, high project Chief Architect said, China will be launched in 2017-high fifth satellite. -High fifth, equipped with a hyperspectral camera and multiple air detection equipment and components, will and 4-high series was launched satellite network run, further enriched China's own high resolution remote sensing data types.
In addition, China's Fengyun meteorological satellite is expected to be taboo such as family, first high throughput satellite in Star 16 communications satellite poised, hard x-ray modulation telescope satellite, Zhang Heng's first electromagnetic monitoring satellites, and practice 13th scientific satellite is expected to be launched in 2017.
Nearly two years, the rapid development of China's commercial space. In early January, Jilin first, smart video 03 star will launch at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre, joins Jilin first commercial satellite group star. This is the fastest boat 11th's first commercial rocket launches.
The end of 2016, China 0.5 meters high resolution commercial remote sensing satellite--Takakage 01 group binary star, first launched. In 2017, they will have two partners. At that time, 4 0.5 meters high resolution optical remote sensing satellite to complete network, revisited once a day will achieve any place in the world.
Within a year, aerospace science and engineering technical validation star Rainbow cloud will also be launched. After the project is completed, will allow users to any corner of the world connected to the Internet.
(,, Beijing January 2-press fuyifei)
(Editors: Biao Guo UN832)
2017-01-03 05:44:36
China News Network
中国航天2017年“小目标”：要从月球取回一捧土
在已经过去的2016年，中国航天交了一份令人满意的成绩单：新一代运载火箭长征五号、七号成功首飞，海南文昌航天发射场正式投入使用，天宫二号、神舟十一号载人飞行任务圆满成功……中国全年宇航发射次数超过了俄罗斯的17次，以22次的成绩与美国并列世界第一。
2017年，中国航天将再创新高。记者了解到，中国全年计划实施约30次发射任务，不仅载人、探月、北斗、高分等国家科技重大专项将继续推进，在通信卫星、遥感卫星、科学实验卫星以及商业航天领域也将“多点开花”。中国航天要干哪些令人期待的大事？
货运飞船要给天宫二号“送快递”
中国载人航天工程办公室主任王兆耀此前表示，中国首个货运飞船天舟一号，将于2017年上半年，在海南文昌航天发射场由长征七号运载火箭送入太空，与天宫二号交会对接，开展推进剂补加等试验。
北京航天飞行控制中心副主任李剑此前向科技日报记者介绍，天舟一号是中国全新设计的飞船。它拥有两个独立设计的推进剂储箱，不仅为天宫二号携带一箱推进剂，用于自身控制的推进剂也可以“转让”。
“推进剂补加是‘慢工出细活’的过程，需要5天左右时间。”李剑说，以前无人及载人飞船的对接机构主要是电路连接，为了补加燃料，货运飞船跟天宫二号增加了液体连接，而且推进剂和氧化剂分别有不同接口。燃料补加共有30多个步骤，所需地面操作十分复杂。
天舟一号的轨道设计也与此前飞船不同。“此前神舟飞船是‘28圈转自主，31圈完成对接’，整个过程要2天左右。”李剑说，“货运飞船的设计是3到5天完成对接，因为没人，不用很着急，可以用更多圈次来节省调姿所需的燃料。燃料省得越多，可用于补加的就越多。”他还透露，此次任务中将开展一项快速对接试验。目前俄罗斯已率先在货运飞船上实现了快速对接，整个过程仅用4到6圈就能完成。中国也将开展相关试验，技术成熟后可用于载人飞船对接。
与天宫二号对接后，天舟一号的工作时间将达到半年左右。中国将开展试验，利用它对空间站姿态、轨道进行控制。
嫦娥五号要从月球带回土壤
中国国家航天局副局长吴艳华近日表示，中国将在2017年12月前后发射嫦娥五号探测器，实现月球软着陆以及采样返回。这意味着中国探月工程“绕、落、回”三步走的最后一步即将完成。
中国航天科技集团公司五院科技委顾问叶培建院士介绍，嫦娥五号包括轨道器、返回器、上升器、着陆器四部分。到达月球轨道后，轨道器和返回器绕月飞行，着陆器和上升器在月面降落。着陆器用所搭载的采样装置在月面采样后，装入上升器所携带的容器里。
随后上升器从月面起飞，与轨道器、返回器组成的组合体进行交会对接，把采集的样品转移到返回器后分离。轨道器、返回器组合体飞向地球，在距离地面几千公里时分离，最后返回器回到地球。
中国探月工程三期总设计师胡浩介绍，嫦娥五号重达8.2吨，将由中国目前推力最大的长征五号运载火箭发射。此次任务有望实现中国开展航天活动以来的四个“首次”：首次在月球表面自动采样；首次从月面起飞；首次在38万公里外的月球轨道上进行无人交会对接；首次带着月壤以接近第二宇宙速度返回地球。
重大工程、商业航天多点开花
2017年，中国多项航天工程将继续推进。
记者了解到，中国新一代北斗卫星导航系统信号体制已经确定，计划于2017年公布，北斗系统全球组网也将拉开序幕。继2016年成功发射3颗新一代北斗导航卫星后，目前中国已有22颗北斗导航卫星在轨运行，其中新一代卫星达到7颗。“如果能在2018年以前发射18颗左右新北斗卫星，就将构成全球基本星座。” 中国卫星导航系统管理办公室主任冉承其说。
国防科工局重大专项工程中心主任、高分专项工程总设计师童旭东此前透露，中国将于2017年发射高分五号卫星。高分五号装有高光谱相机和多部大气环境和成分探测设备，将与此前发射的4颗高分系列卫星组网运行，进一步丰富中国自主高分辨率遥感数据类型。
此外，中国风云家族等气象卫星有望添丁，首颗高通量卫星中星16等通信卫星蓄势待发，硬X射线调制望远镜卫星、张衡一号电磁监测试验卫星以及实践十三号等科学卫星也有望在2017年升空。
近两年来，中国商业航天发展迅速。1月上旬，吉林一号灵巧视频星03星将在酒泉卫星发射中心升空，加入吉林一号商业卫星组星。这也是快舟十一号运载火箭的首次商业发射。
2016年年底，中国0.5米级高分辨率商业遥感卫星——高景一号01组双星升空。2017年，它们将迎来两位小伙伴。届时，4颗0.5米高分辨率光学遥感卫星完成组网，将实现全球任意地点每天重访一次。
一年内，航天科工虹云工程的首颗技术验证星也将升空。该工程建成后，能让用户在世界任意角落接入互联网。
(科技日报北京1月2日电记者 付毅飞 )
(责任编辑：郭彪 UN832)
2017-01-03 05:44:36
中国新闻网