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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/6 12:11:01 Daily on real estate price beam of uniform registration-hard to pick against corruption drop-real estate-people’s daily
Recently, the Executive meeting of the State Council decided to build real estate URS, integration will be spread out across several sectors of real estate registration responsibilities borne by the Department. This is a significant breakthrough real estate registration system in China.
Implemented decentralized registration why reform? Real estate registration will show what a profound impact on our lives? Advance real estate registration will be facing another kind of challenge? This reporter interviewed.
Decentralized registration why need to change?
Exclusive real estate information--scattered into the sector resources brings inconvenience to businesses, people, and gave some people real opportunities for decentralized registration vulnerability
A person there are a few suites, whether convenient networking queries? Sorry, still cannot do that.
Transfer House back and could not land, the housing sector, and it'll be done? I'm sorry, now, most places can't.
The same piece of land, land Department is, the Forestry Department is woodland, compensation for land expropriation disputes do? Unfortunately, can only be said at the moment, and final decisions only in court.
Need money fast, real estate mortgage bank, Bank can quickly understand your housing, State? I'm sorry, rooms, just be registered individually, with two departments, only to split up the query, you must wait a long time to bear fruit ... ...
Similar scenes play out in our lives almost daily, and the root causes of this situation is that real estate is not rational.
"The real estate registration sounds very professional, in fact, it is closely related to our life, such as land, houses, such as grasslands, woodlands and waters we're dealing often belongs to the field of real estate, real property registration is very important, it can help us clear property right, standardize the order of real estate transactions, maintenance transactions. "China's land and mineral resources Center Vice President of Legal Affairs registration division Liu Yanping said.
At present, China has practiced decentralized system of registration of real estate. Register-n what? Popular to say that is a piece of pipe in different sectors. Such as land tenure and registration of collective ownership of land by the land and resources department, registered by the Department of housing and urban-rural construction, such as home ownership, registration of forest land ownership and use by the forestry sector, water surfaces and tidal flats of the farming right registration by the fisheries sector, registration of right to use maritime space by the Marine Department. Registration enquiry has achieved more in networking, others are difficult to share information in one area.
"This pattern of decentralized registration of real property, is a product of the planned economy, is primarily intended to strengthen administration to ensure implementation, have their legitimate place. "The China land surveying and Planning Institute researcher Huang Xiaohu said, however, with the development of economy and society, real estate transactions are increasingly active, growing complexity of man-land relationships, interests, market economy on the powers and responsibilities vested in the clear, clear, strict and smooth flow of property right system to protect requires higher and higher, disperse malpractice of registered increasingly in the limelight.
On one hand, with registration work scattered across multiple departments, real estate information Department exclusive resources, have created "islands of information". Not only in enterprise, popular at the time of the relevant procedures, required across departments to run errands, and other departments in order to share information, commonly encountered procure quagmire. Moreover, decentralized registration resulted in ownership boundaries are not clear, such issues as ownership is unknown, leading to frequent disputes, which disrupted real estate transactions in the market order.
More important is that decentralized registration real estate opportunity that gave some people gaming the system vulnerability, grabbing great wealth through illegal means. In recent years, "twin sister", "Uncle", "twin sister" events have occurred, resulting in very bad influence. These decentralized registration and result in a unified information, the registration not registered, sills did not Exchange completely from the closely related to registration and management, operation and monitoring, and exposed our weaknesses on the real property registration system.
Unified registration into the sword of anti-corruption, controlled prices do?
Pinned on the unified registration of real estate--the public expectations, such as anti-corruption, controlling prices, but the current unified registration capabilities lies primarily with the real right, implementation would allow better protection of lawful property, as more of the masses
Uniform registration of real estate, a lot of people interpret it as a national stabbed an arrow in the corruption, the high prices, believing that once the unified registration, corrupt officials will have nowhere to hide, house prices also fell down. Uniform registration of real estate have so much power?
"The public looking for real property registration is understandable, but real estate is also uniform registration feature mainly of real right and guarantee transaction security, on this interpretation should not be one-sided. "Liu Yanping said.
Liu Yanping said that a lot of people think unified registration of real estate corruption, because they believe that after establishing the information query system, officials can just query the property, some automatic real estate corruption in the areas of exposure. "This understanding is a misreading, even in foreign countries, nor on the Internet who wants to see real estate information, real estate registration information query system, you must also meet the needs of protection of property rights and citizens ' privacy, reasonably determine the scope of your query, based on the query and query purposes set reasonable limits. ”
Except for queries limited, but experts also pointed out that current registration is not obligatory. If housing does not fetch the transaction after someone accepting a bribe, not completely registered. Registration can also be registered in the name of others, or obtained in violation of a number of documents for registration. In this case, rely on a uniform registration system for anti-corruption is difficult to achieve the target.
Falling house prices, real estate registration itself will be hard to play the role. Huang Xiaohu pointed out that implementation of uniform registration of real estate, to find out the real estate base, conducive to the construction of real estate taxation, property tax levy to lay a solid foundation for the future. However, determinants of house prices is complex, and a unified register and may or may not have a direct impact on the property market, it is inappropriate to place too high expectations. "But there is no denying that after registration, will help the country carry out effective macro-control on the real estate market. ”
Hard to pick against corruption and lowering prices of girders, does it mean the unified registration of real property is not important? But it's not.
"18 plenary session made it clear that allowing the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, in order to achieve this goal, property rights are fundamental prerequisites. "Huang Xiaohu said real right is an important property rights only through the unified registration of real property, clear attribution of real estate, market efficiency and security is assured, and reformed in order to promote in depth.
At the same time, uniform registration system of real estate is also a mature market economy countries fundamental property rights system. From the perspective of the practice in foreign countries, the implementation of uniform registration of real estate, will have many profound changes.
The obligee of lawful property will receive better protection. After registration, will reduce or even eliminate back, missed issues, minimize disperse registered potential risks, reduce ownership disputes, so as to protect the safety and legitimate rights and interests and maintain real property real estate transactions.
Government level and will also greatly enhance governance efficiency, people will make things easier. Real estate registration functions into one Department, helping to reduce cross sector responsibilities and fragmentation, simplifying and standardizing procedures, enhance work efficiency, reduce administrative costs, alleviate the burdens of the masses, and greatly enhance the credibility of the Government.
Unified national register a few banks?
--Play a greater role in real property registration system requires authentication complement system and credit system construction
Uniform registration of real property is significant State Department clear mandates, Division of labour and the timetable for the uniform registration of real estate, but to really implement the registration authority, registration book, registration and information platform based on "four unified" target, is not an easy task.
"Should solve the problem of the legal basis is not uniform. "Said Huang Wei, Vice President of Beijing Normal University Zhuhai campus real estate Academy, currently for the registration of immovable property, each Department will have its own legal basis and appropriate departmental regulations were introduced. "These laws, regulations and policies where many crosses, overlaps, combs the assessment as soon as possible, to adjust. ”
In addition to the legal adjustment register how to achieve reunification, is also facing big challenges. Now, the national departmental level harmonization of registration duties are clear: supervised by the Ministry of land and resources is responsible for directing the national land, houses, grasslands, woodlands, uniform registration of real estate, such as sea duty, industry management and regulatory responsibilities, such as real estate transactions continue to be borne by related departments. Experts point out that, due to these dependencies imposed by the real property register, next to the key is how to do this. "Unified registration bodies that work at the local land and resources departments, basically it is difficult to promote. "Cadastre in XI ' an city land resources Bureau Director Zhang Bo believes that must be under the supervision of the Central, clearly led by key local leaders to implement in order to break a sectoral interests blocking, real estate registration unification as soon as possible.
Top design, implementation will not take place easily. Liu Yanping said that scattered under the registration system in the past, a large number of County and municipal registration information registration Department, a lot of information is still stuck in the paper stage, even though information is complete also face problems of system parameters, data formats, and how this information can be organically in a unified platform, is no small challenge.
In addition, the real property registration system if you want to play more role in wider, you also need to fit in identity authentication system and credit system construction. At present, real estate registration still relies heavily on identity cards. If you like Shaanxi, "twin sister" Gong Aiai, a person with multiple accounts and each account is out of the formal sector, and entered within the formal system, within the system were identified as "true", then it can easily be dispersed several sets of immovable property to a different account name. Register for this hard to find out, the unified registration, national networking also does not see anything unusual. Relying on these real estate regulation registration information, such as property taxes, although more accuracy than previous national information networking, but you still may experience some degree of bias.
Relevant experts pointed out that the unified registration system of real property is a basic work, and behind it there are more fundamental identity and uniform code of social credit system. Only by ensuring that each person has only one unified credit record network ID number, the whole society, the unified registration of real property will not be a mere formality, "Gong love" type of offence will have nowhere to hide.
日前，国务院常务会议决定，建立不动产统一登记制度，将分散在多个部门的不动产登记职责整合由一个部门承担。这是中国不动产登记制度的重大突破。
实行多年的分散登记为何要改革？不动产统一登记将给我们生活带来哪些深远影响？推进不动产统一登记又将面临怎样的挑战？记者就此进行了采访。
■分散登记为何急需改变？
——分散的不动产信息成了部门独占资源，给企业、百姓带来诸多不便，还给了一些人钻不动产分散登记漏洞的机会
一个人在全国共有几套房，能否实现便捷联网查询？对不起，目前还办不到。
转让房屋，能否不用土地、住房部门两头跑，一下就办好？不好意思，现在大多数地方还实现不了。
同一块地，国土部门认定是园地，林业部门认定是林地，征地补偿时发生纠纷怎么办？很遗憾，眼下只能各说各的理，最终裁决只能上法庭。
急着用钱，到银行办理房地产抵押，银行能否迅速了解你的房、地状态？真抱歉，房、地当下是分别登记，两个部门管理，只能分头查询，必须等上很长时间才能有结果……
类似场景，几乎每天都在我们的生活中上演着，而造成这一局面的根源就在于不动产登记方式不合理。
“不动产登记听起来很专业，其实它与我们的生活息息相关，像土地、房屋、草原、林地、海域等这些我们经常打交道的都属于不动产范畴，不动产登记的作用很重要，它能够帮助我们明晰不动产产权，规范不动产交易秩序，维护交易安全。”中国土地矿产法律事务中心副总登记师刘燕萍说。
目前，我国不动产实行的是分散登记制度。何为分散登记？通俗地说，就是不同部门各管一摊。如建设用地使用权和集体土地所有权等由国土资源部门登记，房屋所有权等由住房和城乡建设部门登记，林地所有权和使用权由林业部门登记，水面、滩涂的养殖使用权由渔业部门登记，海域使用权则由海洋部门登记。登记查询有的已经实现了多地联网，有的则在一个地区内都很难信息共享。
“这种不动产分散登记的模式，是计划经济的产物，当时主要是为了加强行政管理，保证计划落实，有其合理之处。”中国土地勘测规划院研究员黄小虎说，但是，随着经济社会的发展，不动产交易活动日趋活跃，人地关系、利益关系日趋复杂，市场经济对归属清晰、权责明确、保护严格、流转顺畅的产权制度要求越来越高，分散登记的弊端日益凸显。
一方面，由于登记工作分散在多个部门，不动产信息成了部门独占资源，造成了“信息孤岛”。不仅企业、群众在办理相关手续过程中，需要在多个部门间跑腿，而且，其他部门要想共享信息资源，也常遭遇扯皮困局。另一方面，分散登记造成了权属界线不清、权利归属不明等问题，导致纠纷频发，扰乱了不动产交易市场秩序。
更重要的是，不动产分散登记还给了一些人钻制度漏洞的机会，通过违规手段攫取大量财富。近年来，“房姐”、“房叔”、“房妹”事件屡有发生，造成的影响十分恶劣。这些都与分散登记导致信息难统一，该登记的没登记、该互通的没互通，登记和管理、运行与监控完全脱离密切相关，暴露了我们在不动产登记制度上的短板。
■统一登记能成反腐、控房价的利剑吗？
——公众对不动产统一登记寄予反腐、控房价等期望，但统一登记的当前功能主要在于物权公示，实施后将使合法财产得到更好保护，群众办事更方便
对于不动产统一登记，很多人将其理解为国家刺向腐败、高房价的一支利箭，认为一旦实现统一登记，贪官就将无处遁形，房价也会应声而降。不动产统一登记真有这么大的威力？
“公众对不动产统一登记寄予厚望可以理解，但不动产统一登记的功能主要还在于物权公示和保障交易安全，对此不应片面解读。”刘燕萍说。
刘燕萍指出，很多人觉得不动产统一登记能反腐，是因为他们认为，建立信息公开查询系统后，就能随便查询官员的财产情况，一些不动产领域的腐败现象会自动暴露。“这样理解是一种误读，即便在国外，不动产信息也不可能放在网上谁想看就看，不动产登记资料公开查询制度建设，必须同时满足保护财产权和公民隐私权的需要，合理确定查询范围，根据查询主体和查询目的设置合理的界限。”
除了查询受限外，有关专家也指出，目前不动产登记并非强制。如果有人收受贿赂的房屋后不拿来交易，完全可以不办登记。就算办登记，也可以登记在他人名下，或违法取得多个证件来办理登记。这种情况下，单靠一个统一登记制度很难实现反腐目标。
至于降房价，不动产统一登记自身也很难发挥作用。黄小虎指出，实行不动产统一登记，摸清了不动产的底数，有利于房地产税制建设，为未来房产税等征收奠定坚实基础。但是，房价的决定因素是复杂的，登记上的统一，并不一定会对房地产市场产生直接影响，不宜寄予太高期望。“但是不可否认，统一登记后，会有助于国家对不动产市场进行有效的宏观调控。”
难挑反腐和降房价的大梁，是否就意味着不动产统一登记不重要了？其实不然。
“十八届三中全会明确提出，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，要想实现这一目标，产权清晰是基本前提。”黄小虎说，不动产物权是重要的财产权，只有通过不动产统一登记，明晰不动产的归属，市场交易的效率和安全才有保证，下一步改革也才能有序向纵深推进。
同时，不动产统一登记制度也是成熟市场经济国家实行的一项基本的物权制度。从国外的实践看，实行不动产统一登记，将带来诸多深层次变革。
不动产权利人合法财产会得到更好保护。统一登记后，将减少甚至杜绝重登、漏登问题，最大限度地消除因分散登记潜藏的风险，减少权属纠纷，从而保障不动产交易安全和维护不动产合法权益。
政府治理效率和水平也将大大提升，群众办事会更加方便。不动产登记职责整合为一个部门承担，有助于减少部门职责交叉和分散，简化和规范办事程序，提高办事效率，降低行政成本，减轻群众负担，大大提高政府的公信力。
■全国统一登记要迈几道坎？
——不动产登记制度发挥更大作用，需要身份认证体系和信用体系建设相配合
虽然不动产统一登记意义重大，国务院也明确了不动产统一登记的任务、分工和时间表，但要真正实现登记机构、登记簿册、登记依据和信息平台“四统一”目标，并非易事。
“法律依据不统一的问题首先要解决。”北京师范大学珠海分校不动产学院副院长黄伟说，目前对不动产进行登记，各部门都有自己的法律依据，又出台了相应的部门规章。“这些法律法规政策有不少交叉、重叠的地方，应尽快梳理评估，做出调整。”
除了法律要调整，登记机构如何顺利实现统一，也面临不小挑战。现在，国家部门层面统一登记职责已基本明确：由国土资源部负责指导监督全国土地、房屋、草原、林地、海域等不动产统一登记职责，行业管理和不动产交易监管等职责继续由相关部门承担。专家指出，由于这些不动产实行的都是属地登记，下一步关键是地方如何操作。“统一登记机构这个工作，在地方如果单靠国土资源部门，基本上很难推动。”西安市国土资源局地籍处处长张博认为，必须要在中央统一督导下，明确由地方主要领导牵头落实，才能打破部门利益阻隔，将不动产登记尽快统一。
顶层设计难，具体落实也不易。刘燕萍指出，过去在分散登记体制下，大量登记信息集中在县市级登记部门，很多信息保存方式还停留在纸质阶段，即便信息化已完成的地方也面临着系统不同、数据参数格式各异的问题，如何将这些信息有机地统一在一个平台上，是一个不小的考验。
此外，不动产登记制度要想在更大范围发挥更多作用，还需要身份认证体系和信用体系建设相配合。目前，不动产登记仍主要依赖于身份证。如果像陕西“房姐”龚爱爱那样，一个人有多个户口，而且每个户口都是从正规部门办出来的，并进入了正规系统内，在系统内被认定为“真”的，那么就可轻松将多套不动产分散到不同户口名下。登记机构对此很难查出来，统一登记、全国联网也看不出什么异常。依托这些登记信息进行房地产调控，如征收房产税等，虽然较此前全国信息不联网时更有准头，但依然可能出现一定程度的偏差。
有关专家指出，不动产统一登记制度是一项基础性的工作，而其背后还有更基础的身份证和统一社会信用代码等制度。只有确保每个人只有一个身份证号、全社会统一的信用记录能够联网，不动产统一登记才不会流于形式，“龚爱爱”式的违法行为才能无处遁形。
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