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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/6 12:11:42 Guangzhou as the first public listing of governmental authority-authority-the city of governmental authority
Guangzhou Sun power list
Development and Reform Commission, the Public Security Bureau, Department of lands have any power? Watchdog, monitoring of authority over large? Tan lines in Guangzhou power list of surprising, 3,705 executive competence matters following the publication of the power of Government to the public is no longer a mystery
| Reporter Liu Jianhua of the well-to-do in Guangzhou coverage
Development and Reform Commission is doing?
Ordinary people don't fully understand the sector, a lot of people know this is a very large sector of power. But how big, but very few people know. In Guangzhou, the powers of the national development and Reform Commission is now clear – there's only 13 items of administrative examination and approval powers.
Secrets Bureau have any administrative power to approve it? Yes, only two – carried approval, municipal and State carrier departure point of secret-involved computer office automation equipment maintenance approval.
Monitoring service? It looks like this is very powerful sectors, are in fact only a right of administrative examination and approval, called "items without bidding for the record." Yes, just for the record, wrote the notes on this power bar "processing similar messages, copy".
Does that make surprising! In the 18 identified in the third plenary session of the "introduction of a list of local governments and their departments at all levels of power system", on November 21, Deputy Secretary of the Guangzhou City Commission for discipline inspection, municipal supervision Bureau, the prevention of corruption Bureau Director Zhang Weicheng of Guangzhou e-Government Center to announce officially released the list of administrative power in Guangzhou, Guangzhou became the first publication of the Executive Branch "power list" of the city.
Of the well-to-do journalist in "Guangzhou specification publicly run executive force" online discovery, this newly opened site permissions associated with various functional departments is clear, there are queries for the convenience of the public function. Listing 48, Guangzhou, covers the levels of 3,705 units city executive competence matters.
"The power list" to inform the public of the relevant sector "can do", but some scholars said the Sun powers manifest while also hoping to bask "Services list" should also involve public inaction and excess of effective oversight functions. Guangzhou Huang Shiding, Director of the Institute of social sciences of the city management believes that clean up and expose the power list was only a first step, to cut and adjust power is the focus of reform.
Sun power and the responsibility
From Guangzhou on the published lists of executive power, administrative powers of national development and Reform Commission in Guangzhou roughly can be divided into two parts, the part is intended for enterprise, part is directed against the Government itself.
Against businesses including "domestic business investment project approval, foreign-invested projects approved (preliminary report), grain purchasing eligible licenses, issued confirmation of the enterprise's investment project, approved foreign investment projects, venture investment enterprises filing filing, business investment projects, commodity housing construction project for the record."
Against the Government include "Government investment projects (project proposal) approval, Government-invested project (feasibility study) approvals, infrastructure projects and concessions, investment projects approved range of tendering and bidding, auditing, reporting for corporate bonds approved by the tender program."
Development and Reform Commission, in fact more exercise of the rights to the legendary Titanic is approved, the approval of the work. But other administrative work closer to the services sector, such as administrative punishment right for a high level of public security departments.
"In the exercise of executive power, greater injustice than the masses of misunderstanding. "Road, haizhu district, Guangzhou City Public Security Bureau police Chang Liang-jen said to reporters of the well-off, police that a wide range of line pipe, people commonly believed that only when serious offences are involved, is shot by the police. As a matter of fact, around some of the things appear to be unrelated to public order are often within the scope of the Public Security Bureau, announced the administrative examination and approval rights and power of administrative punishment to 45 and 328 respectively.
Two days ago, Zhang Liang's once experience, quite typical of police. November 20, in a residential building in haizhu district, Guangzhou, seven households of elderly police said eight floors are always knocked on floor of the sound, affecting the rest of his family. After Zhang Liang from the police, eight-floor tenants said, because of leakage at the master is the plumbing. Master Chang Liang-jen recommended actions as gently as possible, don't affect the neighbors rest. Hostess said angrily: "I hit in my house, do you care? ”
In the eyes of ordinary people, the noise seems to be recycling business management responsibilities, not knowing that noise nuisance are also within the scope of Public Security Bureau. "Well now, police permission if people have doubts, can be exposed itself to normative administration of Guangzhou Municipality runs the online query. "Chang Liang-jen said that the Executive power issue number is gzcf06036 in Guangzhou explicitly provide that" the penalty for creating noise disturbance to normal life, "implementing entity for the Public Security Bureau. In addition, such as "productive scrap metal to buy scrap metal business acquisitions is not registered", many people think it should be carried out by the Secretary for trade and industry the punishment, in fact, that sort of punishment execution units are the Public Security Bureau.
"Published power list code for both the administrative functions of the Department, which you can also give the public a clear division of responsibilities. "Guangzhou citizens, retired veteran Li Haiqing said, a lot of people have is not clear how much power to government departments, relevant departments to law enforcement, the public is difficult to monitor, which also provided an opportunity for abuse of power of some government departments.
With this list of powers, the crowd can easily monitor the Government, power is not on the list, you can say no. Li Haiqing believes that power and responsibility should be symmetrical, world never does not undertake the responsibility of power. In practice, however, because the terms wrong, officials had abused power were given light sentences, because they do not know what cadres in exercising his powers to assume responsibility, some leading cadres will wanton abuse of power, people are often helpless.
Scholars believe that the publication of the list of powers, it shall publish a list of responsibilities that correspond to these powers, made public. Once responsibility for transparent, people will naturally clear abuses of power this is what punishment. This will not only reduce the authorities punished cadre resistance prevented the authorities from harbouring cadres of the abuse of power.
Why decentralization?
Why Guangzhou can become the first lists of public power cities?
The pressure comes more from the development of the city, on the November 22 issue of the journal of the South, published in Guangzhou power lists issued a message on the same page, more compelling is another title for your comment – "behind government service environment in inland cities of Guangzhou".
One serving North goose, author of the world's top 500 enterprises, bluntly: "the working relationship I and South China provinces, government agencies are closely linked, there is a feeling in their hearts out-Guangzhou Governments services has lagged behind some inland cities, don't improve services, will be hard to keep big business in Guangzhou! ”
In the middle of 2013, Tianjin, Guangzhou will be beyond the "Castle" reports continue to gather under the concern of public opinion in the South, raises about Guangzhou's economic, social and cultural aspects of development strategy and an in-depth discussion of the competitive gap. Guangdong provincial newspaper southern daily reported more firing nine--the theory of Guangzhou and Kowloon, guides local officials, business, popular participation in the discussion.
Secretary of the Guangdong provincial party Committee, Guangzhou Wan qingliang, in response to the "theory of Guangzhou nine", the answers that are given are: market dynamic, energetic, social dynamic.
Vigorously promote the reform of the system of commercial registration, reform became in 2013, the Guangzhou Municipal Government approval to build the key move.
And administrative power list peer of, also has Chief open of, Guangzhou Municipal this year yilai in its online do Hall provides has 1483 items business online do service, which has 571 items achieved full online handle, involves public life of has marriage, and fertility, and entrance, and medical, and employment, and housing, and traffic, area, involves enterprise operating of has registered, and years trial, and investment, and infrastructure, and certification, and tax, and environmental, area.
Guangzhou Municipal Committee, Chen Jianhua said the Mayor is "online business principle, does not act as an exception on the Web", "based on the open principle, in secret as an exception".
Published by the Guangzhou City, if you read this list of powers, you'll find, the Executive power was particularly fine.
Approval authority, most of the relevant sectors of the economy, such as the national development and Reform Commission, the economic and Trade Commission, science and Technology Bureau, and so on.
Power, most of the sectors related to urban governance, Public Security Bureau and the environmental protection agency, Department of lands, and so on.
Right to compulsory, levy, adjudication, payment, check rights and so on, "the power list" resolved the administrative law-enforcement agencies "what" questions, law enforcers must be within the scope of the law enforcement itself as bound by the law, otherwise, likewise be subject to the sanction of law. Which put an end to the current varying levels of enforcement discretion, even bending of favoritism, and played a positive role as a constraint.
"The environment behind the inland city of Guangzhou government services" in the article, author northern cities such as Chengdu, Xiangyang and geese, for example, believe their government service than Guangzhou advanced decade, "these cities from the bottom to the top of the civil service cadre, all in the city planning, they all agree that words and deeds represent the image of local government, reflects the Government's efficiency. ”
Market dynamism can be fired again in this city? Markets forced the Government to accelerate restructuring.
Local businesses, people in Guangzhou, the open city of Guangzhou have higher requirements. Get municipal government departments on the Internet enforcement mandate 5,687 is just a beginning. Publication of the list of administrative power at the same time, how to create a better business environment, providing better public services for business people to purchase, the Guangzhou Municipal Government, is more important.
广州晒出政府权力清单之后
发改委、公安局、土地局都有什么权力？保密局、监察权的权力大吗？广州市晒出政府权力清单让人大跌眼镜，3705项行政职权事项公布后，政府的权力对于公众不再神秘
文｜《小康》记者 刘建华 广州报道
发改委是干什么的？
普通民众对这个部门并不了解，很多人只知道这是一个权力非常大的部门。但具体有多大，却鲜有人知。但在广州市，发改委的权力现在很明确——他们只有13项行政审批权。
保密局有什么行政审批权吗？有，仅有两项——携运国家秘密载体出境的核准、市属及以下涉密计算机办公自动化设备定点维修维护审批。
监察局呢？看起来这是权力很大的部门，事实上只有一项行政审批权，名为“不进行招标的项目备案”。是的，只是备案，关于这项权力的备注栏里写道“办理方式类似报文形式，抄送”。
是不是让人大跌眼镜！ 在十八届三中全会明确提出“推行地方各级政府及其工作部门权力清单制度”后，11月21日，广州市纪委副书记、市监察局局长、预防腐败局局长张伟成在广州电子政务中心宣布广州市行政权力清单正式上线发布，广州成为首个公布行政部门“权力清单”的城市。
《小康》记者在“广州市规范行政权力公开运行”网上发现，这个刚刚开通的网站各个职能部门的相关权限一目了然，为了方便公众还设置了查询功能。清单涵盖了广州市48个行政单位共3705项市本级行政职权事项。
“权力清单”让公众知道相关部门“可以干什么”，但也有学者称，晒权力清单的同时也希望能晒“服务清单”，也应让公众有效监督职能部门的不作为和越权乱作为。广州市社会科学院城市管理研究所所长黄石鼎认为，清理和公开权力清单只是第一步，对权力进行削减和调整才是改革的重点。
晒权与明责
从广州市公布的行政权力清单上来看，广州市发改委的行政权力大概可以分为两部分，一部分是针对企业的，一部分则是针对政府自身的。
针对企业的包括“内资企业投资项目核准、外商投资项目核准(初审转报)、粮食收购资格许可、企业投资项目确认书核发、境外投资项目的核准、创业投资企业备案、企业投资项目备案、商品房屋建设项目备案”。
针对政府的包括“政府投资项目(项目建议书)审批、政府投资项目(可行性研究报告)审批、基建工程及特许经营项目招标方式和招标范围核准、投资项目招标方式核准、审核上报地方企业债券发行方案”。
传说中权大无比的发改委事实上更多行使的是核准、审批工作。但其他部门的行政工作更接近于服务，比如行政处罚权很高的公安部门。
“在行使行政职能权力的过程中，最大的委屈莫过于群众的误解。”广州市海珠区公安局民警张良对《小康》记者说，公安这条线上管的范围很广，老百姓一般都认为只有涉及严重违法事件时，才是警察出手的时候。而事实上，看似与公安无关的一些身边事也常常在公安局的职能范围内，此次公布的行政审批权和行政处罚权分别达到了45项和328项。
两天前，张良的一次出警经历就颇有代表性。11月20日晚上九点，在海珠区的一栋居民楼里，七楼住户的老人报警说八楼老是有敲楼板的声音，影响了他家人的休息。张良出警后，八楼的住户说，是因为水管漏水，找了师傅正在修水管。张良建议师傅动作尽量轻一点，别因此影响邻居休息。女主人气愤地说：“我在我家里敲，你管得着吗？”
在老百姓眼里，噪音似乎是环保部门管理的职责，殊不知噪音扰民也属于公安局管辖范畴。“现在好了，如果老百姓对警察的权限有疑义，可以自己到广州市规范行政权力公开运行网上去查询。”张良说，在广州行政权力事项编号为gzcf06036中明确规定“对制造噪声干扰正常生活的处罚”的执行单位为公安局。另外，如“对收购废旧金属的企业收购生产性废旧金属未如实登记”，很多人也认为应该是由工商局执行处罚，实际上诸如此类的处罚执行单位也是公安局。
“公布权力清单既有利于规范相关部门的行政职能，也能让公众清楚哪些是你部门的责任。”广州市市民、退休老干部李海清说，很多人对政府部门有多少权力并不是很清楚，相关部门如何执法，公众也很难监督，这也为一些政府部门滥用权力提供了机会。
有了这份权力清单，群众就可以方便地监督政府，对权力清单上没有的，可以说不。李海清认为，权力和责任应该是对等的，天下从来没有不承担责任的权力。但实际上，正因为职权不对等，相关官员滥用了权力，受到的处罚很轻，由于不知道干部在行使权力时要承担什么责任，有些领导干部会肆无忌惮地滥用职权，老百姓却往往无可奈何。
相关学者认为，在公布权力清单的时候，还应当公布这些权力相对应的责任清单，让社会公众监督。一旦责任透明，群众自然就会清楚滥用权力者该受到什么处罚。这不但减少有关部门处罚干部的阻力，也使有关部门无法包庇滥用权力的干部。
为什么要放权？
广州为什么能成为第一个公开权力清单的城市？
更多的来自于这座城市发展的压力，11月22日出版的《南方日报》上，在刊登广州公布权力清单消息的同一版面上，更引人注目的是另一篇评论的标题——“广州政府服务环境落后于内陆城市”。
一位服务于世界五百强企业的作者北雁，直言不讳地说：“由于工作的关系，我与华南多个省市的政府机关都有密切联系，有一个感受压在心头不吐不快——广州的政府服务已经落后于一些内陆城市了，再不改善服务，广州将很难留住大企业！”
在2013年中，关于广州将被天津超越“第三城”的报道，不断聚集于南方舆论的关注之下，引发了关于广州经济、社会、文化各个方面的发展战略与竞争差距的深入讨论。广东省委机关报《南方日报》更是连发九篇报道——《广州九论》，引导当地官员、企业、民众参与探讨。
广东省委常委、广州市委书记万庆良在回应“广州九论”时，给出的答案是：市场要有活力、政府要有活力、社会要有活力。
大力推进商事登记制度的改革、审批事项改革由此成为2013年广州市政府打造活力的关键之举。
与行政权力清单同行的，还有政务公开化，广州市政府今年以来在其网上办事大厅提供了1483项业务网上办事服务，其中有571项实现全程网上办理，涉及市民生活的有婚姻、生育、入学、医疗、就业、住房、交通等领域，涉及企业经营的有注册、年审、投资、基建、认证、缴税、环保等领域。
广州市委副书记、市长陈建华的说法是要“网上办事为原则，不在网上办事为例外”，“以公开为原则，以不公开为例外”。
如果细读广州市公布的这份权力清单，就会发现，行政权力分得特别细。
审批权，大部分跟经济相关的部门，如发改委、经贸委、科技局等有关。
处罚权，大部分跟城市治理有关的部门，如公安局、环保局、土地局等有关。
强制权、征收权、裁决权、给付权、检查权等等，“权力清单”解决了行政执法部门“干什么”的问题，执法者必须在法律的范围内执法，自身同样受到法律的约束，否则，同样要受到法纪的制裁。这对于杜绝目前不同程度的执法上的随意性，乃至枉法徇私，起到了很好的约束作用。
在“广州政府服务环境落后于内陆城市”一文中，作者北雁举成都、襄阳等城市为例，认为其政府的服务意识比广州先进十年，“这些城市从基层公务员到高层干部，都是为这个城市在谋划，他们都认为一言一行代表着当地政府的形象，体现了政府的效率。”
这座城市的市场活力能否被重新激发？市场在倒逼政府加快转型。
广州当地的企业、民众，对于广州这座开放的城市有着更高的要求。在网上晒出市政府各部门执法职权5687项仅仅只是一个开始。行政权力清单公布的同时，如何营造更好的商业环境，为企业市民购买提供更充足的公共服务，对于广州市政府来说，才更为重要。
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