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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/6 12:12:28 Ladder water price reforms will be implemented nationwide， experts say not just price-the reform of water price in ladder-
18 proposed accelerating the third plenary session of "hydro oil and gas" in areas such as price reform, industry for many years has made slow progress the water price reform is expected to increase. Earlier this year issued the notice on issues relating to water resources fee collection standards, water price reform of national development and Reform Commission will launch a new round of rushing off.
On December 3, the people familiar with 21st century business Herald reporters, national development and Reform Commission recently issued a notice on standard water price in ladder in order to alter the existing policy is too broad.
"Water price reform direction of the residential water introduce stepped water price, water exercise over standard progressive fare system, in addition to the agricultural water price adjustment. "The people, the new policy as an important part of the water price reform would further develop water resources pricing leverage, covered by the basic water consumption reduction, expansion of spreads between the ladder and the price ratio.
Current water price pricing primarily by city, County, and after the reform steps and water prices will be implemented nationwide, but specific programmes will be arranged locally according to the actual situation. Water companies, how to implement the new deal remains a complicated process of marketization.
"Although the ' water ' came in first, but it is difficult to advance the largest. "The NDRC price Department said.
Ladder between water price reform
NDRC price Department in conjunction with the Institute of economic system and management of a recent joint survey 484 cities across the country, implement ladder price a total of 133, represents only a sample of the 27.5%.
NDRC's Institute of economic system and management of scientific research management office, Ji Pengcheng to the 21st century business Herald reporter, stepped water price of urban residents in the first step is to ensure that the basic water, but the water situation is the Basic is available in 95% per cent of the population, the vast majority of users are within its scope, resulting in water price in ladder did not play the role of water-saving. The basic orientation of the reform is to guarantee basic living water at reasonable prices, and remain relatively stable, but the General level of prices to reflect the cost of water, more water burden, adjusted according to the situation on the ground.
These people described, the new policy would reduce the coverage of basic water, adjust gradually from the current 95% to 80%. In guaranteeing the basic living water, the price is affordable and at the same time, promote water conservation.
"We proposed was 70%," the 21st century business Herald journalists said, "development and Reform Commission, taking into account the capacity of residents, however, increased to 80%".
According to the municipal water supply on price control, the majority of current city follows the three-tier ladder Price relations for guidance on 1:1.5:2.
"Absolute price differences and comparison between the three steps are too small and need to pull in the future, should be 1:2:5. "These people say that" high-income households on the price of water has a strong sustainability, thus widening price gap between second ladder is necessary. ”
He said, resulting in new revenue in addition to cover the cost of water enterprises, transforming the Special Fund will also be established.
Ji Pengcheng introduced water price reform would also involve future ladder linkage mechanism, water pricing and cost of water price adjustment cycle. Water supply cost and related information will be established regular reporting system, water supply, water supply cost of pre-trial costs certification system, ensure fair open price linkage.
Reform cannot alone raise water prices
Odake Advisory Jin Yongxiang, General Manager of the 21st century business Herald reporters, from raw water, water supply, sewage treatment, three links, water supply prices do not hinder the development of market-oriented water. Due to raise water prices could spark public discontent, working to advance slowly.
Price Department of the NDRC also said the water price reform is slow, not because authorities were not working hard, there are also consumer acceptance problems. From the perspective of water enterprises profits as high as you can, but the water is not a simple commodity, not fully thought reform according to market principles.
"Kowloon water" system, outside water, local water, surface water, groundwater, water recycling, desalination of sea water by different sectors, such as the management and disposition of water resources in so many types of arrangements are not simple accounting issues. It also laid the basis of the complexity of water supplies, not only by raising the price of water.
"The water price reform of road, although it is difficult to walk, but certainly want to go on. "The price Division said. He said that step electricity prices after the implementation of, national development and Reform Commission research on perfecting water price in ladder, that imposed on residential water price in ladder, super imposed on production quotas of a progressive increase, implement these systems, water resources pricing leverage can come into play.
Over standard progressive increase is similar in concept to a water price in ladder, ladder water price in the country, which will be the focus of future water pricing reform.
Above price estimate, Super fixed progressive fare system can play a greater role on water-saving, but also water management means a higher calling. For example, how to set production quotas, production companies use online monitoring instrument can meet regulatory requirements.
In addition, agricultural water price adjustment was also one of the water price reform direction. These people did not disclose details, but said this is the hardest part of water pricing reform, involving regional differences, food security, the Central and local coordination and other aspects of the problem.
"The direction of the reform have been identified, but the specific path of reform is certainly not the same, and also combined to push hard to have national applicable mode of. "The members of the NDRC's price Department said. (Editor Xu Wei Rotary)
Source: the 21st century business Herald
十八届三中全会提出加快推进“水电油气”等领域的价格改革，业界对推动多年却进展缓慢的水价改革预期加大。继年初发布《关于水资源费征收标准有关问题的通知》，国家发改委又将发起对水价改革新一轮的冲关。
12月3日，知情人士对21世纪经济报道记者表示，发改委将在近日下发有关规范阶梯水价的通知，以改变相关政策过于宽泛的现状。
“水价改革的方向将是居民生活用水实行阶梯水价、生产用水实行超定额累进加价制度，此外还有农业用水价格的调整。”该人士介绍，新政策作为水价改革的重要组成部分，将进一步发挥水资源价格的杠杆作用，减少基本用水量覆盖的比例、扩大阶梯间的价差和价格比例。
目前水价主要由市、县来定价，在确定改革方向后，阶梯水价将在全国推广，但具体的方案还将由地方根据实际情况安排。对于水务企业来说，市场化新政如何落实仍是一个复杂的过程。
“虽然把‘水’排在了第一位，但推进的难度也是最大的。”国家发改委价格司相关人士说。
阶梯水价改革将至
国家发改委价格司会同经济体制与管理研究所近期的一项联合调查显示，全国484个城市，实行阶梯水价的共133个，只占调查样本的27.5%。
国家发改委经济体制与管理研究所科研管理处处长姬鹏程对21世纪经济报道记者介绍，阶梯水价的第一阶梯是保证城市居民的基本用水量，但现状是基本水量覆盖了95%以上的居民，绝大多数用户都在其范围内，致使阶梯水价没能发挥出节水的作用。改革的基本取向是，保障基本生活用水价格合理，并维持相对稳定，但价格总水平要反映用水成本，多用水多负担，各地根据当地实际情况进行调整。
上述知情人士介绍，新政策将缩小基本水量的覆盖范围，从目前的95%逐步调整到80%。在保障居民基本生活用水、价格负担得起的同时，促进节约用水。
“我们提出的比例是70%，”该人士对21世纪经济报道记者说，“但发改委考虑到居民的承受能力，提高到了80%”。
根据《城市供水价格管理办法》，当前大多数城市遵循三级阶梯比价关系为1∶1.5∶2的指导意见。
“三个梯级间的绝对价差和比价都太小，未来也要拉开，大致应为1∶2∶5。”上述人士说，“高收入户对水价具有较强承受力，因而拉大二、三级阶梯之间的价格差距十分必要。”
他表示，由此产生的新收入在弥补水务企业的成本之外，还将建立水表改造的专项资金。
姬鹏程介绍，未来阶梯水价改革还将涉及水价与成本联动机制、水价调整周期。为此将建立供水成本及相关资料定期报告制度、供水企业成本预审制度、供水企业成本认证制度，保证价格联动的公平公开。
改革不能仅靠提高水价
大岳咨询有限公司总经理金永祥对21世纪经济报道记者表示，从原水、供水、污水处理三个环节来看，供水价格不到位阻碍了水务市场化的发展。而由于上调供水价格可能引发公众的不满，所以相关工作推进缓慢。
有国家发改委价格司的人士也表示，水价改革推进较慢，并非因主管部门不努力，也有消费者接受程度的问题。从水务企业的角度来讲利润越高越好，但水不是简单的商品，不能完全按市场化的原则思考改革。
而且在“九龙治水”的体制下，外调水、本地水、地表水、地下水、中水回收、海水淡化等都由不同的部门管理，这么多水资源类型的合理配置安排已经不是简单的成本核算问题。这也就奠定了水务复杂性的基础，不能仅仅靠提高水价。
“水价改革的路虽然很难走，但肯定要走下去。”该价格司人士说。他表示，阶梯电价实行后，国家发改委对完善阶梯水价进行了调研，认为对居民用水实行阶梯水价、对生产用水实行超定额累进加价，这些制度落实好的话，水资源的价格杠杆作用就能得以发挥。
超定额累进加价在概念上与阶梯水价相似，如果阶梯水价在全国推行，其将成为未来水价改革的重点。
上述价格司人士预计，超定额累进加价制度能够对节水发挥更大的作用，但对水务管理手段也提出了更高的要求。比如，如何科学制定生产用水定额、对生产企业用水量的在线监测手段能否满足监管要求等。
此外，农业用水价格的调整也是水价改革的方向之一。上述人士并未透露具体内容，但表示这是水价格改革最难的环节，涉及区域差异、粮食安全、中央与地方协调等多方面问题。
“改革的方向已经确定了，但各地改革的具体路径肯定不一样，还得结合情况来推开，很难有放之全国而皆准的模式。”国家发改委价格司人士说。(编辑徐炜旋)
来源：21世纪经济报道
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