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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/6 12:15:55 Wells in the city and rescue challenge， expert calls for strengthened social fallback-rescue-city
Recently, an "underground dwelling" news caused many users concerned. After visiting more than 10 locations in the vicinity of underground discovery, each burrowing manhole covers have two exits leading to the ground, on the average less than 6 square meters of "snail House" space, Dumping all kinds of daily necessities, such as leftover buns, bedding, shoes, umbrellas, clothing, candles, and more. The morning of December 6, is located near the South Gate of Chaoyang District Lido Plaza, more hot wells, many hotel workers used cement plugging the wellhead. Xinhua reporters j photo shoot
CNS, Beijing, December 7 (reporter Kan Feng)-recently, on "the underground dwelling" discussion of news that urban social assistance. Expert analysis, temporary relief of cities cannot be fundamentally resolved "stuck" at a time of reform of China's opening of a new ride, "well" again, to strengthen community "fallback system", safeguard social fairness and justice.
"Well," urban rescue questioned
At the South Gate of Chaoyang District Lido Plaza near the pit, poor less than 3 square metres of space, live some people go out during the day to make a living, night resting under. Among them, have not only become the cleaner there to pick up waste-dependent elderly people living alone, there are tenants in this "well" for 20 years.
Beijing's downtown area, underground life for 20 years, saving money for children to study, sleep under at night ... ... News keywords for this series in contrast to leave "home" quickly became Internet buzzwords, they live more than 10 years of "home" is quickly attracted to the city administration, the police and the crowd of journalists.
According to media reports, several wellhead 6th was sealed by relevant departments, well things were also pulled out. One law enforcer said, at 5 in the morning, carrying valuables left in living well.
In addition, the 6th, Chaoyang District shelter staff waiting around underground steam wells located near Lido Hotel. Staff said that they will wait for people living in the underground and to help out.
Reporters at the scene saw to rescue has many warm coat in the car. Deputy Director of Chaoyang Civil Affairs Bureau surnamed Zhao said, are committed to help people living in the underground, but voluntary principles to be followed. According to another site, save the long wait this is not realistic, and hope Members of the public to find clues in contact with rescue station.
Lived for 20 years to help relevant departments were doing earlier? Well not skill, why don't they provide shelter? Why the "home ownership" better urban guerrilla war than go to the shelter? …… Clearly, law enforcement agencies "shut off" the asking of difficult to cover up why do netizens for urban rescue failure.
Expert: temporary bailout will not solve the underlying problem
10 years ago, China has a new "package management" instead of housing and repatriation system. New approach to aid management, basic principles of voluntary aided, save the main lock city of vagrants and beggars without any assured living source, including due to their own inability to address the Board, without friends and family take refuge, nor does it enjoy the urban subsistence security or rural five guarantees, is wandering the city begging for a living person.
"Under the existing relief management approaches, it is clear that these migrant workers during the day, night city workers do not rescue range, in addition to those themselves who, they also do not want to see themselves as homeless to accept help. "The Secretary-General of the Centre for social policy studies of CASS Tang Jun interview with a Xinhua reporter on the road.
In fact, in recent years, the current relief schemes covered relatively narrow in scope, legal aid and social assistance demand gap also is considered a widespread concern, the Ministry of Civil Affairs also has said it will explore relaxing relief and standards.
However, the rescue action challenged the city at the same time, in aid of the city's actual work, relief workers also complained that many more "refused to help," phenomena, so that my work appeared "dilemma" awkward. Media for the city "home" coverage, a number of "home" made it clear that would not accept it, even with the Chengguan officers "guerrilla war".
Reported in the night "," Wang Xiuqing, day make money to feed three children reading about the reasons she refused to go to the shelter: "saving if we are a family of five can save, rescue me, the family didn't eat or drink. ”
"The bailout is, after all, temporary, and their difficulty lies in long-term livelihoods, shelter can make them for a little while, ' emergencies ', but where they go after it? "Tang Jun, even after adjusting for current relief management policies, coverage expands its rescue, also could not be given" ownership "in the long run help.
"Well," trapped farmer?
As experts say, temporary relief of cities may not solve these "ownership" fundamental livelihood issues, but for the people who stay at home with bottom heating pipes every day, the relevant functional departments cannot stand idly by.
"On a voluntary basis, the ' home ' If you do not want to go to the shelter, related departments are ready, but also cannot stand idly by while these people had been living in the pit, for security reasons, should ensure their basic life security. "Tang Jun said.
Director of the Research Office of the Chinese Academy of social sciences in economic and social construction of Zhong Jun, "well" has a background of social polarization and urban-rural disparities underscore, in the long run, in order to fundamentally solve the "home ownership" stuck, need science to advance the process of urbanization, as well as the gradual improvement of the social security system.
Zhong Jun to Beijing reporter on road, and aimed at "emergency" of city rescue system compared to, more should do of work including: while, practical accelerated perfect in urban and rural areas residents minimum life guarantees system, guarantee city low-income groups social security of full cover, played social security system of fallback effect; on the, steadily advance population mobile of "gradient town of", town of should in rural, and small city, and medium City between and the big city between ordered gradient advance, seeks to reduced poverty population directly entered big city Hou of wealth drop, "This work is important to the reduction of urban poverty populations. ”
Also, Zhong Jun said, for vulnerable groups rescue and guarantees, Government also should through purchased public service of way, full foster charity class social organization and full mobilization these social organization of enthusiasm, "for social rescue, sometimes Government work resources limited, efficiency lower, needs city volunteer organization, and charity class social organization of active participation, while to efforts create throughout social of care atmosphere, this should is established long-term social rescue mechanism of important aspects. ”
18 Party Congress stressed that the third plenary session, to focus on better safeguarding and improving people's livelihood and promote social equity and justice reform of social system. Chinese Premier Li keqiang last November also stressed that sound as old-age pension, basic medical care and social assistance systems, building mutual convergence, running effective and protect the destitute masses fallback system to prevent impact socio-psychological bottom line of events occur frequently, the fruits of reform and development to benefit all the people.
In the expert's view, deepen reforms in China at the curtain, "well" again, to strengthen community "fallback system", accelerating social reform. "Reform and opening up, social reforms lagged behind economic reform ' reform of inner wheel difference ' highlights, some of the interests of vulnerable groups, it is urgent to deepen the reform of the social security system. "Zhong Jun as saying. (End text)
近日，一则“井下蜗居”的消息引起众多网友关注。经过探访附近十多处井下发现，每个穴居井盖有两个出口通向地面，在平均不足6平米的“蜗居”空间里，堆置着各类生活用品，例如吃剩的馒头、用过的被褥、衣服、蜡烛、球鞋、雨伞等等。图为12月6日上午，位于朝阳区丽都广场南门附近的多个热井，不少酒店工作人员用水泥封堵井口。中新网记者 金硕 摄
中新网北京12月7日电(记者 阚枫)近日，一则关于“井下蜗居”的新闻引发社会对于城市救助的讨论。专家分析，临时性的城市救助无法根本解决“井居之困”，在中国开启改革新程之际，“井居现象”再次提醒，须强化社会“兜底制度”，保障社会公平正义。
“井居现象”引来城市救助质疑
在北京市朝阳区丽都广场南门附近多处井下，不足3平米的简陋空间里，住着一些白天外出谋生、晚上下井休息的人。在他们之中，不仅有正值壮年的洗车工，还有以捡废品为生的独居老人，有住户已在此“井居”20年。
北京繁华地带、井下生活20年、省钱供孩子读书、晚上下井睡觉……新闻中这一连串反差较大的关键词让“井居者”迅速成为网络热词，他们居住十余年的“家”也迅速引来了城管、警察以及记者的围观。
根据媒体报道，几处井口6日已被相关部门封死，井内东西也被掏出。其中一位执法者称，早上5点多在此看到，有住井者携带值钱物品已经离开。
此外，6日15时许，北京市朝阳区救助站工作人员来到位于丽都饭店附近的地下蒸汽井周边守候。工作人员说，他们将在此等候原本居住在井下的人并提供救助。
记者在现场看到，救助车内有许多御寒棉衣。北京市朝阳区民政局一赵姓副局长表示，会全力救助居住在井下的人，但需遵循自愿原则。另据现场工作人员表示，救助车长期守候在此并不现实，为此希望广大市民发现线索后及时与救助站联系。
住了20年才来救助，相关部门早干嘛去了？封井不是本事，怎么不给他们提供住所？为何“井居者”宁愿与城管打游击也不愿去救助站？……显然，执法部门的“封井”难以掩盖网友对于城市救助为何失灵的追问。
专家：临时救助解决不了根本问题
10年前，中国以新的“救助管理办法”取代收容遣送制度。新的救助管理办法中，自愿受助成为基本原则，救助对象也主要锁定城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员，包括因自身无力解决食宿，无亲友投靠，又不享受城市最低生活保障或者农村五保供养，正在城市流浪乞讨度日的人员。
“根据现行救助管理办法，显然这些白天外出务工、晚上下井居住的城市打工者不在救助范围，此外，这些自食其力的打工者，他们也不愿把自己当成流浪者接受救助。”中国社会科学院社会政策研究中心秘书长唐钧接受中新网记者采访时谈道。
其实，近年来，现行救助办法覆盖范围偏窄，法定救助对象与社会救助需求的脱节问题也被舆论广泛关注，民政部门亦已表示将探索放宽救助范围和标准。
然而，城市救助实际效果遭受质疑的同时，在城市救助的实际工作中，救助工作人员也在抱怨，多来越多“拒绝救助”的现象，让自己的工作出现“两难”尴尬。在媒体对于北京“井居者”的报道中，一些“井居者”就明确表示不愿接受救助，为此甚至与城管人员“打游击”。
报道中，晚上“井居”、白天赚钱供养三个孩子读书的王秀清就谈到自己拒绝去救助站的原因：“要救助就连我们一家五口都救助了，救助我一个，一家人没吃喝。”
“救助毕竟是临时性的，而他们的困难在于长远的生计问题，救助站能让他们住一段时间‘救急’，但是以后他们去哪呢？”在唐钧看来，即使调整现行的救助管理政策，扩大救助对象范围，也无法给予“井居者”长远的帮助。
“井居”之困何以破题？
正如专家所言，临时性的城市救助可能解决不了这些“井居者”的根本生计问题，但是对于这些天天与井底热力管道生活在一起的人们，相关职能部门不能袖手旁观。
“根据自愿原则，‘井居者’如果不愿去救助站，相关部门则不能强求，但相关部门也不能坐视这些人一直生活在井下，出于安全考虑，应切实保障他们基本的生命安全。”唐钧说。
在中国社会科学院经济与社会建设研究室主任钟君看来，“井居现象”有着社会贫富分化和城乡差距凸显的大背景，从长远来看，要想从根本上解决“井居者”之困，需要城镇化进程的科学推进以及社会保障体系的逐步完善。
钟君向中新网记者谈道，与旨在“救急”的城市救助制度相比，更应该做的工作包括：一方面，切实加快完善城乡居民最低生活保障制度，保证城市低收入群体社会保障的全覆盖，发挥社会保障制度的兜底效应；另一方面，稳步推进人口流动的“梯度城镇化”，城镇化应在农村、小城市、中等城市间及大城市间有序梯度推进，力求减少贫困人口直接进入大城市后的贫富落差，“这是减少城市赤贫人群的一项重要工作。”
此外，钟君表示，对于弱势群体救助和保障，政府还应通过购买公共服务的方式，充分培育慈善类社会组织并充分调动这些社会组织的积极性，“对于社会救助，有时候政府工作资源有限，效率较低，需要城市志愿组织、慈善类社会组织的积极参与，同时要努力营造整个社会的关爱氛围，这应是建立长效社会救助机制的重要方面。”
中共十八届三中全会强调，要紧紧围绕更好保障和改善民生、促进社会公平正义深化社会体制改革。中国国务院总理李克强今年11月也强调，完善养老保险、基本医疗、社会救助等制度，构建相互衔接、运行有效、保障特困群众的兜底制度，防止冲击社会心理底线的事件频繁发生，使改革发展成果惠及全体人民。
在专家看来，在中国全面深化改革大幕拉开之际，“井居现象”再次提醒，须强化社会“兜底制度”，加快推进社会改革。“改革开放以来，社会改革滞后于经济改革的‘改革内轮差’凸显，部分弱势群体利益受损，社会保障制度的改革亟待全面深化。”钟君称。(完)
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