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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/8 8:34:33 4 g networking puzzle： move troubles， China Unicom had a headache，
4 g networking puzzle: move troubles -4G headache, China Unicom, China Unicom, China Mobile, China Telecom-IT information 4 g networking puzzle: move troubles, China Unicom headache
4G licenses issued, operators in the market of the relative calm in the past to stir up enthusiasm for a new round of network. The afternoon of December 4, LTE FDD (hereinafter FDD) issued with licences will eventually end with TD-LTE licence. China Unicom and China Telecom are no longer fantasies "gift from God", they had to jump into mobile roll up "Eddy".
Only the previous day, China Unicom Vice President Zhang Junan publicly expressed their support for TD-LTE, "we are actively studying the development of TD-LTE, will be implemented in future to provide users with relevant 4G mobile access. "This is the first time China Unicom TD-LTE endorsement, it now seems, that might be a signal that is missing.
Well known is that China Unicom is natural evolution path 4G FDD, rather than dominated by China Mobile TD-LTE. China Telecom is also similar, although the FDD nor the natural evolutionary path, but technically simpler than a horse, TD-LTE. TD-LTE for them, is like "chicken ribs". This is a national independent intellectual property rights, related departments naturally do not want to see the two get the FDD after the licence, TD-LTE don't ask.
But the reporter learned that even so, China Unicom, also is ready for 4G marketing solution, once China Mobile started to "war", they will actively fight. After December 18, there will be a point in time early, it is mobile, 4G brand new day.
This is the "Hobson". On one hand, miit has already been demonstrated, no TD-LTE, no FDD, longer and delay, China Unicom, the more passive, on the other, has been TD-LTE band resources must not be wasted, but globally, both mixed network is a big trend, the early deployment of no harm.
But network problem of objectivity, "domestic realities 4G band available now only high-frequency (internationally widely used 700MHz by 4G low frequency in the country was assigned to a radio broadcast band), this means the base station are several times more than the 2G network, you need to invest hundreds of millions of. Freely said that China Unicom has been unable to build a complete network of 4G. "The Marketing Department of the company Ge Changwei, Zhejiang, China Mobile said.
To build or not to build? If you build, how to build it? China Unicom to get a headache. And China Telecom is more trouble, its 3G format simply cannot be achieved with TD-LTE networks to interoperate. In other words, even in TD-LTE, both networks are independent of each other, no way to use it.
TD-LTE the "to do" just in front of a, although with far from expectations, China Unicom and China Telecom still do it anyway.
"To do"
Two strategies are very different.
Upgrade China Telecom's 3G network space is small, so they have to rely on the 4G network. At the end of October this year, for the first time in 4G communication equipment, 60,000 out of nearly 50,000 base station FDD base stations, more than 10,000 TD-LTE base stations, for about 4:1.
News, initially reported to the Ministry by the China Telecom network scenarios, the TD-LTE is less than 10% per cent, there is no doubt that was rejected. The second reported scenario, less than 30% per cent, almost is negatived. That reveals the network of China Telecom group logic, even if there are political risks, it is still also choose big positions in FDD.
This reporter learned from China Telecom, on the 4G this year has been raised to 10 billion yuan in investment, which plans to spend 45.7 billion yuan next year, FDD will be even higher.
In March of this year, China Telecom Chairman Wang Xiaochu, give yourself a "post", "China Telecom want FDD licence, but if government departments do not, then we may consider providing rental network of China Mobile. "So, combined with the tender result, rental of TD-LTE networks of China Telecom is almost a foregone conclusion.
China Unicom is to put more resources into its 3G network, JP Morgan research report released in June said that China Unicom will continue to invest to 3G instead of 4G investment, "Unicom 30% 3G network utilization, network speed and the ability to be from 21MBPs (megabits per second) up to 42Mbps, so there's no need to build 4G. "As of the end of October, 3G users of China Unicom has reached 115 million, which is considered to be countered and China Mobile capital.
City of Guangdong in China Unicom, 42Mbps networks have become common, even China Unicom after insiders at 4G licensing, Guangdong UNICOM network upgrades 3G to 44Mbps network, this is par and China Mobile's TD-LTE network. China Unicom is to focus on the idea of city 4G network to compensate for the gaps in data services, voice and data services in most parts of the country still depends on the 3G network. This logic allows it on the 4G vision has vacillated from within comes a preselection programme, is to invest 10 billion yuan to build 31,000 4G base station, while the other is investing 5 billion yuan to build 16,000 4G base station.
But the just-concluded Telecom 4G tender, greatly influenced China Unicom already began the first round of the 4G bidding. It had planned to build TD-LTE base stations is 15,000-20,000, seeing China Telecom "bold" after the tender results, China Unicom's interim tendering scale down to 10,000.
China Unicom is not so nervous as China Telecom. Internal evaluation of their networks, they concluded that "2G+3G+4G" the China Unicom network will remain in existence, and has the most mature 4G (meaning next FDD) network and the most sophisticated 3G network of China Unicom's core competitiveness. Because work best and 4G the switch, user perception is the speed difference is minimal. "Tariff of China Unicom will have more free space, FDD-building and advocacy, you can implement 3G to meet the needs of large medium-speed Internet customers with 4G satisfy high-speed Internet customers, and then 3G the tariff advantages continue to acquire large amounts of memory 2G customer resources. "China Unicom senior marketing specialist Gao Douzhu said perhaps they compete with China Mobile's tactics in the future.
Next step, but for TD-LTE the matter of "political task", China Unicom and China Telecom are still enough work to be done.
China Telecom on October 18 after got a permit from miit 4G experimental network, quickly in regions such as Guangdong, Shanghai, Nanjing, began the experiment, and consciously strengthens both mixture network testing. After 61 cities, on a larger scale, China Telecom has quietly increased the proportion of single-FDD network testing, even higher than the number of hybrid networking experiment.
China Unicom in the FDD in secret experiments, but it was never going to tell foreign. Publicly available information only shows it is already in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities began the 4G experimental network tested one or two line, based largely on the TD-LTE.
Of course, maybe two was too cautious on the FDD. Including communication world editor-in-Chief Yang Haifeng, a lot of people in the industry believe that Government does not demand for China Unicom's nationwide deployment of TD-LTE, most first-tier cities and provincial capitals, "China Unicom should also be started as soon as possible, it can be considered to account to the Government, urged the Government to FDD issued a licence as soon as possible. ”
Move troubles
China Mobile did not want to give the other two too many chances, although denied sales agreement with Apple, but generally agreed that won Apple is just a matter of time. Guangzhou moved even in the handful of local brokerage house launched iPhone5s and iPhone5c a free upgrade using the network of China Mobile and 3G services.
China Mobile network does not exist issue, according to last year's annual report, its competitor China Unicom was more than 10 times the amount of profits, is China Telecom's 8 times more than doubled. Only this year, it has invested 41.7 billion yuan to support the construction of TD-LTE base station, reportedly will cover more than 500 million people and more than 300 cities.
But its Achilles ' heel may be important factors in China Unicom came from behind, that's smart terminal. After all, 222 commercial LTE network worldwide, only 23 TD-LTE network business, and the rest were mostly FDD. This means that if China Unicom got the FDD's licence, then the popular smartphones on the market can be used for it.
So, in this interval, and especially when the other two are still grappling with network problems, China must seize the time of construction of the wall.
Recently, outgoing mobile next year "v model" standard has been reduced to "tri-mode". Five die before the Terminal is a means to support TD-LTE, FDD, TD-SCDMA, WCDMA, GSM five communication modes, but since most of the chip manufacturers are unable to meet the technical standards, was dominated by Qualcomm on a purchase 80% shares.
It greatly influences the cost of smartphones, because only Qualcomm and Huawei sea idea with this technology. Next year if China Mobile would like to promote 4G thousands of smartphones on a large scale, so we'll have to cut the demand for chips, so as to include Broadcom, Marvell, Andrew, mediatek, which can support three to four model maker ingress.
Even news that China Mobile will take the initiative to apply for FDD licences in order to solve the problem of insufficient number of terminals. In the 3G era, it has experienced such an awkward, it's no good Terminal, resulting in no one TD, this directly affects the enthusiasm of optimized network of China Mobile.
And China Mobile to be Telecom restructuring in preparation for the fifth time. Previous reorganization did not achieve the desired results, China Mobile, though not in the 3G era, expansion of advantage, but remains one true superpower. 4G of first-mover advantage will make it regain the commanding heights, it's related departments do not want to see. Many signs indicate that may expose problems in the process of networking, telecommunications restructuring opportunities.
Answer questions about when will once again give rise to duplication and waste of resources, the Ministry of people's answer was: "will further promote the three operating companies work sharing, encourage and guide enterprises through the combination of rent building way 4G network. ”
But in today's competitive landscape, leased the base station is a fantasy, let alone to build a network. "It must rely on the power of the State to promote. "Such a view even within the carriers are very common. So, in the middle of 4G licensing, on Telecom restructuring discussions stopped, most people even think that the latter was former propelled a requirement. "4G the issuance of a licence would break the three carriers from 3G age to date balance, this is an opportunity to reshuffle, will give rise to a series of changes. "Xiang said.
4G组网迷局：移动烦恼、联通头疼 - 4G,中国联通,中国移动,中国电信 - IT资讯4G组网迷局：移动烦恼、联通头疼
4G牌照的发放，在过去相对平静的运营商市场中搅起了新一轮的组网热潮。12月4日下午，LTE FDD(下简称FDD)牌照终究没有随着TD-LTE牌照一起发放。中国联通和中国电信不再幻想“上帝的礼物”，它们不得不跳进中国移动卷起的“漩涡”。
而就在前一天，中国联通副总裁张钧安公开表示支持TD-LTE，“我们正在积极研究TD-LTE的发展，未来也会为用户提供相关的4G移动接入服务。”这是中国联通第一次给TD-LTE背书，如今看来，这或许是一个被遗漏的信号。
众所周知的是，中国联通天然的4G演进路径是FDD，而非中国移动主导的TD-LTE。中国电信也类似，虽然FDD也不是天然的演进路径，但技术上比上马TD-LTE简单得多。TD-LTE对于它们来说，就是“鸡肋”。可这是国家的自主知识产权，相关部门自然不愿意看到两家在拿到FDD牌照之后，对TD-LTE不管不问。
但本报记者了解到，即便如此，中国联通内部也已经准备好了针对4G的营销方案，一旦中国移动启动“战争”，他们就会积极应战。初定的时间点就在12月18日之后，那是中国移动发布4G新品牌的日子。
这实属“无奈之举”。一方面，工信部已经表明了态度，没有TD-LTE，就不会有FDD，而拖得越久，中国联通就越被动；另一方面，已经获得的TD-LTE频段资源绝对不能浪费，而且从全球看，两种制式混合组网是个大趋势，尽早部署有利无害。
但组网的问题客观存在，“如今国内现实可用的4G频段只剩下高频段(国际上被4G广泛使用的700MHz低频段在国内被分配给了广电总局用于广播频段)，这意味着基站要比2G网络多几倍，需要数千亿的投资。毫不客气地说，联通已经没能力来建设一张完全的4G网了。”中国移动浙江公司市场经营部葛长伟称。
建还是不建？如果建，怎么建？中国联通头疼了。而中国电信更麻烦，它的3G制式根本无法实现与TD-LTE网络的相互操作。也就是说，即便上了TD-LTE，两个网络也是相互独立，没办法协同使用。
TD-LTE这个“任务”就这样摆在了眼前，虽然与期望相去甚远，但中国联通和中国电信还是得硬着头皮上。
“任务”
两家的对策却大相径庭。
因为中国电信的3G网络升级空间并不大，所以它们必须要依托于4G网络。在今年10月结束的第一次4G通信设备招标中，6万个基站中有近5万个FDD基站，1万多个TD-LTE基站，比例约为4：1。
有消息称，中国电信最初上报给工信部的建网方案中，TD-LTE的占比还不到10%，毫无疑问被否决了。第二次上报的方案中，占比仍不足30%，也差点被否决。这透露出了中国电信组网的逻辑，即便存在政治风险，它还依然选择重仓FDD。
本报记者从中国电信内部了解到，今年在4G上的投资额已经被提高到了100亿元，而原计划明年将要投入的457亿元中，FDD的比例甚至会更高。
而在今年3月，中国电信董事长王晓初就给自己留了“后招”，“中国电信希望获得FDD牌照，但如果政府相关部门不发，那么我们会考虑向中国移动租用网络。”所以，结合招标结果，中国电信租用TD-LTE网络几乎已成定局。
中国联通则是把更多的资源投向了3G网络，摩根大通在6月份就发布研究报告称，中国联通会继续进行3G投资而非4G投资，“联通拥有30%的3G网络利用率，且有能力将网络速度从21MBPs(兆位/秒)提升至42Mbps，因此没必要建4G网。”截止到10月底，中国联通的3G用户已经达到了1.15亿，这被认为是能和中国移动抗衡的资本。
在中国联通的重镇广东，42Mbps网络基本已经普及，甚至有联通内部人士透露在4G牌照发放之后，广东联通还要把3G网络升级到44Mbps网络，这已经和中国移动TD-LTE网络不相上下了。中国联通的想法就是在重点城市建设4G网络，以弥补数据业务的缺口，而全国大部分地区的语音和数据业务还是要依赖3G网络。这个逻辑使得它在4G上的规划一直举棋不定，从内部传出两个预选方案，一个是投资100亿元建设3.1万个4G基站，而另一个是投资50亿元建设1.6万个4G基站。
但刚刚结束的中国电信4G招标，很大程度地影响了已经秘密开始的中国联通的第一轮4G招标。它原计划建造的TD-LTE基站是1.5万-2万个，看到中国电信“大胆”的招标结果之后，中国联通临时把招标规模降低到了1万个。
中国联通并不如中国电信那么紧张。在内部对自身网络的评测中，他们的结论是“2G+3G+4G”的网络将长期在中国联通存在，而且同时拥有最成熟的4G(指未来的FDD)网络和最成熟的3G网络是中国联通的核心竞争力。因为4G和3G的切换效果最佳，用户在速度上的感知落差最小。“中国联通会有更自由的资费空间，若对FDD建设及宣传到位，可以实现用3G满足大量中速上网客户的需求，用4G满足高速上网的客户，再用3G的资费优势继续获取大量的存量2G客户资源。”中国联通资深营销专家高都柱透露的或许正是他们未来与中国移动抗衡的战术。
但对于TD-LTE这个事关下一步的“政治任务”中，中国联通和中国电信还是要做足准备工作。
中国电信在10月18日接到了工信部4G实验网的许可之后，迅速地在南京、广东、上海等地区开始了实验，并且有意识地加强两种制式混合组网的测试。而在之后更大规模的61个城市中，中国电信便悄悄地加大了单一FDD网络测试的比例，甚至已经高过了混合组网实验的数量。
其实中国联通也在秘密地实验FDD，但它从来都不对外讲。公开资料只是显示它已经在北京、天津、上海、重庆、广州、深圳等一二线城市开始了4G实验网络测试，大部分以TD-LTE为主。
当然，也许是两家在FDD上过于谨慎。包括《通信世界》总编辑杨海峰在内的很多业内人士都认为，政府并不会对中国联通有全国性部署TD-LTE的要求，至多是一线城市和省会城市，“中国联通也应该尽早地开始实验，也算是给政府一个交代，督促政府尽早发放FDD牌照。”
中移动的烦恼
中国移动却并不想给其他两家太多的机会，尽管否认了与苹果达成了销售协议，但中国移动内部普遍认为，拿下苹果只是个时间问题。广州移动甚至在当地的几家营业厅里推出了iPhone5s和iPhone5c免费升级使用中国移动3G和4G网络的服务。
中国移动并不存在组网的问题，根据去年的年报，它的利润额是竞争对手中国联通的10多倍，是中国电信的8倍多。只是在今年，它就已经投资了417亿元用于建设TD-LTE基站，据称将会覆盖超过5亿人口和300个以上的城市。
但它的致命伤有可能是中国联通后来居上的重要因素，那就是智能终端。毕竟全球222个LTE商用网络中，TD-LTE网络商用仅有23个，其余的绝大部分都是FDD。这意味着如果中国联通拿到了FDD牌照，那么市面上流行的智能手机都可以供它使用。
所以在这个间歇期里，尤其是当其他两家还在纠结于组网问题时，中国移动必须抓紧时间筑墙。
近日传出中国移动将在明年把“五模”的标准降低为“三模”。之前的五模终端是指支持TD-LTE、FDD、TD-SCDMA、WCDMA、GSM五种通信模式，但由于多数芯片厂商无法达到这个技术标准，让高通独占了上一次采购的八成份额。
这极大地影响了智能手机的成本，因为只有高通和华为海思拥有这样的技术。如果中国移动想在明年大规模地推广4G的千元智能机，那么就必须降低对芯片的要求，这样才可以让包括博通、马威尔、联发科这些只能支持三到四模技术的厂商入局。
有消息称中国移动甚至会主动申请FDD牌照，以解决终端数量不足的问题。在3G时代，它已经经历过一次这样的尴尬，没有好终端，导致没有人使用TD，这反而又直接影响了中国移动优化网络的积极性。
而且中国移动还要为有可能到来的第五次电信重组做准备。上一次的重组并没有达到预期的效果，中国移动虽然没有在3G时代扩大优势，但依然一家独大。4G的先发优势会让它重新得到制高点，这是相关部门不愿意看到的。很多迹象都表明，组网过程中可能暴露出的问题，都会是电信重组的契机。
在回答关于是否会再一次引起重复建设和资源浪费时，工信部相关人士的回答是：“将进一步推动三家运营企业开展共建共享的相关工作，鼓励和引导相关企业通过租建结合的方式组建4G网络。”
但按照现在的竞争格局，租用基站都是天方夜谭，更何况是共建网络。“这必须依靠国家的力量去推动。”这样的观点即便在运营商内部都十分常见。所以，在4G牌照发放的过程中，关于电信重组的讨论就没有停止过，甚至多数人都认为后者是前者推进的必要条件。“4G牌照的发放，将打破三大运营商自3G时代保持至今的平衡状态，这又是一个重新洗牌的机会，将会引起一系列的变革。”项立刚称。
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