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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/8 8:55:23 Within a week of our hyper-Pak city air heavily polluted
Xinhuanet, Beijing, December 8-8th, issued by the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to fog and haze, Orange double warning, Western, northern Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places in eastern parts of the severe haze. This is the Central Meteorological Observatory haze Orange alert has been issued for 3 consecutive days.
Since last week, a rare widespread haze hangs over our country, from the North to the Southeast, even Southwest has started more than 25 provinces, more than 100 cities in haze weather occurred to varying degrees, covers nearly half of the country.
Haze raging, 104 cities severely "fall"
Different from the haze in the North in the past, brunt in the fog and haze in the South. Meteorological Department, said this round of activities along the foggy haze in the North to the South, Anhui and Jiangsu, the haze in worst-hit hard in Yangtze-huaihe region South and southwest of heavy fog.
The Central Meteorological Observatory chief forecaster He Lifu said, in terms of geographical distribution, this apart from in North China, has affected the whole East China, can be said to be China's largest in this winter of moderate to severe haze.
Entering the weekend, scale of the haze continued to widen, with the force of a prairie fire, "devour" large tracts of the city. According to data from the Ministry of environmental protection showed that 104 cities in 20 provinces nationwide air quality reached the pollution situation.
8th, according to the Hunan provincial air quality real time publishing platforms showed that 23 air quality monitoring sites "annihilation", air quality levels are "heavy pollution". The morning of this day, Hunan provincial meteorological observatory haze Amber Alert was sounded, alerting the public to Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan cities appear in densely populated and haze, easy form of severe air pollution, be aware that protection.
As of 8th, 62-Pearl River Delta regional air quality monitoring platform monitoring stations (3 sites no data), in addition to an air quality close to the limit, all measured air pollution, of which 6 are heavily polluting the air; all monitoring real-time PM2.5 concentrations are exceeded. Guangzhou, Foshan has yellow haze alert has been issued.
7th, even hailed as "good mountain well water well air" Fuzhou "fall" 5 o'clock in the afternoon on that day, Fuzhou multiple monitoring points of pollution index exceeds 200, reached the high levels of pollution.
In earlier times, Nanjing, Shanghai has issued a red alert for severe pollution of air quality; 6th Shanghai AQI means several monitoring points surpassed the 500 mark, 602.5 μg/m3 PM2.5 averaged concentrations. "Green city" 6th announced since autumn of Nanning first haze Orange warning signal. The evening of 7th, Wuhan environmental protection Bureau released data show that severe pollution in Wuhan City.
Went through a few days of sunny weather in Beijing on weekends to escape the "haze v." 8th morning hour concentrations of PM2.5 pollution levels.
Around the haze adversely affect people's lives have launched emergency response
Days of fog and haze weather has seriously affected the lives of the people.
In the affected areas, members of the public as they wore masks, Hangzhou, shop for masks out of stock situation occurs, haze comes, "cover" hard to come by.
Fog and haze caused a high incidence of respiratory disease. Recently, the Yangtze River Delta medical medicine, respiratory medicine patients generally rise, among them, the elderly, children and people with underlying disease more susceptible to haze effect. Shanghai children's Hospital, between December 2 and average daily outpatient volume reached 5,070 people, even more than this year's summer peak average daily outpatient volume, over the same period last year, an increase of 25.9%.
Face the onslaught of haze, across to sound the haze emergency response.
One of the high-speed road closures, airport "shut down". Xinhua learned from Beijing Municipal traffic administration, 8th, Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Tianjin and Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Macao Expressway out of Beijing, such as the use of temporary closures. By persistent haze weather, such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong highway sections have been taken as much or all of the road closures, airport passenger flights have been delayed or cancelled.
Bis, site downtime, the closing of schools. Days of haze under attack, Wuhan City Committee through a letter urging parts of WISCO sintering machine, positive patrols the power plant, high heat, chenming paper down measures have been taken for dry heat part of the unit. 201 related to Foundation construction of Wuhan City, unearthed in the dusty job, job, working on suspension or partial suspension. In cities such as Shanghai, have already implemented the closure of schools.
Ter, the accelerated introduction of "atmospheric pollution emergency plan". Environmental pollution index in response to persistently high for days, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, decided to advance the enactment of atmospheric pollution contingency plan (trial). The plan on heavy pollution days "closure of schools, official vehicles and private cars the limit line" measures such as the provision had been made, and in the afternoon of 5th through the city agreed in principle, implementation will be announced in the near future. Zhejiang, which is the first atmospheric pollution emergency plan.
General questions: Haze will become the norm in the future?
CMA data show that this year, the national average haze days for 52 years, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other 13 all hit record "history". Since PM2.5 record 2013 haze why particularly severe weather?
Recently, the charge of the Ministry of environmental protection on our wide range of analysis on the main causes of haze did: one is the continuous build-up of pollutants caused by unfavourable meteorological conditions. Near-surface weather control for static stability, atmospheric dispersion conditions are poor. Second is the static and stable weather conditions, vehicle exhaust and large coal-fired heating contributes to the deterioration of air quality in winter in the North.
In accordance with the relevant expert analysis, fog haze caused by the North-South range, especially in the South of the main "culprits", 4: Sky strong "particulate" transmission, contaminated areas more "secondary pollution" anthropogenic emissions, air relative humidity saturated and South long "static stability of weather."
However, "outside in the weather, the internal cause pollution! "Part of the surveyed experts believe, the weather factor is a direct factor triggering and exacerbating effects of haze, but the underlying factor is the continuing emission of pollutants, mainly far exceeded the environmental capacity of the total air pollution emissions.
Fog and haze, after Beijing, and many cities were introduced or speeding up the introduction of its own emergency plan. But insiders said that the contingency plan only under extreme weather conditions, "reduce pollution degradation" short-term emergency initiatives, fog and haze in the long run the way of governance "is not in emergency, but cuts".
"Contingency plans are necessary, but the Government should be determined, to take practical measures, adjusting the policy orientation, long-term medical treatment. "Nanjing University Professor Liu hongnian said long-term studies on air pollution, on the premise of ensuring smooth economic operation, and to more aggressively promote economic restructuring and adjustment of energy structure.
Although the Government has taken many measures treatment of haze, but many people said that control feelings about for some time is not obvious, was not optimistic about prospects for treatment of haze. "Mountain of disease, such as spinning". Treatment of haze is difficult, but transforming the development mode and adjustment of industrial structure is "built in a day".
Analysts believe that the future treatment of haze in China remains a daunting task for some time. According to the air pollution prevention action plan issued by the State in September, action plan for air pollution prevention and control total spend 1.75 trillion yuan. Specific targets of this plan of action is, by 2017, the national level and above in urban particulate matter concentration more than dropped by 2012. (Reporters Yao Zhang, Cao Dian, Chen Gang, Ni Yuanjin, Lu Wenjun, Liao Jun, Yu Wan, Jiang Xiao comprehensive coverage)
新华网北京12月8日电 8日上午10时，中央气象台继续发布雾和霾橙色双预警，其中江苏西部、浙江北部、安徽东部等地的部分地区有重度霾。这已是中央气象台连续3天发布霾橙色预警。
最近一周以来，一场罕见的大范围雾霾笼罩着我国，从华北到东南沿海、甚至是西南地区，已陆续有25个省份、100多座大中城市不同程度出现雾霾天气，覆盖了我国将近一半的国土。
雾霾来势汹汹，104座城市重度“沦陷”
与以往北方持续雾霾有所不同，南方地区在这场雾霾中首当其冲。气象部门称，本轮雾霾天气基本在华北至江南一带活动，苏皖等地的霾最严重，大雾的重灾区位于西南及江淮地区。
中央气象台首席预报员何立富表示，从地域分布来看，此次除了华北地区以外，还影响了整个华东地区，可以说是今年入冬以来中国范围最大的中度到重度霾天气过程。
而进入周末，雾霾的影响范围在不断扩大，正以燎原之势，“吞噬”大片的城市。据此前环保部的数据显示，全国20个省份104个城市空气质量达到重污染的状况。
8日14时，据湖南省空气质量实时发布平台显示，23个空气质量监测站点“全军覆没”，空气质量等级均为“重度污染”。这一天的早晨，湖南省气象台拉响了霾黄色预警，提醒公众人口稠密的长沙、株洲、湘潭城市群出现霾，易形成重度空气污染，需注意防护。
截至8日12时，珠三角区域空气质量监测平台62个监测点(3个站点无数据)中，除一处空气质量接近限值，全部测得空气污染，其中6处空气重度污染；所有监测点实时PM2.5浓度均超标。广州、佛山均已发布灰霾黄色预警。
7日，连一向被誉为“好山好水好空气”的福州也“沦陷”了，当日下午5点，福州多个监测点的污染指数都超过了200，达到了重度污染。
在更早些的时候，南京、上海就先后发布了空气质量重度污染的红色预警；6日上海部分监测点AQI指数首超500大关，PM2.5平均浓度为602.5微克／立方米。“绿城”南宁6日也发布了入秋以来首个霾橙色预警信号。7日晚，武汉市环保局发布数据显示，武汉城区严重污染。
而经历了几日晴好天气的北京，周末也难逃“霾伏”。8日晨，PM2.5的小时浓度达到严重污染级别。
雾霾严重影响百姓生活 各地纷纷启动应急响应
连日的雾霾天气，已经严重影响到了百姓的生活。
在受影响的地区，市民们纷纷戴着口罩出行，杭州等地的商店已出现口罩断货的情况，可谓雾霾降临，一“罩”难求。
雾霾天更引起了呼吸道疾病的高发。近期，长三角医疗机构的内科、呼吸科门诊患者普遍出现增长，其中，老年人、儿童和有基础性疾病的人群更易受到雾霾影响。在上海市儿童医院，12月2日至5日的日均门急诊量达到5070人次，甚至超过今年暑期高峰的日均门急诊量，比去年同期增加了25.9%。
面对雾霾的来势汹汹，各地纷纷拉响雾霾应急响应。
应对之一，高速封路，机场“停摆”。记者从北京市交管部门了解到，8日凌晨起，京哈、京津、京沪、京港澳等高速公路出京方向采取临时封闭措施。受持续雾霾天气影响，上海、江苏、河南、山东等多地都采取了高速公路部分路段或全部封路，机场客运航班因此延误或取消。
应对之二，工地停工、学校停课。连日雾霾侵袭下，武汉市经信委已督促武钢部分烧结机、阳逻电厂、高新热电、晨鸣乾能热电的部分机组采取了停机措施。武汉市201项涉及基础施工、扬尘作业、出土作业、拆除作业停工或局部停工。而在上海等城市，已经实施了学校停课。
应对之三，加速出台“大气污染应急预案”。为应对连续数日居高不下的环境污染指数，杭州决定提前颁布《杭州市大气重污染应急预案(试行)》。该预案对重污染日采取“学校停课、公务车和私家车限行”等措施做了规定，并已于5日下午通过市政府原则同意，近期将正式出台实施。这也是浙江首个大气重污染应急预案。
公众疑问：今后雾霾会否成为常态？
中国气象局的数据显示，今年以来，全国平均雾霾天数为52年来之最，安徽、湖南、湖北、浙江、江苏等13地均创下“历史纪录”。自我国有PM2.5记录以来，2013年的雾霾天气为何格外严重？
近日，环保部有关负责人就我国大范围灰霾天气的主要原因做过分析：一是不利气象条件造成污染物持续累积。受近地面静稳天气控制，大气扩散条件非常差。二是静稳天气条件下，机动车尾气和北方冬季燃煤采暖对空气质量恶化贡献较大。
而根据有关专家分析，造成此次南北大范围尤其是南方雾霾天气的主要“元凶”有4个：高空较强的“大气颗粒物”污染传送、地区较多的“二次污染”人为排放、空气湿度相对饱和以及南方长时间的“静稳天气”。
不过，“外因在天气，内因在污染！”受访的部分专家认为，天气因素是触发和加剧雾霾影响的直接因素，但根本因素是持续的污染物排放，主要大气污染排放总量远远超过了环境容量。
面对雾霾，继北京之后，不少城市也相继出台或加快出台自己的应急预案。但业内人士仍指出，各种《应急预案》只是极端气象条件下“减缓重污染恶化”的短期应急举措，治理雾霾的长远解决之道“不在应急、而在减排”。
“应急方案非常必要，但各地政府要下定决心，采取切实措施，调整政策导向，进行长期性治理。”长期研究大气污染的南京大学教授刘红年说，在确保经济运行平稳的前提下，要以更大力度推进经济转型、能源结构调整。
虽然目前政府已经采取了不少措施治霾，但不少民众表示，对一段时期以来的防治效果感受并不明显，对治霾前景并不乐观。“病来如山倒，病去如抽丝”。治霾虽难，但转变发展方式、产业结构调整也非“一日之功”。
分析人士认为，未来一段时期我国治霾任务仍然艰巨。根据国务院9月发布的《大气污染防治行动计划》，大气污染防治行动计划共需投入17500亿元。这个行动计划制定的具体指标是，到2017年，全国地级及以上城市可吸入颗粒物浓度比2012年下降10%以上。(记者张遥、曹典、陈刚、倪元锦、陆文军、廖君、俞菀、姜潇综合报道)
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