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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/9 13:39:07 Reform in all provinces hooks introduced specific programmes by the end of next year
Examination reform of enrollment system is the educational system reform in key areas and crucial links, with great concern of the whole society. 18 by the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision, this reform has made a comprehensive, systematic, specific deployment.
Why reform? The direction and thinking of reform? How to reform? Jiang Liu Limin understanding on these issues.
Overall objective of the reform
Classification of forming basic modes of examination and comprehensive evaluation, multiple admissions;
Sound separation of examination and enrollment, students independently admissions exam multiple choice, school organizations, professional bodies and the operation mechanism of supervision of the Government's macro-economic management and social participation;
Build bridging communication between various types of education at all levels, recognized the talents of a variety of learning outcomes "Overpass".
Existing problems
"A test determines your life" disadvantages
Liu Limin: existing exam admissions system exists with evaluation standard relative single, and singles way relative single, and entrance channel relative single, "a exam set lifelong" of disadvantages, in must degree Shang led to basic education examination education tendencies, students "exam what, and learn what", school admissions "only scores on the", problem, difficult adapted national on various talent of singles training needs, difficult adapted students full and has personality development of needs, difficult adapted College diversification running, and features running of needs, Deepen the examination reform of enrollment system.
At present, deepen the examination enrolment system has basically ripe for reform, conditions have basically in place.
Examination reform
Recruit separated several times to select
Liu Limin: high school proficiency test, and we have been pursuing comprehensive quality assessment, helping students to learn for each course, do not tend to go overboard on one or some subjects to fully develop, ask students to select courses that suit your interests, strengths, ambitions, potential of full development of the personality and subject specialist can also guide the students to participate in community service and social practice, promoting students ' healthy growth. At the same time, can also reduce unnecessary burden on their schoolwork. Our comprehensive implementation of the high school proficiency test system, also provided space for the reform of college entrance examination subjects, contents, foreign languages are no longer in college entrance examination held in the future, selected by the students ' self-exam time and frequency, increases students ' right to choose and the expression of foreign language examinations, and the use of more scientific and rational.
Admission systems
Apply for vocational can not participate in college entrance examination
Reporter: our admission system to the appropriate reforms?
Liu Limin: admission system and the reform of the exam assessment system link, will focus on two aspects of reform: the College (undergraduate) progressively implement based on the common entrance examination and comprehensive evaluation of the high school proficiency test scores, multiple admission mechanism and cultivation of college admission better adapted to the various types of personnel selection rules, better suited to a different orientation and characteristics of running a school. Speed up the implementation of the second category recruit and enroll in vocational colleges, reflecting the characteristics of vocational education to avoid simple analogies and hierarchical distinction between general education, while some students choose their own education as soon as possible. Sit for higher vocational college students may not take the test, schools based on their test scores in high school level and vocational orientation test results.
How to operate the current high school student is not affected
Liu Limin: we have to actively yet prudently, the principle of an integrated and pilot first, pushing, take fully into account the existing reform take fully into account relevant implementing body on the implementation of reforms and social aspects of sustainability, strengthening the feasibility of specific implementation plan, careful operation, doing experimental work, gradually expanding it. To fully consider the periodicity of the education, in accordance with the "three years earlier to know" principle, published some time in advance, ensure that the current high school student is not affected. (Xinhua News Agency)
Reform timetable
First half of 2014
Overall programme issued by the State and reform of college entrance examination reform in the area of implementation. Conditions for comprehensive reform pilot or special pilot reform started in the provinces.
By the end of 2014
Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) introduced specific measures for implementation in the region.
2017
Summary of results and experience, the promotion of.
2020
Basic forms new examination enrolment system, achieving the overall goals of reform.
Reform seven paths run through elementary school to University
Exploring the implementation of compulsory enrollment of vicinity, including primary and junior high school counterpart helicopter; a rational division of school districts, students go directly to junior high school in the district; conditional region running a new school for 9 years of consistent policy, integrated and effective governance in some big cities choosing overheating problems.
Promoting the reform of senior high school entrance examination system, including the establishment of sound system junior high school academic proficiency tests and quality evaluation, encourages active exploration of a junior high school academic proficiency test scores and enrollment based on the synthetic evaluation of quality education; perfect quality high school junior high school in the rational allocation of seats to the regional approach based on secondary vocational schools with junior high school academic proficiency test results, for certified school.
Establishing and perfecting the high school proficiency test and comprehensive quality evaluation system.
Establishing and perfecting the fit characteristics of higher vocational education "+ vocational skills of cultural makings" examination enrolment system.
Reform of the college entrance examination, establish a comprehensive evaluation, diversity of undergraduate admissions mechanisms.
Conducive to creative talent and high-level application-oriented personnel selection graduate enrollment system of examinations, including exploration of academic degrees and professional degrees graduate classification tests; expanding training and mentor teams enrolment autonomy; the establishment of doctoral "application-performance" admissions system.
Expanding opportunities for community members receive diversity education, establish learning outcomes convert accreditation system.
How to become more effective in maintaining fair
Establish and improve the access to fair protection mechanisms. Specific measures including: reform College Admissions plans management, national on quality higher education resources relative shortage area take support sexual policy, expanded implementation "Midwest area admissions collaboration plans", accelerated narrowed regional gap; on basic education weak of rural, and remote, and poverty, and national, area take tilt sexual policy, expanded implementation "rural poverty area directed admissions special plans"; town workers personnel suiqian children in local participate in careers exam perfect supporting policy; established up admissions opportunities fair of dynamic monitoring and regulation mechanism.
Rigorous exam enrollment management, improve the exam integrity and security management system. Clean and strictly regulate all kinds of bonus policies. Personal, school examinations evaluate integrity file system, increasing the penalties for honesty and anomie.
Comprehensive and in-depth implementation of admissions "sunshine project" perfect information publicity system, college admissions self-discipline, serious recruitment discipline to enhance accountability, improve social supervision mechanism.
考试招生制度改革是教育体制改革中的重点领域和关键环节，全社会极其关注。十八届三中全会通过了 《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》，对这项改革作出了全面、系统、明确的部署。
为什么要改革？改革的方向和思路如何？怎样推进改革？教育部副部长刘利民就这些问题进行了解读。
改革总体目标
形成分类考试、综合评价、多元录取的基本模式；
健全考试与招生相对分离，学生考试可多次选择、学校依法自主招生、专业机构组织实施、政府宏观管理、社会参与监督的运行机制；
构建衔接沟通各级各类教育、认可多种学习成果的人才成长 “立交桥”。
现存问题
“一考定终身”的弊端
刘利民：现行考试招生制度存在着评价标准相对单一、选拔方式相对单一、入学通道相对单一等“一考定终身”的弊端，在一定程度上导致基础教育应试教育倾向，学生“考什么、学什么”，学校招生“唯分数论”等问题，难以适应国家对各类人才的选拔培养需要，难以适应学生全面而有个性发展的需要，难以适应高等学校多样化办学、特色办学的需要，深化考试招生制度改革势在必行。
当前，全面深化考试招生制度改革时机已经基本成熟、条件已基本具备。
考试改革
招考分离多次选择
刘利民：我们推行高中学业水平考试和综合素质评价，可以引导学生学好每门课程，不偏科，全面发展，引导学生选择适合自己兴趣、优势、志向的课程，充分发展个性潜能和学科特长，还可以引导学生参加公益服务和社会实践等，促进学生健康成长。同时，也能减轻学生不必要的课业负担。我们全面实施高中学业水平考试制度，也为高考科目、内容改革提供了空间，今后外语不再在统一高考时举行，由学生自主选择考试时间和次数，增加学生的选择权，并使外语考试、成绩表达和使用更加趋于科学、合理。
录取制度
报考高职可不参加高考
记者：我们的招生录取制度是否也要相应改革？
刘利民：招生录取制度与考试评价制度改革相衔接，将重点改革两方面：一是普通高校(本科)逐步推行基于统一高考和高中学业水平考试成绩的综合评价、多元录取机制，使高校招生录取更加适应各类人才选拔培养规律，更加适合不同学校的办学定位和办学特色。二是加快推行职业院校分类招考和注册入学，体现职业教育的特色，避免与普通教育作简单类比和层次区分，同时使一部分学生尽早选择适合自己的教育。一些报考高职院校的学生可不参加高考，学校依据其高中学业水平考试成绩和职业倾向性测试成绩录取。
如何操作 目前在校高中生不受影响
刘利民：我们要按照积极稳妥、统筹兼顾、试点先行、有序推进的原则，充分考虑现有改革基础，充分考虑相关实施主体对改革的实现能力和社会各方面的承受能力，加强具体实施方案的可行性论证，审慎操作，做好试点工作，逐步推开。要充分考虑教育的周期性，要按照“三年早知道”的原则，提前一定时间公布，确保目前在校高中生不受影响。 (新华社)
改革时间表
2014年上半年
国家发布总体方案及高考改革等各领域的改革实施意见。有条件的省份开始综合改革试点或专项改革试点。
2014年年底前
各省 (区、市)出台本地区具 体 实 施 办法。
2017年
总结成效和经验，推广实施。
2020年
基本形成新的考试招生制度，实现改革总体目标。
改革七条路径贯穿小学到大学
探索义务教育阶段免试就近入学的多种实现形式，包括小学初中对口直升；合理划分学区，学生在学区内直接进入初中；有条件的地区新建校实行9年一贯制办学等等，综合有效治理一些大城市择校过热问题。
推进高中阶段招生考试制度改革，包括建立健全初中学业水平考试和综合素质评价制度，鼓励各地积极探索以初中学业水平考试成绩和综合素质评价情况为依据的招生方式；完善优质高中招生名额合理分配到区域内初中的办法；中等职业学校以初中学业水平考试成绩为依据，实行注册入学。
建立健全高中学业水平考试和综合素质评价制度。
建立健全适合高等职业教育特点的 “文化素质＋职业技能”考试招生制度。
改革统一高考，建立普通本科综合评价、多元录取机制。
建立有利于创新型人才和高层次应用型人才选拔的研究生考试招生制度，包括探索专业学位与学术学位研究生分类考试；扩大培养单位和导师团队的招生自主权；建立博士研究生“申请-考核”录取制度。
扩大社会成员接受多样化教育的机会，建立多种学习成果转换认定制度。
如何更加有效地维护公平
建立健全入学机会公平的保障机制。具体措施包括：改革高校招生计划管理，国家对优质高等教育资源相对短缺地区采取支持性政策，扩大实施“中西部地区招生协作计划”，加快缩小区域差距；对基础教育薄弱的农村、边远、贫困、民族等地区采取倾斜性政策，扩大实施“农村贫困地区定向招生专项计划”；进城务工人员随迁子女在当地参加升学考试完善配套政策；建立起招生机会公平的动态监测和调节机制。
严格考试招生管理，完善考试诚信、安全的管理制度。清理并严格规范各类加分政策。建立个人、学校考试评价诚信档案体系，加大对诚信失范行为的处罚力度。
全面深入实施招生“阳光工程”，完善信息公开公示制度，加强高校招生自律，严肃招生纪律，加强责任追究，完善社会监督机制。
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