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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/9 13:39:51 Sinopec Qingdao megaton ethylene project citizen collective protest
"11·22" explosion in Huangdao haze has not yet been eliminated, and a million-ton ethylene projects will be set up in Qingdao message has attracted outside attention to Qingdao.
"The projects until now still haven't passed the national approval. "On November 26, Sinopec Qingdao petrochemical company limited (hereinafter referred to as the Qingdao refinery) official told the China business said in a newspaper interview. Among them, "project" refers to its planned "million-ton ethylene project".
As early as on April 8 this year, Qingdao refinery released "million-ton ethylene project environmental impact assessment of public information and public comment and recommends" announcement. Notice that, as a subsidiary of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, refinery to be held in the Qingdao economic and technological development zone, Qingdao petrochemical megaton ethylene industrial park construction project, is currently the development project environmental impact statement has been completed. Project is located in East of Qingdao petrochemical plant and the north side.
The news came out, all locked up.
"Ethylene" once again at the forefront of public opinion, has always been low-key Qingdao refinery to acts before. Now, with Huang DAO "11·22" explosion occurred, people to look again at the controversial project.
In the outside world, Qingdao has been "tourist city" is known. However, Huangdao "11·22" explosion ripped the side of Qingdao: huge chemical industry. Qingdao refinery "million-ton ethylene project" landed in Qingdao, make this tourist city feel tangled.
Ethylene project set up in Huangdao
Bus from Huangdao by car to the North, after more than 20 minutes, achieved in Jiaozhou Bay. Qingdao refinery, and many other chemical companies on terms of this forest.
On November 27, the Qingdao refinery across the road from the North Gate, there is a vacant lot was circled, came up to the Bay. The company's staff confirmed to reporters, this publicity-building location for ethylene project.
As early as April 8, Qingdao refinery released "million-ton ethylene project environmental impact assessment of public information and public comment and recommends" announcement. Notice that, the Qingdao petrochemical is a subsidiary of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, Director of economic and technological development zone, Qingdao petrochemical megaton ethylene industrial park construction project, is currently the development project environmental impact statement has been completed. Qingdao refinery engineer surnamed Tung to this introduction, the publicity project ended on the 19th of the month, is the use of oil-refining byproduct of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ethane, liquefied natural gas (LNG) by-products of light hydrocarbon as raw materials.
According to public information, the Qingdao refinery was put into operation in June 2008, with a total investment of 12.6 billion yuan, China approved the construction of the first series million-ton oil refinery project. The engineer further explains that million-ton ethylene project is based on this investment and construction. Public content, the project covers an area of 194.72 hectares with a total investment of 18.79 billion yuan, which environmental protection investment 2.028 billion yuan, construction period is 3 years.
The end of November, reporters learned in the petrochemical industrial park, Qingdao refinery, in addition to gathering in the region, Newton chemical chemical enterprises, Qingdao cultivate well-known brands such as Haier, Hisense and aucma and cable companies such as SAIC and Wuling, and Han were stationed here. Qingdao refinery insiders Jiangyang (a pseudonym) told this reporter, Qingdao for pursuing that project, in efforts since the beginning of the 90 's of the last century, history has been a rough.
A group of public figures, expected by 2015, domestic ethylene capacity at 25.56 million tons/year, equivalent requirements to 38.8 million tons, the self-sufficiency rate of about 65%. 2015 equivalent consumption of more than 4 million tons of ethylene in Shandong province, Shandong province, and currently only ethylene production capacity of 850,000 tons per year. Jiangyang introduction, which means huge market vinyl products, in accordance with the fixed measurement for petrochemical industry, thousands of jobs in which you can directly. For the production of plastic products, home appliances, automobiles and plastics processing enterprises within the settlement area enterprises ' demand for raw materials.
Security worries
Qingdao sky will also please? Can you eat seafood in the Jiaozhou Bay ... ... At the beginning of ethylene project publicity, low-key compared with the Qingdao refinery, Qingdao residents about the project, there were a lot of concerns, collective and public protest. "11·22" the explosion was another look in the project by local residents, criticism, opposition, more intense.
Zhang Shiping, Vice President of the wildlife rescue Association, told reporters in Qingdao, for each chemical projects, are all worried that occur during the production process, "run, run, drip, leak", and so on. He was under the impression, for any chemical project, intuitive impression is inescapable on local water and air pollution. And Qingdao urban linear distance from the center of the project more than 10 kilometres, winter often blow dust bunnies, Qingdao air pollution resulting from projects will be directly overwritten. Liu Qiang of the public (not his real name) said that in April of this year, Qingdao people's representatives had issued objections directly to the refinery in Qingdao. According to the Qingdao refinery's reply, the 300,000 tons of liquefied gas annually to 17,000 (time) "hazardous chemical" outgoing traffic, for digesting its own output and surplus capacity, vinyl projects brewing was born. A number of local residents revealed that refining industry chain starts with "plastic" material as the main chemical industrial chain will be rescheduled, Qingdao refinery risks arising from the extended, supporting this industry, is not quite the ethylene produced its own dangers, more important is the danger of industrial pattern. Residents worry that even Qingdao refining their own environmental control, with its stock of ethylene as a leader of small plastic products processing enterprises will be around in Qingdao and the whole peninsula to flourish, they can be controlled, obviously is a big problem.
Zhang Shiping admits, Huangdao and its surrounding wetlands, is a major wetland in Qingdao area, lots of wildlife, migratory birds rest here every year, reproduce, and as more chemical industrial chain extension, layout, radiation deterioration of the entire peninsula industry group, will also undermine their perfect eco-system as a whole.
Reporters noted that ethylene on people's "health hazard" column in the clear, which has strong narcotic effect, prolonged exposure, can cause dizziness and general malaise, fatigue, mental concentration, water, soil and air pollution.
For the above question, the Qingdao refinery expressing different voices.
"The public impression is in the last century by the chemical chemical projects to look at now. "Jiang Yang told reporters that the oil refinery and other projects had turned from a low-level stage is different from Dalian to the chemical industry and the more different from local small chemicals. Qingdao oil refinery, with 10 million tons of annual oil refining capacity, recovery and utilization of waste water to achieve 100%, one-year emissions emissions of only about 200 cars a year.
Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, Professor Fei weiyang issued in Qingdao, the local media said most of the ethylene plant using naphtha as raw material, high cost, low yields, the limited sources, has become a bottleneck in the development of China's ethylene industry. Qingdao petrochemical megaton ethylene project planning you can deepen the Qingdao refinery byproduct of liquefied petroleum gas and ethylene in dry gas resources, optimize the integration of Qingdao liquefied natural gas (LNG) project ethane, propane and liquefied gas around China petrochemical enterprises resources, provides plenty of light-weight materials for the project.
Fei weiyang think, Huangdao in the region such as Haier, Hisense and other large home appliances, automobiles, cables and plastic processing companies, demand for high grade polyolefin plastics raw material, Qingdao petrochemical megaton ethylene project of construction on perfection of regional industrial chain, drive, Qingdao City, Shandong province, as well as local economic development, increasing employment opportunities and play a leading role.
Jiang Yang shared the same view that this project has the lightest of materials, ethylene yield clear advantages such as high, low energy consumption, less emissions. Its refinery project with ethylene project is for a complementary relationship, emissions, emission 2 pollutants such as oil refineries, 10 pollutant emissions of ethylene, used its discharges from the complementary relationship is 8, not 12. Him a bill like this: compared with naphtha as raw material ethylene project, expected to yield about increase of diene 15%, reducing energy consumption of about 10%. He admitted that after the completion of the project will be about the direction of development of the domestic industry, to domestic chemical industry the future model of development has some benefits.
Chemical expansion
"After the explosion occurred, affected how the Qingdao chemical industry is still uncertain. "December 5, a local government official told Xinhua.
The above-mentioned official, current chemical distribution of Qingdao was the then Secretary of the Qingdao municipal Committee Du Shicheng, "masterpiece", during its term investment, vigorously promote Qingdao chemical company. Publicly available information indicates that, in 2004, in Huangdao of Qingdao Huangdao identified international logistics and trade services ' and Huangdao petrochemical industrial zone, in 2006, Sinopec, Qingdao City, Shandong province, Qingdao refinery company, jointly funded by millions of tons of "Qingdao big refinery" project for the construction of and put into production in 2008.
On this basis, officially opened the curtain of the petrochemical industry in Qingdao. In 2008, the Qingdao economic and technological development zone to develop the petrochemical base in Qingdao City Industrial programme, (hereinafter referred to as "planning"). "Planning" refers to "chemical enterprises located in the old urban areas, layout is reasonable, further restrictions on development". On the regional distribution of new, "planning" introduction, Huangdao part of the regional plan for the petrochemical base, privately owned petrochemical refineries are located in Huangdao district. Reporter was informed that the current local government planning area in Huangdao, Korea, and Japan and other foreign chemical companies and attracting investment.
There is no doubt that the oil industry is "make money fast" one. Faster time to benefit, high profit, after landing a project quickly can bring billions of dollars to local, or even billions of dollars in taxes. Located in Huangdao of Qingdao's favorite is a certainty. Public reports from the local media, in 2013, the total industrial output value in the first three quarter, Qingdao, Shandong 572.3 billion yuan, which petrochemical industry chain involved area output of almost 90 billion yuan.
Marine Institute Wang Yamin, an associate professor of Shandong University said in media interviews, the oil industry is one of the most profitable industries, which makes each city are racing to compete for projects, including the PX. One unnamed industry experts, Huangdao in circum-Bohai Sea region, located in the Bay, and has a deepwater port, while in the winter keep water clear. In his view, it's petrochemical capital poured in one factor.
From publicly available information showed that Qingdao and Huangdao old urban areas, apart from, which is 2.26 miles.
Chemical puzzle
However, in outsiders, Qingdao is nothing short of a tourist city. In 2012, Qingdao won the top ten tourist destinations in China, Chinese young favorite tourist city and China's most dynamic leisure cities and so on. Qingdao Government site, public information displays, Qingdao port, open, gradually formed a brand, tourism, marine science and technology and the Olympic city's signature. Which, in 2012, the Qingdao hospitality 57.175 million tourists at home and abroad, including 1.27 million passenger trips of inbound tourists and achieve tourism revenues of 80.758 billion yuan. Qingdao to 730.21 billion yuan in gross for the year.
Qingdao refinery head, marine economy in Qingdao chemical engineering project and its tourism economy, not contradictory. Public information about the blue in the official reply of the State Council of the Shandong peninsula in economic development planning, was positioned as a core area of blue economic zones of Shandong peninsula, Qingdao marine economic development in leading cities, national pilot cities. In 2012, the Qingdao marine economy 111.44 billion yuan in added value, an increase of 19.9% per cent GDP share of 15.3%. The charge, Qingdao is currently formed by the Group of seven industrial bases, including Petro-chemical, and is located in Huangdao of Qingdao economic and technical development zone is an important domestic security environment-petrochemical bases.
Industry experts told reporters that the layout of major oil-producing area of consideration of domestic ethylene project, easy to transport and storage, and other factors. Circum-Bohai Sea region, due to the North, vinyl projects deepwater port to select, and to maintain the smooth flow of water in the winter, is located in Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao is the perfect choice.
However, while chemical project in Qingdao, protest is to break out of the local population. Zhang Shiping, Vice President of the wildlife rescue Association, told reporters in Qingdao, Qingdao is a recuperation spot "clear water, blue sky, red, tree," is a sign of Qingdao, million ton ethylene project may change the image in the outside world, Qingdao, Qingdao tourism brings shock, "it should be a clear account". The reporter learns, Newton as a sign of local chemical enterprises of chemical industry, and at the time of its planning and construction, which were local residents protested for a long time, and violent conflicts occurred. Ultimately, built with the support of the local government. Moreover, the rapid expansion in the chemical industry in Qingdao, the local residents have to fight all the way, "company", but failed to usher in its desired changes. Early in 2009 of a copies official information displayed, only in Qingdao Huangdao petrochemical district within total dangerous chemicals practitioners units 19 home, which production Enterprise 2 home, and storage Enterprise 8 home, and operating Enterprise 1 home, and liquid ammonia using Enterprise 4 home, and built Enterprise 4 home; has Depot 5 block, total storage capacity up 8.4 million cubic meters; dangerous of products Terminal 7 block, years Huff capacity 53 million tons.
"11·22" after the explosion, local residents away from the aspirations of the chemical zone, more urgent, relocation started petitions to the local government. Series of Qingdao residents trapped citizens living contradiction laid bare with the petrochemical environmental worries.
No names of marine economy in Shandong province, experts said chemical industry along the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea gathered in the homogenization of serious, large-scale chemical enterprise in geographical selection takes the initiative, development zone, to strengthen its efforts to introduce the project, inevitably at the cost of ecological and environmental protection, and contrary to the position of coastal tourism in Qingdao City, have gone to the State the opposite of developing marine economy. Shenyang chemical industry University Associate Professor Li Qinglu expressed the same view. In his view, the chemical industry needs large amounts of water resources, and ease of transportation in coastal cities, very suitable for the chemical business calls, lured by the Government's pursuit of economic efficiency on the ground, forming the current chemicals throughout the coastal, River and other water resource-rich areas.
"'11 · 22' explosion will have much impact on the ethylene project is still pending further assessment. "The head of the Qingdao refinery-said said.
But Li Qinglu admitted that Qingdao chemical industry should stop continue to expand, and rethought. His analysis that the current overall layout of chemical confusion in Qingdao, planning, not science, is not clear. Chemical everywhere layout based on residents ' safety requirements, strict separation of chemical industry should work with residential areas, it is clear that Qingdao did not.
"11·22" Sinopec East oil pipeline explosion in Wong Conference, Guo Jishan introduction, Deputy Secretary General of the Municipal Government of Qingdao, Huangdao underground pipelines dense, crowded layout. But in his view, the pipe distance of residential areas in line with national "30 m" new regulations.
On August 1, 2009 up, Shandong province purposes of Shandong province oil gas pipeline protection approach under 12th article further clear provides, design and construction pipeline, should comply with following provides: (a) buried to oil pipeline and neighbourhood of security distance shall not less than 15 m, gas, and oil pipeline and neighbourhood of security distance shall not less than 30 m; (ii) ground laying or overhead laying oil pipeline and neighbourhood of security distance shall not less than 30 m, gas, and Oil product pipeline and neighbourhood safety distance shall be not less than 60 meters.
Li Qinglu introduction prior to an interview with reporters, chemical industry enterprises: rationale and residents must be separated, not "30 metres away from" that simple. Even more important is that cross would never allow a variety of tubes and parallel installation at close range. Installation, which is equivalent to a bomb placed next to a bomb.
Li Qinglu analysis that the petrochemical base in Shandong province, enterprises are mostly building put into operation after the reform and opening up, in order to lower the costs, benefits, primarily "focused" build, resulting in around the pipe layout-intensive, Dongying, Zibo, Weifang, and other petrochemical bases are widespread.
"Long term, as a tourist city of Qingdao, launched ethylene projects will eventually outweigh the gain. "He said.
“11·22”黄岛爆炸事故阴霾尚未消除，一则百万吨级乙烯项目将落子青岛的消息又引来外界对青岛的高度关注。
“项目截止到目前还没通过国家的审批。”11月26日，中国石化青岛炼油化工有限责任公司(以下简称青岛炼化)有关负责人在接受《中国经营报》记者采访时如此表示。其中，“项目”是指其规划的“百万吨级乙烯项目”。
早在今年4月8日，青岛炼化发布“百万吨级乙烯项目环境影响评价公示信息及征求公众意见和建议”的公告。公告称，作为中国石油化工股份公司控股子公司，青岛炼化拟在青岛经济技术开发区石化工业园区内建设百万吨级乙烯项目，目前该项目环境影响报告书已初步编制完成。而项目位于青岛炼化现有厂区东侧和北侧。
消息一出，引来各界关住。
“乙烯项目”再次处于舆论的风口浪尖，更将一向低调的青岛炼化推向幕前。如今，随着黄岛“11·22”爆炸事故的发生，人们再次审视这一备受争议的项目。
在外界，青岛一直以“旅游城市”闻名。然而，黄岛“11·22”爆炸事故撕开了青岛的另一面：庞大的化工产业。而青岛炼化“百万吨级乙烯项目”欲落地青岛，更让这座旅游城市倍感纠结。
乙烯项目欲落子黄岛
从黄岛汽车站乘车向北，20余分钟后，达到胶州湾。青岛炼化等众多化工企业林立于此。
11月27日，青岛炼化北门一路之隔，有一片空地被圈起，伸向胶州湾。该公司有关工作人员向记者确认，此为乙烯项目公示的建设位置。
早在4月8日，青岛炼化发布“百万吨级乙烯项目环境影响评价公示信息及征求公众意见和建议”的公告。公告称，青岛炼化是中国石油化工股份公司控股子公司，拟在青岛经济技术开发区石化工业园区内建设百万吨级乙烯项目，目前该项目环境影响报告书已初步编制完成。青岛炼化一董姓工程师对此介绍，本项目在当月19日结束公示，其是利用炼油副产品液化石油气(LPG)、乙烷、液化天然气(LNG)副产品轻烃等为原料。
公开资料显示，青岛炼化于2008年6月建成投产，总投资126亿元，是我国批准建设的第一个单系列千万吨级炼油项目。该工程师进一步解释，百万吨乙烯项目则是在此基础上投资建设。公示内容表明，该项目总占地面积194.72公顷，总投资187.9亿元，其中环保投资20.28亿元，建设周期为3年。
11月底，记者在该石化工业园了解到，区域内除聚集着青岛炼化、丽东化工等化工企业外，青岛培育的海尔、海信、澳柯玛等知名品牌及上汽五菱、汉缆等企业均驻扎于此。青岛炼化内部人士江阳(化名)向记者介绍，青岛为争取这一项目，自上世纪90年代开始便在积极努力，历程颇为艰难。
一组公开数据显示，预计到2015年，国内乙烯能力将达2556万吨/年，当量需求为3880万吨，自给率约为65%。2015年山东省乙烯当量消费量将超过400万吨，而目前山东省仅有乙烯生产能力85万吨/年。江阳介绍，这意味着乙烯项目产品的巨大市场空缺，按照石化行业定额测算，该项目可直接安排就业岗位上千个。而所生产的塑料产品，可解决区域内家电、汽车企业和塑料加工企业的原料需求。
安全之忧
青岛因此还会再有蓝天吗？胶州湾还能吃到海鲜吗……在乙烯项目公示之初，与青岛炼化的低调相比，青岛居民对该项目则有不少担忧，并发生市民集体抗议。“11·22”爆炸事故让当地居民再度审视该项目，批评声、反对声更为激烈。
青岛市野生动物救助协会副会长张世平对记者表示，针对每一项化工项目，无不担心其在生产过程中出现“跑、冒、滴、漏”等情况。在他印象中，对任何化工项目，直观的印象就是无法回避对当地水、空气的污染。该项目与青岛中心市区直线距离十多公里，冬天常常刮西北风，项目所产生的污染空气将直接覆盖青岛。市民刘强(化名)说，今年4月，青岛市民代表曾直接向青岛炼化方面发出反对声音。按照青岛炼化的答复，其每年30万吨液化气要靠17000辆(次)“危化车”向外运输，为消化自身的产出和过剩产能，乙烯项目酝酿诞生。更有多名当地居民透露，炼油的产业链开始着力往以“塑料”物料为主体的化工产业链顺延，但青岛炼化这一产业顺延、配套所带来的危险，并不完全是乙烯生产自身的危险，更重要的是产业格局的危险。上述居民颇为担忧地说，即使青岛炼化自身的环保在可控范围，以其乙烯原料为龙头的中小塑化产品加工企业，会在青岛周边乃至整个半岛蓬勃发展，它们能否可控，显然是更大的问题。
张世平坦言，黄岛及其周边遍布湿地，是青岛的主要湿地区域，每年有大量野生动物、迁徙鸟类在此休憩、繁衍，而随着更多化工产业链的延伸、布局，将辐射恶化整个半岛产业群，也将破坏其整个原本完善的生态体系。
记者注意到，乙烯对人的“健康危害”一栏中明确表明，其具有较强的麻醉作用，长期接触，可引起头昏、全身不适、乏力、思维不集中，对水体、土壤和大气可造成污染。
对于上述质疑，青岛炼化则表达着不同的声音。
“民众还是在用上世纪的化工印象来看待现在的化工项目。”江阳告诉记者，如今炼油等项目早已脱离了低层次阶段，既不同于大连等地的化工产业，更不同于地方小化工。以青岛炼油而言，拥有1000万吨/年炼油能力，废水实现100%回收利用，一年废气排放量仅相当于200辆轿车一年的排放量。
而中国科学院院士、清华大学教授费维扬在青岛当地媒体发文称，我国大部分乙烯装置都以石脑油为原料，成本高、收率低、来源有限，已成为我国乙烯工业发展的瓶颈。而规划中青岛炼化百万吨级乙烯项目可以通过深化利用青岛炼化副产品液化石油气及干气中乙烷资源，优化整合青岛液化天然气 (LNG)项目乙烷、丙烷资源及中国石化周边企业液化气资源，为本项目提供充足的轻质原料。
费维扬认为，黄岛区域内如海尔、海信等一大批家电、汽车、电缆和塑料加工企业，对优质聚烯烃塑料原料的需求，青岛炼化百万吨级乙烯项目的建设对完善区域产业链、带动青岛市乃至山东省地方经济发展、增加就业机会等起到带动作用。
江阳对此同样认为，此项目具有原料最轻、乙烯收率高、能耗低、排放少等明显优势。其炼油项目与乙烯项目是为互补关系，排放物相互利用，如炼油排放2个污染物，乙烯排放10个污染物，利用其互补关系产生的排放物则是8个，并不是12个。他算了这样一笔账：以石脑油为原料的乙烯项目相比，可望提高双烯收率约15%，降低能耗约10%。他坦言，该项目建成后将左右国内相关产业的发展方向，对国内化工产业未来发展具有一定的示范效益。
化工扩张
“爆炸事故发生后，青岛化工产业受其影响如何，目前还不明朗。”12月5日，当地一政府官员告诉记者。
上述官员介绍，青岛目前的化工布局是时任青岛市委书记杜世成的“力作”，其在任期间大力招商、推动青岛化工企业落户。公开资料表明，2004年，青岛市在黄岛区划出黄岛区国际物流贸易服务片区和黄岛区重石化工业片区，2006年，由中石化、山东省、青岛市共同出资设立的青岛炼化公司千万吨级“青岛大炼油”工程开工建设，2008年投产。
在此基础上，青岛正式拉开了石化产业的大幕。2008年，青岛经济技术开发区管委会拟定《青岛市石化基地产业规划》(以下简称“规划”)。“规划”提到“化工企业多位于老市区，布局不合理，进一步发展受到限制”。在新的区域布局上，“规划”介绍，欲将黄岛部分区域规划为石化基地，民营炼化厂纷纷落户黄岛石化区。记者获悉，当前当地政府已在黄岛规划一定区域，针对韩国、日本等外资化工企业进行招商引资。
毫无疑问，石油行业是“赚钱快”的行业之一。见效时间快，利润高，一个项目落地之后，很快可以给地方带来几十亿元，甚至上百亿元的税收。其在地处青岛的黄岛受宠也是一种必然。来自当地媒体公开报道，2013年，山东青岛前三季度共完成工业总产值5723亿元，其中石化产业链涉及的集聚区产值接近900亿元。
山东大学海洋学院副教授王亚民在接受媒体采访时说，石油行业属于最赚钱的行业之一，这使得各个城市都在竞相争抢包括PX在内的项目。一位不愿透露姓名的业内专家介绍，黄岛位于环渤海地区，地处胶州湾，拥有深水港，同时能在冬天保持水运畅通。在他看来，这也是石化资本蜂拥而至的一个因素。
而来自公开资料显示，黄岛区与青岛老市区隔海相望，相距仅2.26海里。
化工之惑
然而，在外界看来，青岛却是一个不折不扣的旅游城市。2012年，青岛荣获中国十大最佳旅游目的地、中国青年最爱旅游城市和中国最动感休闲城市等称号。青岛政府网站公开资料显示，青岛逐步形成了港口、开放、品牌、旅游、海洋科技和奥运城市的鲜明特色。其中，2012年，青岛接待国内外游客5717.5万人次，其中入境游客127万人次，实现旅游总收入807.58亿元。而青岛当年的生产总值为7302.1亿元。
青岛炼化相关负责人认为，青岛化工项目与其旅游经济、海洋经济并不矛盾。公开资料介绍，在国务院正式批复的《山东半岛蓝色经济区发展规划》中，青岛被定位为山东半岛蓝色经济区核心区龙头城市、全国海洋经济发展试点城市。2012年，青岛海洋经济增加值1114.4亿元，增长19.9%，占GDP比重为15.3%。该负责人介绍，青岛目前形成的七大工业产业基地中，便包括石化化工，而作为地处黄岛的青岛经济技术开发区则是国内重要的安全环保型石化基地。
业内专家告诉记者，国内乙烯项目布局主要考虑石油产地、便于运输储存等因素。对于环渤海地区，由于地处北方，乙烯项目建设要选择深水港，以保持冬天水运畅通，地处胶州湾的青岛便是不二选择。
然而，在青岛大上化工项目的同时，当地民众的抗议亦是此起彼伏。青岛市野生动物救助协会副会长张世平告诉记者，青岛是个疗养避暑胜地，“碧海、蓝天、红瓦、绿树”是青岛的标志，而百万吨乙烯项目可能会改变青岛在外界的形象，对青岛旅游带来打击，“这应该是一笔最清楚的账”。记者获悉，丽东化工作为当地标志性化工企业，在其规划建设时，遭到了当地居民长时间抗议，并发生了暴力冲突。最终，在当地政府的支持下建成。不仅如此，在青岛化工产业迅速扩张中，当地居民的抗争亦一路“相伴”，但仍未能迎来其所希望的改变。早在2009年的一份官方资料显示，仅在青岛黄岛石化区内共有危险化学品从业单位19家，其中生产企业2家、存储企业8家、经营企业1家、液氨使用企业4家、在建企业4家；拥有油库5座，总存储能力达840万立方米；危化品码头7座，年吞吐能力5300万吨。
“11·22”爆炸事故后，当地居民远离化工园区的愿望更加迫切，开始向当地政府请愿搬迁。居民的系列举动让青岛市民生存之困与石化环境隐忧之间的矛盾暴露无遗。
山东一不具姓名的海洋经济专家表示，渤海、黄海沿岸化工产业云集，同质化严重，大型化工企业在地域选择上占据了主动权，而开发区为了加大力度引入项目，必然会以牺牲生态环保为代价，与青岛沿海旅游城市的定位相悖，也走向国家发展海洋经济的反面。沈阳化工大学副教授李庆禄对此表达了同样观点。在他看来，化工产业发展需要大量水资源，而且沿海城市便于产品运输等，非常适合化工企业的要求，在当地政府追求经济效益的诱惑下，形成了目前化工企业遍布沿海、沿江等水资源丰富地区的局面。
“‘11·22’爆炸事故将对该乙烯项目产生多大影响，目前还待进一步具体评估。”青岛炼化前述负责人说。
但李庆禄坦言，青岛目前的化工产业应该停止继续扩张的脚步，重新反思。他分析称，青岛当前整体化工布局混乱，规划不科学、不清晰。每个地方的化工布局应该以居民安全为基本要求，化工产业应与居民区严格分离，显然，青岛没有做到。
“11·22”中石化东黄输油管道爆炸事故发布会上，青岛市政府副秘书长郭继山介绍，黄岛地下输油管道密集，布局拥挤。但他认为，管道距离居民小区符合国家“30米”的新规。
2009年8月1日起，山东省施行的《山东省石油天然气管道保护办法》第十二条进一步明确规定，设计和建设管道，应当遵守下列规定：(一)埋地石油管道与居民区的安全距离不得少于15米，天然气、成品油管道与居民区的安全距离不得少于30米；(二)地面敷设或者架空敷设石油管道与居民区的安全距离不得少于30米，天然气、成品油管道与居民区的安全距离不得少于60米。
李庆禄此前接受记者采访时介绍，化工企业布局基本指导思想是与居民必须分开，并不是“相距30米”那样简单。更为重要的是，绝对不允许各种管道交叉及近距离平行安装。如此安装，相当于在一枚炸弹旁边又放了一枚炸弹。
李庆禄分析称，山东石化基地、企业大都是在改革开放后建设投产，当时为了降低成本、要效益，主要采取“集中”建设，致使各地管道布局密集，在淄博、潍坊、东营等石油化工基地普遍存在。
“长远来看，作为旅游城市的青岛，上马乙烯项目最终将得不偿失。”他说。
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