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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/12 9:25:24 China Dragon 8， Aquanaut， and twice next year exploration
"Global times, Mr MA" "sea God" is lingering dreams. Chang the third probe, was preparing to land on the Moon at the same time, as a "Dragon" deep submersibles, the future of managing China's second batch of 6 deep-sea manned submersibles submersible students appear in public on 10th. National deep-base Management Center Director Liu Feng 10th told the global times, a reporter, in addition to training, it is located in Qingdao's national deep sea base is expected to be completed the end of 2014 completion and acceptance.
According to reports, the second batch of deep-sea manned submersible Aquanaut trainee selection starting from July this year, after registration, primary elections, check, fixed elections and the candidates ' study tours 18 sessions, has been successfully selected 6. The eldest of them was born in 1985 and the youngest was born in 1990. They will receive training for a period of two years starting from next year, and eventually became official after the 2016 branded Aquanaut. According to reports, the second batch of Aquanaut training completion, China will have 8 Aquanaut, they may complete the primary driving task and will also be responsible for deep submersibles, such as maintenance, security, deployment and recovery of initial guarantee "Dragon" business of running.
The Aquanaut trainees, including two female students. And female astronauts, female Aquanaut students exhibit the same concern to outsiders. Liu Feng said, are already female Aquanaut deep submersible pilot to dive as precedent, differs from the astronauts, no pressure or weight loss problems within the cockpit, not on Human Physiology with special effects, and also found no female fertility will be affected. Liu Feng said that women are more careful, more patient, to some extent, more in line with the requirements of manned deep submersible. Their selection criteria and male students, will also be responsible for the same tasks. However, because of the deep submersible vehicle for space-constrained, and sanitation deficiencies exist, if it's female scientists to perform research tasks under water, apparently driven by a female diving deep submersibles more convenient.
For humanity, deep sea known as unfamiliar territory more than space, manned deep submersible underwater security issues also attracted much attention. Liu Feng said that "Dragon" cabin, life-support systems to ensure that cabin air composition, pressure and other environmental and land is basically the same. For Aquanaut, therefore, the major challenge is people need to spend more than 10 hours in confined spaces, on the psychological quality of the test. According to reports, States of deep submersible designed to dive for no more than 12 hours, morning dive, recovery before it gets dark. The current "Dragon", maximum length of working time is approximately 12 hours underwater. But Liu Feng said that despite the "Dragon", dive depth, but security was very high. "Up to now, countries manned deep submersibles have not seen any incident of life, and the ' Dragon ' is a manned submersible in the world, and the security measures taken, up to 9".
In addition to "Dragon" beyond the deep manned submersible, China recently successfully tested a "Dragon first" 6,000 metres deep-level unmanned untethered submersible and "Sea Dragon" an unmanned deep submersible cable. Liu Feng told reporters the global times, these deep submersibles assume different functions. For example, "Dragon", is characterized by fixed point operations capability, can be fine for a specific area of investigation. "Dragon first" unmanned untethered submersible deep investigation suitable for a wide range of terrain, but there is no sampling capability. "The Dragon", seabed sampling operation, but due to its hauling cable, flexibility than "Dragon" was weak. But "the Dragon", relies on surface ships to provide electricity, working long hours at the bottom.
According to reports, the "Dragon" will be completed next year, the two focused on the survey: May or June, cobalt-rich crusts in the Northwest Pacific area environmental and resource exploration; southwest of the end of the India Ocean, hydrothermal sulfide resources and biological surveys of the area. Liu Feng stressed that, as the hot liquid sulfides areas underwater, trees, "Dragon" in the Navigation dive part of driving skill, courage, and programme development are put forward higher requirements. The Aquanaut trainees receive theoretical training, will participate in the next year, "Dragon" experimental application.
As the country's deep sea base and the ' Dragon ' mother ship-building in the future, ' Dragon ' will gradually achieve commercial operation. State Oceanic Administration spokesman Shi Qingfeng said future deep dive technology through scientific inquiry into the deep sea after the tourism industry, will also have very good business prospects.
(Original title: the Chinese dragon will have 8 submersible exploration next year will be twice)
【环球时报记者马俊】“上天下海”是中国人长久以来的梦想。嫦娥三号探测器正在准备登陆月球的同时，作为“蛟龙”号深潜器的未来驾驭者，中国第二批6名深海载人潜水器潜航员学员也于10日公开亮相。国家深海基地管理中心主任刘峰10日告诉《环球时报》记者，除了学员培训外，位于青岛的国家深海基地也预计2014年底完成竣工验收。
据介绍，第二批深海载人潜水器潜航员学员选拔从今年7月开始，经过报名、初选、复选、定选及政审考察等18个环节，已成功选出6人。其中年龄最大的1985年出生，最小的1990年出生。他们将从明年开始接受为期两年的培训，并在2016年通过考核后最终成为正式潜航员。据介绍，第二批潜航员学员培训学成后，中国将拥有8名潜航员，他们既可完成主驾驶任务，还能负责深潜器的维护、保障、布放和回收等工作，初步保障“蛟龙”号的业务化运行。
这批潜航员学员中还包括两名女性学员。和女性航天员一样，女性潜航员学员的出现同样引起外界的关注。刘峰介绍说，全球已经有女性潜航员作为深潜器驾驶员下潜的先例，与航天员不同，驾驶舱内部没有气压或失重问题，不会对人体生理有特殊影响，也没有发现女性生育会因此受到影响。刘峰说，女性更心细、更有耐心，从一定程度上看，更符合载人深潜的要求。她们和男性学员的选拔标准一致，也将担负相同的任务。不过由于深潜器空间狭小，卫生设施有所欠缺，如果是女性科学家在水下执行科研任务时，显然由女性深潜员驾驶深潜器更为方便。
对人类而言，深海被称为比太空更陌生的领域，因此载人深潜器的水下安全问题也备受关注。刘峰说，“蛟龙”号舱内的生命支持系统能确保舱室的空气成分、压强等环境与地面基本相同。因此对于潜航员而言，主要挑战是人在密闭空间里需要待上十多个小时，对心理素质的考验很大。据介绍，各国深潜器设计的每次下潜时间不超过12小时，即天亮时下潜，天黑前回收。目前“蛟龙”号最长水下工作时间已接近12小时。不过刘峰说，尽管“蛟龙”号的下潜深度大，但安全性非常高。“到目前为止，各国载人深潜器还没有出现过任何人命事故，而且‘蛟龙’号采取的安全措施是全球载人潜水器里最多的，多达9种”。
除了“蛟龙”号载人深潜器之外，中国不久前还成功试验了“潜龙一号”6000米级无人无缆深潜器和“海龙”号无人有缆深潜器。刘峰告诉《环球时报》记者，这些深潜器各自承担不同的功能。例如“蛟龙”号的特点是定点作业能力较强，能针对特定作业面进行精细的调查。而“潜龙一号”无人无缆深潜器适合大范围的地形调查，但没有取样能力。“海龙”号可以海底取样作业，但由于它拖着缆线，灵活性就比“蛟龙”号弱。不过“海龙”号依靠海面船舶提供电力，能在海底长时间工作。
据介绍，“蛟龙”号明年将完成两个航次的调查：五六月份在西北太平洋富钴结壳区对环境和资源的勘探;年底到西南印度洋，开展热液硫化物区的资源和生物勘察。刘峰强调，热液硫化物区就如同海底石林，“蛟龙”号在其中航行对潜航员的驾驶技术、勇气以及方案的制定都提出更高要求。这批潜航员学员在接受理论培训之后，将参加明年所有“蛟龙”号的实验性应用。
随着国家深海基地和‘蛟龙’号母船的建设，今后‘蛟龙’号将会逐步实现商业化运行。国家海洋局新闻发言人石青峰表示，未来深潜技术由科学探索转变为深海旅游等产业应用后，也将具备很好的商业前景。
（原标题：中国蛟龙号将有8名潜航员 明年将进行两次勘探）
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