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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/12 9:26:51 Incremental delay minimum retirement age groups begin
18 plenary session decided to propose, to "develop incremental delays retirement age policy". Experts say the incremental delay retirement, is the first time such a reference, this is a new attempt to reform in the field of social security.
Hu Xiaoyi, Vice Minister of human resources and social security said in an interview with Xinhua recently, gradual delay in retirement age in line with China's reality.
Incremental latency
Starting from the minimum retirement age groups
Hu Xiaoyi said, a comprehensive analysis on the level of economic and social development and ageing, labour supply and demand factors, reference to international experience, status and the age of retirement claims to take fully into account the different groups, on the premise of clear goals, take the form of incremental delays retirement age, both to ensure a smooth transition before and after the policy change, nor does it pose a great impact on the current employment situation.
"According to our preliminary to the spirit of the plenary session decided to learn and understand, ' progressive ' delaying retirement age contains various connotations. "Hu Xiaoyi said," was several years in advance notice cannot be announced this year next year on the implementation, and to enable the public, especially the necessary preparation time and related groups. ”
Two is to go step by step, starting from a minimum retirement age groups, starting from low coefficient of elasticity of substitution groups of human resources, gradually extended to all kinds of groups.
Third is to take a small step, such as delayed only a few months each year, small step, Xu, a longer period of time to complete a smooth transition.
Four is to more measures simultaneously, in delay retired of while, strictly control ahead of retired, further strengthened endowment insurance long paid more have of incentive mechanism, adjustment industry structure, and development more for in the elderly and not and youth compete for work opportunities of post, strengthened in the elderly skills training, and research support middle-aged and elderly people employment of support policy wait, to maximum reduced on related groups of adverse effects.
The present population of
Urban per capita life expectancy for more than 75 years old
"The retirement age is a major social and economic policies. "Hu Xiaoyi said," from the stage of China's economic and social development and contained contradictions it is necessary to study delaying the retirement age issue on the agenda. ”
Hu Xiaoyi said, the current average life expectancy in China for more than 75 years, coupled with labor conditions improve, average labour intensity significantly lower than in the past. If they continue to maintain lower retirement age, on the one hand not conducive to arouse the enthusiasm of young people in the labour, on the pension entitlements of retired people also lack access to sustainable, reasonable increase.
At the same time, general employment situation remained labour supply exceeds demand in China, but the 2012 phenomenon of absolute decline in the total workforce for the first time, fell 3.45 million over the previous year, the working-age population declining share of total population of 0.6%. This is an important signal, predicting the future supply of labour will gradually enter in China reduced the amount.
Old and new interface
Reform of the endowment insurance system
Hu Xiaoyi said that "according to our preliminary study on the spirit of the plenary session decided, insight into the reform of the endowment insurance system in General should include several aspects: institutions are implementing Commission consistent with the corporate account combines the basic old-age insurance system, fair. B is a unit or individual contributions, the establishment of social Endowment Insurance Fund, the implementation of social pooling: emphasizing balanced burden; three is a basic method of calculation of pensions reform, basic old-age pension levels and individuals linked to the level of payment, payment age limit for the calendar year, reflecting how many, long payment, that correspond to rights and obligations, and better reflect the entire career of contribution. Four basic retirement pension adjustment for the treatment of reform, establishing a balanced treatment of all categories of personnel in determining and adjusting mechanism, coverage levels and levels of economic development and sustainability compatible; five were set up occupational pension, construction of multi-level old-age insurance system. In the reform process, to do a convergence of the old and new system, seeking to smooth.
Hu Xiaoyi introduction, in every country on the civil service and the arrangement of endowment insurance system for enterprise employees, some uniform system (monorail), or the creation of systems (two-track). But the overall trend is on basic systems gradually merged policy reflects on career-specific differences.
"Building a well-off society in the new period, as an important means of redistribution of social security to pay more attention to fairness and reasonable relationship between the adjustment of social income. "Hu Xiaoyi said," and the ' two-track ' persistence led to social conflicts, obviously not conducive to the promotion of social equity. ”
Therefore, regardless of how the various institutional arrangements at the international level, proceed from our national conditions, addressing a "two-pronged" problem must be put on the agenda, the Deputy Minister said.
Pension equity
From a four-pronged solution a "two-pronged"
Hu Xiaoyi said that the reform of the endowment insurance system, is to gradually defuse a "two-pronged" contradictory to achieve rights rules of fairness, equal opportunity, fair, laying the Foundation Endowment for the gradual resolution of similar personnel discrimination, greater social equity.
Second is conducive to achieving the objective of perfecting the social security system. Basic policy of the CPC Central Committee for social security benefits is "full coverage, basic, multi-level, sustainable", full coverage should also include institutions and their staff.
Units of the three helps safeguard retiree pension rights, reform of the institutions of basic old-age insurance system, the implementation of fund social pool, according to the "law of large numbers" to transfer funds, conducive to balanced burden of the units, ensure the basic livelihood of retirees by units.
Four is to facilitate personnel flow smooth pension transfer and renewal, imposed largely unified basic old-age insurance system, movement of workers regardless of what happened between State organs, institutions and enterprises, pension rights are effectively protected, conducive to the formation of human resources market mechanisms to promote optimal allocation of human resources. According to the Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 10 reporters Xu Bo
Expert voices
Gradually extending the retirement age
Reduce the impact of policy changes
Chinese Academy of social sciences of the World Center for social security studies Director Zheng Bingwen
The CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision made to develop incremental delays retirement age policy. In order to meet the challenges of ageing and pension payments, many countries in the world are trying to delay the retirement age, which is the parameter most adjustments in social security. By adjusting the parameters of some countries, to solve these challenges very well.
World-wide, the delayed retirement age there are two policies: one is flexible (flexible) delayed pension age; the second was gradual delay in retirement age. The main difference between the two: the first is the "available options", adhering to the principle of voluntary, while the latter is not.
Delayed retirement age policy is progressive on social security "Twelve-Five" program's "study elasticity delayed pension age policy" continued and refined.
In addition, after delaying retirement-related policies formulated and promulgated in the future will also be formally implemented only after several years of preparation.
Therefore, incremental delay retirement is to take slow and sure way, gradually extending the retirement age to minimize retirement policy adjustments for the impact of social and related personnel, this comparison is in terms of raising the statutory retirement age in many countries generally accepted practices.
From practice throughout the world, delaying retirement age did not stop, but take incremental scenario, every few years, 3 months, delay of 5 years, is likely to have a 20-year transition period. From this point of view, the study developed a progressive delay in retirement age policies will become a significant zone of our reformed.
Online micro-evaluation
@ Ideality and reality: China now aging stage, the problem is gradually being more concerned by people, and we hope that eventually will have a satisfactory answer to all.
@ At that faraway place: Hu Xiaoyi, Vice Minister of human resources and social security said that delaying retirement at the same time, countries will also strictly control the early retirement incentive mechanism of strengthening old-age insurance, adjusting the industrial structure, develop more suitable for older persons and are not competing for jobs with young people in jobs. It was a delayed retirement brought about by the shortage of jobs in an important way.
@ Shan does not turn water transfer: retirement age delay may be an important means for addressing ageing trend, hope that concrete measures in future, be able to maximally satisfy all wishes.
Over 75 years old
Current average life expectancy in China reached 75 years of age.
Decrease of 3.45 million people
2012 phenomenon of absolute decline in the total workforce for the first time, fell 3.45 million over the previous year, the working-age population declining share of total population of 0.6%.
The aging
Peak acceleration
From the national perspective of labor resources and the ratio of elderly population, for 2007, 5 years after a sharp drop to 4.83:1. Urban basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees the current dependency ratio (the ratio between contributors and recipients of treatment) is 3.03:1. It is predicted that around 2030, the old-age dependency ratio will be raised to insurance 2:1.
(Original title: retirement age delayed only a few months of each year)
十八届三中全会决定提出，要“研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策”。专家表示，渐进式延迟退休，这样的提法尚属首次，这是社会保障领域改革的一次全新尝试。
人力资源和社会保障部副部长胡晓义近日在接受新华社记者采访时说，渐进式延迟退休年龄符合我国实际。
渐进式延迟
先从退休年龄最低的群体开始
胡晓义说，综合分析我国劳动力供求和老龄化程度等经济社会发展因素，参考国际经验，充分考虑不同群体的退休年龄现状和诉求，在明确目标的前提下，采取渐进式延迟退休年龄的方式，既能确保政策调整前后平稳过渡，也不会对当期的就业状况造成太大影响。
“根据我们对三中全会决定精神的初步学习和理解，‘渐进式’延迟退休年龄包含着多层含义。”胡晓义说，“一是要提前若干年预告，不能今年宣布明年就实施，而要让公众，特别是相关群体有必要的准备期。”
二是要分步走，比如先从退休年龄最低的群体开始，从人力资源替代弹性系数低的群体开始，逐步扩展到各类群体。
三是要迈小步，比如每年只延迟几个月，小步徐趋，用较长的一段时间完成平滑过渡。
四是要多措并举，在延迟退休的同时，严格控制提前退休，进一步强化养老保险长缴多得的激励机制，调整产业结构、开发更多适合中老年人又不与青年人争夺工作机会的岗位，加强中老年人技能培训，并研究支持中老年人就业的扶持政策等等，以最大限度降低对相关群体的不利影响。
人口现状
城镇人均预期寿命达75岁以上
“退休年龄是一项重大社会经济政策。”胡晓义说，“从我国经济社会的发展阶段和蕴含矛盾看，确有必要将研究延迟退休年龄问题提上日程。”
胡晓义说，目前我国城镇人均预期寿命达75岁以上；加上劳动条件改善，平均劳动强度比以前大大降低。如果继续维持较低的退休年龄，一方面不利于调动中青年人劳动的积极性；另一方面退休人员的养老金待遇也得不到持续、合理提高。
同时，我国总的就业形势依然是劳动力供大于求，但2012年首次出现劳动力资源总量绝对下降的现象，比上年减少345万人，劳动年龄人口占总人口比重下降0.6个百分点。这是一个重要的信号，预示着未来我国劳动力将逐步进入供给总量减少时期。
新老衔接
改革机关事业单位养老保险制度
胡晓义说，“按照我们对三中全会决定精神的初步学习、领会，改革机关事业单位养老保险制度大体应包括几个方面：一是机关事业单位实行与企业总体一致的统账结合的基本养老保险制模式，体现公平。二是实行单位和个人缴费，建立社会化的养老保险基金，实行社会统筹互济，均衡单位负担；三是改革基本养老金计发办法，基本养老金水平与个人历年的缴费水平、缴费年限挂钩，体现多缴多得、长缴多得，权利与义务相对应，更好体现整个职业生涯的贡献。四是改革基本养老金待遇调整办法，建立兼顾各类人员的待遇确定和调整机制，保障水平与经济发展水平及各方面的承受能力相适应；五是建立职业年金，构建多层次养老保险体系。改革过程中，要做好新老制度衔接，力求平稳顺利。
胡晓义介绍，目前各国对公务员和企业职工养老保险的制度安排，有的是统一制度(单轨)，有的是分别建立制度(双轨)。但总的趋势是在基本制度上逐步合并，在具体政策上体现职业差别。
“在全面建设小康社会的新时期，作为再分配重要手段的社会保障要更加注重公平，合理调节社会收入关系。”胡晓义说，“而‘双轨制’的长期存在引发了社会矛盾，显然不利于促进社会公平。”
因此，不论国际上的各种制度安排如何，从我国国情出发，解决“双轨制”问题必须提上改革日程，这位副部长说。
养老公平
从四方面入手解决“双轨制”
胡晓义说，改革机关事业单位养老保险制度，一是逐步化解“双轨制”矛盾，实现权利公平、机会公平、规则公平，为逐步化解同类人员养老待遇差别奠定基础，更好地体现社会公平。
二是要有利于实现完善社会保障体系的目标。党中央确定社会保障的基本方针是“全覆盖，保基本，多层次，可持续”，其中全覆盖也应当包括机关事业单位及其工作人员在内。
三是有利于更好保障各单位退休人员的养老权益，改革机关事业单位基本养老保险制度，实行基金社会统筹，按照“大数法则”调剂使用基金，有利于均衡各单位的负担，确保各单位退休人员的基本生活。
四是有利于保障人员流动时养老关系顺畅转移接续，实行大体统一的基本养老保险制度，职工无论在机关事业单位和企业之间怎么流动，养老保险权益都能得到有效保障，有利于形成人力资源市场机制，促进人力资源的优化配置。据新华社北京12月10日电 记者 徐博
专家声音
逐步延长退休年龄
减小政策调整的影响
中国社会科学院世界社保研究中心主任 郑秉文
《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出，研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策。为了应对老龄化和养老金收支平衡的挑战，世界很多国家都尝试了延迟退休年龄，这是社会保障里最具调整空间的参数。有些国家通过调整这一参数，很好地解决了上述挑战。
从世界范围来看，延迟退休年龄有两种策略：一是弹性(柔性)延迟领取养老金年龄；二是渐进式延迟退休年龄。两者的主要区别为：前者是“可选项”，秉承自愿的原则；而后者则不然。
渐进式延迟退休年龄政策正是对社会保障“十二五”规划纲要提出的“研究弹性延迟领取养老金年龄的政策”的继续和细化。
此外，在将来有关延迟退休的政策制定并公布之后，还将经过几年的准备才会正式实施。
因此，渐进式延迟退休就是采取比较缓慢而稳妥的方式，逐步延长退休年龄，尽量减小退休政策调整对社会和有关人员所带来的影响，这是许多国家在提高法定退休年龄方面比较通行的做法。
从全世界的实践来看，延迟退休年龄没有一步到位的，而是采取渐进式的方案，每几年延长3个月，延迟5年退休的话很可能要有20年的过渡期。从这一角度来看，研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策将成为我国下一步改革的重要试验区。
网友微评
@理想与现实：如今中国步入老龄化阶段，这个问题也逐渐被更多人所关注，我们希望最终会有一个让所有人满意的答案。
@在那遥远的地方：人力资源和社会保障部副部长胡晓义说，在延迟退休的同时，国家还将严格控制提前退休，强化养老保险激励机制，调整产业结构，开发更多适合中老年人、又不与青年人争夺工作机会的岗位。这是解决延迟退休所带来的岗位紧缺的一个重要途径。
@山不转水转：退休年龄延迟可能是解决现在我国老龄化趋势的一个重要手段，希望的具体措施出台以后，能够最大限度地满足各方意愿。
75岁以上
目前我国城镇人均预期寿命达75岁以上。
减少345万人
2012年首次出现劳动力资源总量绝对下降的现象，比上年减少345万人，劳动年龄人口占总人口比重下降0.6个百分点。
老龄化
高峰加速到来
从全国劳动力资源与老年人口的比值看，2007年为6.85∶1，5年后急剧降到4.83∶1。城镇企业职工基本养老保险制度目前的抚养比(缴费者与领取待遇者之间的比例)为3.03∶1。据预测，2030年前后，养老保险抚养比将提高到2∶1以下。
(原标题：退休年龄每年只延迟几个月)
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