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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/12 9:27:24 Liaoning total 54.2 million haze ticket validity questioned
"Haze of a ticket" begins opening: officials face, lost card project
Liaoning province, officials said, and ordered to face pass on to the Mayor of the city, may be forced to focus on pollution treatment; but there are also local officials questioning the validity of penalty
Theseus Chan published Miao Qi
"Ten haze v", the old industrial base of Liaoning province took the lead in breakout, opened China's first "haze tickets".
Recently, under the jurisdiction of eight cities in Liaoning Province issued amounted to $ 54.2 million worth of tickets, to punish the urban air quality exceeded. Head of the Office of environmental education center in Liaoning province Jin Hui told the newspaper reporters, in fact, as early as last December, has been under the jurisdiction of the city of Liaoning Province issued a ticket, just recently released a cumulative fine lines.
In addition to Liaoning, a reporter from the provincial environmental protection Department is aware, there are no air quality standards on urban fine other precedents. However, Zhejiang Province has introduced rules to PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) indicators average annual concentration to reward or punish the city lift, but this provision until well into next year, some districts and cities of operation on the ground.
Liaoning province, who spoke on condition of anonymity, officials said fine to the city spurred a limited role, but as a fine city's Mayor, also make life difficult on the face, which may be forced by local administration focusing on urban pollution control.
But there are also official told this newspaper that, for extremely fine air mobility was unreasonable, should determine causes of pollution and then penalties, and will be responsible for implementing specific cadres.
54.2 million Yuan ticket details
Liaoning Provincial Department of environmental protection provided to the newspaper by an information show that assessment of ambient air quality in the province sentenced to pay a total of 54.2 million Yuan, of which 34.6 million dollars in Shenyang, Dalian, Fushun, Anshan 7.8 million Yuan 1.6 million Yuan 1.6 million Yuan and 200,000 yuan in Benxi, Yingkou, Liaoyang 400,000 Yuan RMB 5 million Yuan and Huludao city of 3 million.
In May 2012, Liaoning province, Liaoning province, unveiled the provisional rules on the assessment of city ambient air quality (hereinafter referred to as the rules), which is the policy basis of the eight cities in Liaoning province have been fined.
According to approach under, Liaoning province within 14 a assemblymen will daily accept air quality examination, examination indicators by sulfur dioxide, and II oxidation nitrogen and can inhalation particles property (PM10) composed, Liaoning province environment monitoring center on these city daily examination indicators for statistics, by months will data provides to Liaoning Province Environmental Office, environmental Office for approved Hou will examination results and tickets opened to all city, and CC to Liaoning province finance. Penalty payments withheld when funding from the Department of finance at year-end.
How to determine the amount of fines? Based primarily on sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and respirable particulate matter exceeded the average daily concentration.
Approach under said, in three items indicators of national standard value Shang, if sulfur dioxide exceeded up 0.25 times times, penalty paid 200,000 yuan, each increment 0.25 times times (containing 0.25 times times), plus penalty 200,000 yuan; II oxidation nitrogen with sulfur dioxide; can inhalation particles property exceeded up 0.5 times times, penalty paid 200,000 yuan, each increment 0.5 times times (containing 0.5 times times), plus penalty 200,000 yuan.
11 months, Shenyang is a fine of up to, it is all ambient air quality in the city, Liaoning ranks the last digit of the.
Jin Hui told the reporter, in fact, air quality assessment of Liaoning province punished is drawing on the cross section in the province assessing the punishment, to monitor the area of the cross section of the city at that time, if excessive water is fine, penalty payment of funds for integrated river within the province.
According to the Liaoning Provincial Department of environmental protection material, 54.2 million Yuan fine would be used for the Blue Sky project. The project targets by 2015, more than 70% of the province's cities of urban ambient air quality has reached the national standard secondary standard, PM2.5, haze pollution under control, total emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides completed the State issuing the control indicators.
Sky project involving heating and gas network construction, eliminating backward production capacity, urban greening, green transportation, atmospheric monitoring and so on. In addition to the air quality of the project exceeded the city's penalty, also came from the project of ecological compensation, the State environmental protection fund grant, treasuries, such as ADB and World Bank loans.
Zhejiang "combination of reward and punishment"
Liaoning is the country's first to the city opened "haze tickets" at provincial level, and, according to incomplete statistics with this reporter, many provinces are brewing for air quality assessment methods.
In June this year, of the Zhejiang Provincial ambient air quality management assessment methods (for trial implementation) was published on PM2.5 metrics of which level to reward or provision of the city, but starting next year in some parts of the execution.
Provisions of Zhejiang Province urban environmental air quality management assessment on an annual basis, assessment results will be linked to the construction project environmental impact assessment, if examination is not eligible next year suspended approval of environmental administrative authorities at all levels have a significant impact on the urban PM2.5 indicators for industrial construction projects.
In addition, Zhejiang on ambient air quality assessment results qualified over cities, annual average concentrations of PM2.5 indicators declines, will award 1 million worth ~500 million, respectively; failed the examination results, will depend on the average annual concentration of PM2.5 indicators rose, punishing 2 million worth ~500 million, respectively.
Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, officials told reporters that the current assessment methods published for less than a year, annual examination results have not been announced, and so the province has not been issued a ticket. That said, each city atmospheric monitoring data and all provinces of unified networking, and the multiple stations are equipped with automated sampling devices, real-time monitoring data for immediate release was unlikely to be false may.
Environmental protection of Fujian province who told this reporter, currently being drafted in the province of Fujian Provincial ambient air quality evaluation procedures (trial implementation). The provincial environmental protection and local media said, test results other than as a basis for analysis of government performance evaluation, and linked with the construction project environmental impact assessment. Ambient air quality evaluation for the failed city, regional limited, suspended and significant impact on urban PM10 industrial construction projects.
Ms Li of Shaanxi Provincial environmental protection publicity Department told reporters that the air pollution control Ordinance by the end of November in Shaanxi Province and is expected to be implemented from January 1, 2014. She said, that will be officially announced on 20th of this month on the treatment and prevention of the highlights is the enterprise will be more stringent penalties for pollution emissions, greater penalties to change illegal low cost situation. In addition, the Ordinance also enhanced the rating of government regulators, but as to the specific details still need to wait until December 20, published only after know.
Jiangsu provincial Department of environmental protection education of Mr yan told reporters, Jiangsu Province has not been introduced ways also have not heard of a ticket.
Hebei provincial Department of environmental protection, according to people interviewed by the reporter, currently the province's only corporate fines for excessive gas emissions, no city fined for air quality standards regulations.
President, XI Jinping, on December 9 after listening to the Hebei provincial Committee of the party's mass line education activities overall report, noted that you have 8, 38, corrective measures, is crucial to implementing in earnest. Over the years, accumulated contradictions of development of Hebei more benefits rectification touched directly, only reductions of capacity of iron and steel, coal, cement, glass and control air pollution requires tremendous of hard work.
XI said both team improvement or personal improvement, are strict liability, strengthen supervision to ensure that promises, State junlingzhuang'm going to look at the results. Whenever there are problems without solutions, main issues small improvement, to corrective and do it again, to serious criticism and education, organizational measures and disciplinary action is taken when necessary.
Official pride
But there was also concern about, "fine haze" will be a mere formality, become a subordinate of the "numbers game"? Meanwhile, the fine itself is reasonable?
The Quzhou city, officials said, a fine line, if millions of, significance and not be too large for the Government, "fine more like knocking the alarms. ”
Liaoning province aforesaid officials admitted, even tens of millions of millions of fines for some cities, indeed nothing, "as a large capital city Shenyang, more than 30 million it is indifferent. ”
But the Liaoning official said the fines spur is limited, but after the fine was announced, Mayor of sake, ashamed, to forced his attention to air pollution control.
"You're fine in the city so much that you (Mayor) of how to explain it, said at the meeting that the implementation of the scientific concept of development, development of ecological civilization, how can you speak? (The fine), the key is to let the Mayor in the face to get through, here's what can happen, under the existing system, face the most important. "He said.
Zhejiang Provincial environmental protection pollution prevention branch of the Office engineer Sun Guojin said: "the assessment findings, it can be considered a record, if check is not good, local people will have opinions, is also a kind of pressure. ”
In addition to fine effect is controversial, but at present there are different views on the fine itself.
The Quzhou city official suggested that the formation of PM2.5 is complex and are subject to external influence is relatively large. In fact, air and water problems cannot be compared, evaluation is very difficult. More reasonable assessment of the water, through examination of the inlet cross section, but atmospheric flow is too strong, cause is too complex.
"While local factors certainly exists, but it is hard to distinguish exactly how local factors contributed a percentage. "He said. In fact, the Hangzhou environmental protection Bureau recently said foreign and winter haze causes of 70% is subject to external influences.
In addition, Zhejiang PM2.5 data accumulated in just one year, the Quzhou city officials thought, after several years of data accumulated may be required in order to have a more thorough analysis, "so that the punishment and treatment more science." He also suggested that the local government fines can only be a means of "regional limited batch may also be more important projects, or specifically into the assessment of cadres. "Source: business news
“雾霾罚单”始开：丢官员面子、卡地方项目
有辽宁省官员称，被罚城市的市长面子上过不去，可能倒逼地方注重治污；但也有地方官员质疑罚款的有效性
陈益刊 缪琦
“十面霾伏”之下，老工业基地辽宁率先突围，开出了国内首张“雾霾罚单”。
近日，辽宁省对下辖八市开出总额达5420万元的罚单，以惩罚这些城市空气质量超标。辽宁省环保厅宣教中心相关负责人靳辉告诉《第一财经日报》记者，其实早在去年12月份，辽宁省已经对下辖城市开出罚单，只是近期公布了累计罚款额度。
除辽宁外，本报记者向多省环保厅了解到，目前还没有因空气质量不达标对城市罚款的其他先例。不过浙江省已出台相关规定，以PM2.5(细颗粒物)指标年均浓度升降来奖励或惩罚城市，但这一规定要到明年起才在当地部分设区市实施。
一位不愿意透露姓名的辽宁省官员称，罚款多少对城市的鞭策作用有限，但是作为被罚款城市的市长，在面子上也过不去，这可能倒逼地方主政者注重城市污染治理。
但也有官员对本报称，针对流动性极强的空气罚款并不合理，应在确定污染成因后再谋处罚，并将责任落实到具体干部。
5420万元罚单详解
辽宁省环保厅提供给本报的一份资料显示，全省环境空气质量考核罚缴资金总计5420万元，其中沈阳3460万元、大连160万元、鞍山780万元、抚顺160万元、本溪20万元、营口40万元、辽阳500万元、葫芦岛300万元。
2012年5月，辽宁省公布了《辽宁省城市环境空气质量考核暂行办法》(下称《办法》)，这就是此次辽宁八市遭到罚款的政策依据。
根据《办法》，辽宁省内14个省辖市将每天接受空气质量考核，考核指标由二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)组成，辽宁省环境监测中心对这些城市每日考核指标进行统计，按月将数据提供给辽宁省环保厅，环保厅进行核定后将考核结果和罚单开给各个城市，并抄送给辽宁省财政厅。罚缴资金由财政厅在年终结算时一并扣缴。
那具体的罚款数额如何确定？这主要依据二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物日平均超标浓度的多少来定。
《办法》称，在三项指标的国家标准值上，若二氧化硫超标达0.25倍，罚缴20万元，每递增0.25倍(含0.25倍)，加罚20万元；二氧化氮同二氧化硫；可吸入颗粒物超标达0.5倍，罚缴20万元，每递增0.5倍(含0.5倍)，加罚20万元。
11个月累计下来，沈阳市被罚款最多，它也是辽宁所有城市环境空气质量排名的末位。
靳辉告诉本报记者，其实辽宁省空气质量考核处罚是借鉴此前省内的水断面考核处罚，当时对城市辖区内的水断面进行监测，若水质超标就会被罚款，罚缴资金用于省内统筹河流治理。
据辽宁省环保厅资料，5420万元罚款将全部用于蓝天工程。这一工程的目标是到2015年，全省70%以上的省辖市城市环境空气质量达到国标的二级标准，PM2.5、灰霾污染得到有效控制，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放总量完成国家下达的控制指标。
蓝天工程涉及供热、天然气网建设、淘汰落后产能、城市绿化、绿色交通、大气监控等。该工程除了上述空气质量超标城市的罚款外，还来自于项目生态补偿，国家环保专项资金补助、国债、亚行和世行贷款等。
浙江“赏罚结合”
辽宁是全国首个对城市开出“雾霾罚单”的省级行政区，而据本报记者不完全统计，不少省份都在针对空气质量酝酿考核办法。
今年6月，《浙江省环境空气质量管理考核办法》(试行)正式发布，其中有依据PM2.5指标高低来对城市进行奖励或罚款的规定，但要从明年起才在部分地区施行。
浙江省规定将城市环境空气质量管理每年考核一次，考核结果将与建设项目环境影响评价相挂钩，若城市考核不合格，下一年度各级环保行政主管部门暂停审批对该城市PM2.5指标造成重大影响的工业建设项目。
另外，浙江对环境空气质量考核结果在合格以上的城市，视PM2.5指标年均浓度下降情况，将分别奖励100万元~500万元；考核结果不合格的，将视PM2.5指标年均浓度上升情况，分别处罚200万元~500万元。
有浙江省衢州市官员告诉记者，目前考核办法发布未满一年，年度考核结果尚未出炉，所以省里还未开出罚单。该人士表示，各市所有的大气监测数据都是和省里统一联网的，而各市的多个监测站均装有自动采样装置，即时监测即时发布的数据不可能有人为造假的可能。
福建省环保厅人士则告诉本报记者，目前该省正在起草《福建省环境空气质量管理考核办法(试行)》。该省环保厅对当地媒体称，考核结果除了作为区政府实绩分析评价的依据外，还与建设项目环境影响评价相挂钩。环境空气质量管理考核评定为不合格的城市，实行区域限批，暂停审批对城市PM10造成重大影响的工业建设项目。
陕西省环保厅宣传处的李女士告诉记者，《陕西省大气污染防治条例》11月底通过，预计于2014年1月1日起执行。她介绍说，这一将在本月20日正式公布的防治条例亮点就在于对企业污染排放的处罚措施将会更为严格，处罚力度更大以改变违法成本低的局面。除此之外，该条例也强化了对地方政府监管部门的考核，但至于具体细则，还需要等到12月20日公布之后才知道。
江苏省环保厅宣教中心的严先生则对记者称，江苏省还未出台相关办法，也没有听说要开罚单。
本报记者采访的河北省环保厅人士称，目前该省只对气体排放超标的企业罚款，没有因空气质量不达标而对城市罚款的规定。
国家主席习近平12月9日在听取河北省委党的群众路线教育实践活动总体情况汇报时指出，你们提了8个方面、38条整改举措，关键是要抓好落实。这些年，河北积累的发展矛盾比较多，整改触及的利益很直接，仅调减钢铁、燃煤、水泥、玻璃产能和治理大气污染就需要下极大功夫。
习近平表示，无论班子整改还是个人整改，都要严明责任，加强监督，确保兑现承诺，立了军令状就要看结果。凡是有问题不整改、大问题小整改、边整改边再犯的，都要严肃批评教育，必要时采取组织措施和纪律措施。
官员的面子问题
但目前也有人担心，“雾霾罚款”会否流于形式，变成上下级间的“数字游戏”？与此同时，这种罚款本身是否合理？
上述衢州市官员表示，罚款的额度如果只是几百万的话，对政府来说意义并不会很大，“罚款更像是敲个警钟吧。”
前述辽宁省官员坦承，几百万甚至几千万的罚款的确对一些城市来说不算什么，“作为沈阳这样一个大的省会城市，3000多万它也是不在乎的。”
但这位辽宁官员称，罚钱多少鞭策有限，但罚钱被公布后，会让市长面子上挂不住，以此来倒逼他重视大气污染治理。
“你这个城市罚款这么多，你(市长)怎么解释，到时候在大会上说落实科学发展观、发展生态文明，你怎么讲？(这个罚款)关键是让市长在面子上过不去，要的就是这种效果，在现有的体制下，面子最重要。”他说。
浙江省环保厅污防处工程师孙国金也曾表示：“这个考核结果公开，也算是一种政绩，如果考核不好，当地老百姓也会有意见的，也是一种压力。”
除了对罚款效果存在争议外，目前对罚款本身也存在不同看法。
上述衢州市官员就提出，PM2.5的成因很复杂，受到外来的影响也比较大。实际上，空气问题和水的问题无法拿来比较，考核起来难度很大。水的考核比较合理，可以通过对进出水的断面进行考核，但大气流动性太强，成因也太复杂。
“虽然本地因素肯定存在，但很难区分清楚本地因素究竟贡献了多少百分比。”他说。事实上，杭州市环保局近日就对外称，冬季时的雾霾成因70%是受外来影响。
另外，目前浙江积累PM2.5数据仅一年，这位衢州市官员因此认为，可能需要经过几年数据的积累才能把成因分析得更透彻，“这样处罚和治理起来才更科学”。他还提出，对地方政府罚款只能是手段之一，“更重要的可能还是项目区域限批，或者具体纳入各个干部的考核。”来源：第一财经日报
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